Risques D’inondation Et Proposition D’un Plan D’évacuation Des Eaux De Pluie Dans La Ville De Kantché, Région De Zinder Au Niger

Le Niger connait une hausse exponentielle du nombre d’inondations consécutives à de fortes pluies. Ce nombre est passé en moyenne à moins de deux (2) par an avant 1990 à plus de huit (8) par an au cours des années 2000. Ainsi, ces inondations surviennent chaque année dans l’ensemble des villes nigériennes mais aussi les zones rurales. La présente étude porte sur le cas de la ville de Kantché dans la région de Zinder qui, avec une population de 27615 habitants en 2012, est sujette aux inondations récurrentes et aux problèmes d’assainissement liés à la mauvaise gestion des eaux pluviales. A titre d’exemple cette commune a connu des inondations graves au cours des années 1998, 2007, 2012 et tout récemment en 2016, 2017 et 2018. Ces inondations ont occasionné de nombreux dégâts matériels : Effondrement d’habitations, des puits, ruptures des digues, perte de bétail, et perte en vies humaines. L’objectif global de l’étude vise à analyser les facteurs de l’augmentation du ruissellement et de la recrudescence des inondations dans cette commune afin de proposer un plan d’évacuation des eaux pluviales. A travers une approche diachronique, il s’agit d’analyser les cartes d’occupation de sol dans le bassin versant de cette ville afin de faire un lien entre celles-ci et l’augmentation de ruissellement et du ravinement. Les données topographiques et géomorphologiques couplées aux observations de terrain, plus les informations collectées auprès des populations de Kantché permettent d’établir une cartographie des zones à risque d’inondation afin de proposer un plan d’évacuation des eaux pluviales efficace. Niger faces very high raise in number of floods resulting from heavy rains. The average passes from two (2) per year before 1990 to over than eight (8) in the years 2000. These occur not only in towns, cities but also in Nigerien rural areas. This study deals with in the town of Kantche in Zinder region with a population of 27,615 people in 2012 and subjected to recurrent floods and sanitation problems in connection with the mismanagement of rain water. The commune has witnessed severe floods in 1998, 2007, 2012 and very recently in 2016, 2017 and 2018 the floods have engendered a number of damages: house and wells collapses, levee ruptures, kettle and even human loss. The overall objective of this study is to analyze factors that enhance the streaming and the recrudescence of floods in that community in to suggest vital solutions. Through this diachronic approach, land occupation maps are analyzed in the town basin in order to establish a link between the land occupation and the high streaming and furrow. Topographic and geomorphological data combined with field observations and information obtained from Kantché populations will enable us to mapping flood risk zone in order to work out an efficient rain water draining map

Lipid profile frequency and the prevalence of dyslipidaemia from biochemical tests at Saint Louis University Hospital in Senegal

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of lipid profile requests and the  prevalence of dyslipidemia in patients at the biochemistry laboratory of St. Louis University Hospital, as well as their correlation with sex and age. Methods: This was a retrospective study reviewing 14,116  laboratory results of patients of both sexes, over a period of six months (January-June 2013) regardless of the indication for the request. The lipid parameters included were: Total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, trig lycerides with normal values defined as follows: Total cholesterol (<2g/l), HDL- cholesterol (>0,40g/l), LDL- cholesterol (<1,30g/l) and Triglycerides (<1,50g/l). Results: The average age of our study population was 55.15 years with a female predorminance (M/F=0.60). The age group most represented was that between 55-64 years. The frequency of lipid profile request in our sample was 9.41% (or 1,329). The overall prevalence of isolated hypercholesterolemia, hyperLDLaemia,  hypoHDLaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, and mixed hyperlipidemia were respectively 60.91%, 66.27%, 26.58%, 4.57% and 2.75%. Hypercholesterolemia, hyperLDLaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia and mixed hyperlipidaemia were higher in women with respectively 66.22%, 67.98%, 4.58%, 2.89% than in men (52.01%, 62.81%, 4.44% and 2.40% respectively). On the other hand, the prevalence of hypoHDLaemia was higher in males (32.19%) compared to females (23.76%). Hypercholesterolemia correlated  significantly with age and sex. Conclusion: Our study showed a relatively low request rate for lipid profile and a high prevalence of dyslipidaemia hence the importance of conducting a major study on the prevalence of dyslipidaemia and associated factors in the Senegalese population.Key words: Lipid profile, dyslipidaemia, prevalence, Senega

Forage resources and animals’ feeding in southern groudnut bassin and eastern regions of Senegal

Rainfall disturbances, a consequence of the effects of climate change, aggravated by anthropogenic pressure on vegetation, are leading to the progressive disappearance of several adapted local plant species in the so-called "groundnut basin" and eastern Senegal. Also, the clearing of land for agriculture potentiates and amplifies this degradation. At this rate, the loss of most of the local plant, forage and forest resources will follow. As part of a multi-species census and collection of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture, an inventory of available forage resources in the groundnut basin and eastern Senegal was made. This inventory was made by field observations triangulated with interview data. The results show that the methods and level of exploitation of natural forage resources and crop residues differ from one area to another. The natural rangeland, which still constitutes the essential part of domestic ruminants feed in these regions, is in continuous degradation. In fact, this rangeland in groundnut basin is not very diversified like southern area, with a low index of quality and volume of pastures. Crop residues are abundant but not very varied. They represent an interest for the breeders of this zone and their sale prices can sometimes exceed those of the harvested products. This is a snapshot of the situation, valid for a given time. This situation is dynamic and can change significantly from one moment to the next. Nevertheless, the results obtained will make it possible to conceive methods of conservation and production of the identified species; in order to identify the best methods of management and sustainable use

Right-heart infective endocarditis: apropos of 10 cases

The prevalence and characteristics of right heart endocarditis in Africa are not well known. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and laboratory profiles of patients with right-heart infective endocarditis. This was a 10-year retrospective study conducted in 2 cardiology departments in Dakar, Senegal. All patients who met the diagnosis of right heart infective endocarditis according to the Duke's criteria were included. We studied the epidemiological, clinical as well as their laboratory profiles. There were 10 cases of right-heart infective endocarditis representing 3.04% of cases of infective endocarditis. There was a valvulopathy in 3 patients, an atrial septal defect in 1 patient, parturiency in 2 patients and the presence of a pacemaker in one patient. Anaemia was present in 9 patients whilst leukocytosis in 6 patients. The port of entry was found to be oral in three cases, ENT in one case and urogenital in two cases. Apart from one patient with vegetations in the tricuspid and pulmonary valves, the rest had localized vegetation only at the tricuspid valve. However, blood culture was positive in only three patients. There was a favorable outcome after antibiotic treatment in 4 patients with others having complications; three cases of renal impairment, two cases of heart failure and one case of pulmonary embolism. There was one mortality. Right heart infective endocarditis is rare but associated with potentially fatal complications.Pan African Medical Journal 2015; 2

Pseudo tumor tuberculosis of the uterine cervix: about a case at the colposcopy and cervico vaginal pathologies unit of the University hospital Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal

Tuberculosis is still common in developing countries and particularly in sub-Saharan Africa since the advent of the HIV/AIDS. Genital tuberculosis usually affects young women in genital activity period. The most frequent locations are tubal, endometrial and ovarian. The cervical location is rare. We report on the case of a 36 years old patient with eight pregnancies and eight deliveries who lives in a rural area and has got in her history 8 vaginal deliveries with four living children and 4 dead children and who was referred by a colleague for a "tumor of the uterine cervix". In her medical history, there was a BCG vaccination during childhood and she had never received Pap smear. The colposcopy revealed an ulcerating budding tumor of the cervix with necrotic areas. The colposcopy biopsy revealed fibrocaseous tuberculosis of the uterine cervix. Tuberculosis is still a common disease in developing countries. The cervical localization is rare but should be considered in case of an ulcerating tumor budding of the cervix

Intégration horticulture ‑ élevage dans les systèmes agricoles urbains de la zone des Niayes (Sénégal)

Les contre‑performances de l'agriculture rurale et le déficit alimentaire encouragent depuis plusieurs décennies le développement d'une activité agricole urbaine et péri urbaine dont les principaux domaines sont l'horticulture et l'élevage. La contribution de cette agriculture urbaine à l'approvisionnement des villes est mal connue au Sénégal. Les rares sources disponibles indiquent que Dakar a lui seul prend 40% de la demande totale de légumes du Sénégal et cette région couvre plus de 60 % d..

Assessment of the quality of the management of childbirth by vaginal delivery in 5 reference maternity clinics in Dakar, Senegal

Background: The current strategy to fight maternal and perinatal mortalities is mainly based on three pillars: family planning, skilled delivery and emergency obstetric and neonatal cares. The objective of the study was to assess the quality of the management of low-risk deliveries in 5 reference maternity clinics in the region of Dakar.             Methods: This is an observation-based multicentric, prospective and descriptive study, carried out over a four-month period, from September 1st to December 31st, 2012, in 5 reference maternity hospitals in the region of Dakar. For each delivery, the focus was put on parturient socio-demographic features, the surveillance techniques of the labour, the handling of the exit and delivery phases, materno-fetal complications but also on the new-born care. To assess the quality of childbirth management, a comparison between the practices was made and observed on the field and the World Health Organization's recommendations which fall into 4 categories (A, B, C and D) depending on the appropriateness or not of their use. For data input and analysis, we used the 13.0 version of the SPSS software. Results: During the study period, 200 childbirths were observed. The epidemiologic profile used for this study was that of a literate woman with a low record of childbirth who was 27 on average with a mean parity of 3. Forty seven percent of childbirth deliveries were observed in Roi Baudouin hospital centre. The A-category recommendations of the World Health Organization, such as the consumption of drinks, mobility during labour, the use of a partograph, the active management of the third stage of labour (AMTSL) and the examination of the placenta were applied in 22.5%, 86.2%, 23.4%, 100% and 23.4% of cases respectively. As for the B-category recommendations, which recommend the removal of those practices deemed harmful such as the back position during labour, the placement of an intravenous line and the oxytocin infusion, they were carried out in 91.84%, 98.08% and 7.28% of cases respectively. C and D categories which deal with non-recommended practices such as the use of abdominal expressions during labour and episiotomy were used in 47.6% and 39.7% of cases respectively.Conclusions: In our study, the most followed A-category recommendations from the WHO are: encouraged mobility, the use of single-use equipment, AMTSL and skin-on-skin contact. However, some B, C and D-category practices are still widely used in our maternity hospitals. The health authorities should make sure that the WHO recommendations are followed

Foetal instrumental extractions (IE) at the maternity at Nabil Choucair Health Center (Senegal) from 2005 to 2016: epidemio-clinical and prognostic aspects

Background: The main objective was to take stock of practices on instrumental extractions at the maternity of Nabil Choucair Health Center.Methods: This was a prospective, descriptive study from 1 January 2005 to 31 April 2016. The collection was carried out through the data sheet completed on the basis of an analysis of files, the delivery register and the anaesthesia register of the operating room. The data was entered using the Sphinx software version 5 and the data analysis performed by Epi info version 3.5.Results: 240 instrumental extraction cases were compiled, and their frequency was 0.4%. The mean age of patients was 24.8 years. Obstetric vacuum was the most commonly used instrument (66.4%) and an episiotomy was performed in 73.6%. Maternal complications were dominated by simple perineal tears (6.2%).Conclusions: Instrumental extractions should be rehabilitated in our maternity facilities to combat the outbreak of the caesarean section. Instrumental extractions indications and techniques should be controlled to avoid complication