A Visual Identity-Based Approach of Southeast Asian City Branding: A Netnography Analysis

Cities and places had been progressively being marketed as brands by using the concept of ‘City Branding\u27, which is a unique idea. The scholars of ‘City Branding’ believed that the concept of branding helps the city in marketing activities. A city metaphorically could be seen as an entity given the advantage to display its visual characteristics to tourists, visitors, and residents. Unique visual identity such as iconic architecture and graphic design could make a city stands out from the others. Thus, the research examined the role of visual identity in city branding. Specifically, the aim was to contribute to better understanding of the concept of ‘visual identity’ in Southeast Asian cities. Netnography approach was employed to gain better understanding of the notion of visual identity of city branding and refine a conceptual framework that has been developed based on the existing literature. Elements such as iconic structure and graphic design (logo and slogan) of four cities in Southeastern Asia were emphasized. The research concludes that the components of the visual identity of the cities need to be reshaped to be aligned with their visual characteristics in order to boost their competitiveness among the global city brands

Rethinking the Role of Intellectual Property Rights in Pharmaceutical Industry of Saudi Arabia

7-14This article attempts to analyze the role of pharmaceutical industry intellectual property rights and comparison of Saudi Arabia with other watch list and non-watch list countries according to the US trade representative Special 301 Report. Time series data (2001-2020) is used to compare and analyze the data using simple regression. Also, Covariance analysis and least square method are used to compare the data of other countries with Saudi Arabia. It was found that there is significant impact of the Saudi pharmaceutical industry on the GDP, and it has also developed its IPRs, patents, trademarks, and trade secrets. Macroeconomic outcomes are strongly tied to the enforcement of IP laws in both watch list and non-watch list countries. Therefore, it is important to underline the differences in IPR in these countries. This will help us to test whether empirical results at macro-level -that are alleged to be led by the stronger or weak IP laws – hold in the actual IP Law enforcements. In this paper, we investigate the differences and similarities in IP laws in these selected countries

UBT Innovation Campus, at night

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Mapping the Knowledge Structure and Unveiling the Research Trends in Social Entrepreneurship and Inclusive Development: A Bibliometric Analysis

Several kinds of research from both global and local perspectives have discussed social entrepreneurship and inclusive development. Accordingly, this article aims to highlight the key contributors (authors, institutions, countries, journals) and knowledge structure (co-authorship analysis and cooccurrence-of-keyword analysis) of this research domain. Utilizing the bibliographic data of 300 articles extracted from the Scopus database, we primarily employed Biblioshiny software, resulting in 673 authors from 69 different countries and 496 different institutions. Furthermore, the yearly publication of the 300 documents rose from 1 in 1996 to 24 in 2022, with an average age of 6.08 years and a citation rate of 13.79 yearly. Remarkably, the number of publications on this subject accelerated in 2014. According to the study’s findings, the most productive country in line with research publishing is the USA. The most productive institution has been recognized as the Amrita School of Engineering. The most active author is reported to be Kadol N. The most prolific journal is Entrepreneurship and Regional Development. In addition to this, the top three most frequent terms are ‘social development’, ‘economic development’ and ‘entrepreneur. ‘Social entrepreneurship’, ‘social and economic effects’, ‘sustainable development’ and ‘social development’ are the latest keywords in this field that predict future trends. Taken collectively, this review is an expedient resource for gaining a thorough grasp of the state of the art and prospective routes for future research

Influence of perceptual and demographic factors on the likelihood of becoming social entrepreneurs in Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, and United Arab Emirates – an empirical analysis

AbstractA growing body of literature contributes to empirical examination of social entrepreneurship (S-ENT) intention formation. However, the extant literature overlooks the influence of perceptual factors in explaining the individual’s propensity to engage in S-ENT. Drawing on this gap and taking as starting point the literature on cognitive entrepreneurship, the study aims to identify and examine the influence of individual perceptual factors on the likelihood of becoming a social entrepreneur. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect the data on adult population from three Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. The results of binomial logistic regression revealed the role of five individual perceptions (confidence in one’s skills and knowledge, ability to perceive opportunities, knowing other social entrepreneurs, fear of failure, and perceived social passion) as influencing the likelihood of becoming a social entrepreneur. Additionally, the economic and demographic variables were also analyzed to reveal the significant differences. While addressing the shortcomings of previous studies, the results provided the groundwork for furthering research on S-ENT intentions and behavior in any similar context, thus providing the factors that need to be focused for enhancing the culture of S-ENT

Estimating Implicit and Explicit Gender Leadership Bias among Primary Healthcare Professionals in Saudi Arabia

(1) Background: Women have become more influential and powerful; however, implicit bias continues to plague organizations when it comes to women in leadership positions. This study examines the implicit and explicit biases that favor men as leaders among Saudi Arabian primary healthcare professionals. (2) Methods: A secure, web-based survey was administered to primary healthcare professionals. The survey included questions about leadership as well as an Implicit Association Test (IAT) for implicit gender bias. (3) Results: Out of 690 eligible, 448 respondents completed the survey, representing a response rate of 65%. Male residents had a mean IAT score of 0.27 (SD 0.31) and females 0.12 (SD 0.29), both favoring males in leadership roles, and the difference was statistically significant. There was a significant association between gender and gender IAT. In the explicit bias, gender, education, gender of the current manager, and being manager were associated with the gender explicit bias. Explicit bias favoring males in leadership roles was associated with increased implicit bias favoring males in leadership roles. (4) Conclusions: This study found that explicit and implicit gender bias is present among primary healthcare professionals favoring men in leadership positions held by both men and women