Optimizing One Fair Document Exchange Protocol

This paper presents an efficient fair document exchange protocol. The exchange of the documents will be between two parties. The protocol is based on the verifiable and recoverable encryption of a document's key. This verifiable and recoverable encryption of the document's key will allow one party to verify the encrypted key. It will also ensure this party that the Semi Trusted Third Party will be able to recover the key if the other party misbehaves. The protocol also incorporates the concept of enforcing the honesty of one party. The proposed protocol consists of only three messages and is more efficient than related protocols.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figures, Journal articl

Challenges of Implementing Agile Methodology in the Jordanian Banking Sector

Traditional banking operations must be changed because financial industry dynamics and customer demands have started to transform the market. Financial institutions use Agile methods which were created for software development to increase operational efficiency while boosting customer satisfaction levels. Multiple challenges persist for Jordanian banks when they attempt to implement Agile methodologies. The main obstacle stems from employees who resist change. Regulatory demands together with the intricate nature of system integration prove to be big obstacles for organizations. Several banking institutions across the industry encounter difficulties due to limited Agile proficiency among their staff. The implementation process faces various barriers because of workplace hierarchy structures. This research combines interviews with banking experts and surveys to study Agile implementation in Jordanian banks through a mixed-methods approach. The study identifies important barriers that lead to proposed solutions including professional training for selected positions as well as top-level executive backing and stepwise rollouts. The solutions to these problems will enable Jordanian banks to gain agility and competitiveness as well as innovation potential. The study advances knowledge about Agile adoption in literature while presenting usable recommendations for financial institutions. Survey results show resistance to change was the highest barrier at 75% of Jordanian banking employees, then followed by insufficient training as the highest issue at 50%. Moreover, 45% of the participants struggled to implement Agile with existing banking systems​. These remarks highlight formal Agile transformation approaches, including specialized training programs and executive-level sponsorship

Advancing Cloud Adoption in the Saudi Public Sector: Challenges, Global Insights, and Strategic Policy Recommendations

Cloud computing has become a cornerstone of digital transformation strategies in the public sector, offering government entities scalable infrastructure, cost efficiency, and enhanced service delivery. In Saudi Arabia, adopting cloud technologies is a national priority aligned with Vision 2030, aiming to modernize government operations and increase digital agility. However, the transition to cloud environments within government institutions faces several challenges. This paper examines the key barriers to cloud computing adoption in Saudi Arabia's governmental sector. These include data governance concerns, cybersecurity requirements, organizational readiness gaps, and rigid procurement models. Through a comprehensive analysis of national frameworks and sector-specific studies, the paper highlights the root causes of slow adoption and identifies opportunities for improvement. The study also draws comparative insights from global practices, offering lessons that can inform local strategies. Based on the findings, practical recommendations are proposed to support more effective cloud adoption in the Kingdom's public sector. These focus on governance enhancement, capacity building, policy alignment, and fostering a cloud-positive culture within institutions

Rousing Vocabulary: A Pioneering Approach to Stimulate Learners to Acquire EFL

For English as a Foreign Language students, it might be challenging to acquire vocabulary in particular. To give students a hand overcoming possible vocabulary acquisition difficulties, this study aimed at addressing the term Rousing Vocabulary, identifying its features and specifying its types as well. To quickly and deeply get the essential information to answer the two research questions, a questionnaire was used as a data collection tool. To design the questionnaire, the researcher held two 5-member focus groups of Saudi university students and one 4-member focus group of specialists. The three groups were asked to specify the main potential features and types of Rousing Vocabulary. The items invented were assembled, constructed, and used for the required questionnaire. The survey's validity and reliability were taken into account while evaluating the questionnaire's accuracy and consistency. One main result revealed that all participants agreed with the impression of having such features of Rousing Vocabulary. Among 5 potential features reached, the participants have a stronger experience with “Words that learners enjoy hearing and saying” and “Words that arouse strong feelings and are highly expressive”. Another main result showed that the vast majority agreed with the impression of having potential types of Rousing Vocabulary. Among 5 potential types of Rousing Vocabulary reached, the participants thought that “Words that belong to an area of interest” and “Frequently used words” had a higher potential ability to help students acquire new words easily. Some interpretations were discussed, and based on the study's findings, several recommendations were made

Challenges of Implementing Agile Methodology in the Jordanian Banking Sector

Traditional banking operations must change because financial industry dynamics and customer demands have started to transform the market. Financial institutions use Agile methods which were created for software development to increase operational efficiency while boosting customer satisfaction levels. Jordanian banks face various obstacles in Agile implementation which stem from banking employees' resistance to change and from regulatory requirements and legacy system integration complexities as well as low Agile skill levels within banking organizations. Decision-making patterns that enforce hierarchy act as an obstacle to the implementation process. This research combines interviews of banking experts and surveys to study Agile implementation in Jordanian banks through a mixed-methods approach. The study identifies important barriers that lead to proposed solutions including professional training for selected positions as well as top-level executive backing and stepwise rollouts. The solutions to these problems will enable Jordanian banks to gain agility and competitiveness as well as innovation potential. The study advances knowledge about Agile adoption in literature while presenting usable recommendations for financial institutions. Survey results show resistance to change was the highest barrier at 75% of Jordanian banking employees, then followed by insufficient training as the highest issue at 50%. Moreover, 45% of the participants struggled to implement Agile with existing banking systems​. These remarks highlight formal Agile transformation approaches, including specialized training programs and executive-level sponsorship

Advancing Cloud Adoption in the Saudi Public Sector: Challenges, Global Insights, and Strategic Policy Recommendations

Cloud computing has become a cornerstone of digital transformation strategies in the public sector, offering government entities scalable infrastructure, cost efficiency, and enhanced service delivery. In Saudi Arabia, adopting cloud technologies is a national priority aligned with Vision 2030, aiming to modernize government operations and increase digital agility. However, the transition to cloud environments within government institutions faces several challenges. This paper examines the key barriers to cloud computing adoption in Saudi Arabia's governmental sector. These include data governance concerns, cybersecurity requirements, organizational readiness gaps, and rigid procurement models. Through a comprehensive analysis of national frameworks and sector-specific studies, the paper highlights the root causes of slow adoption and identifies opportunities for improvement. The study also draws comparative insights from global practices, offering lessons that can inform local strategies. Based on the findings, practical recommendations are proposed to support more effective cloud adoption in the Kingdom's public sector. These focus on governance enhancement, capacity building, policy alignment, and fostering a cloud-positive culture within institutions

Challenges of Implementing Agile Methodology in the Jordanian Banking Sector

Traditional banking operations must change because financial industry dynamics and customer demands have started to transform the market. Financial institutions use Agile methods which were created for software development to increase operational efficiency while boosting customer satisfaction levels. Jordanian banks face various obstacles in Agile implementation which stem from banking employees' resistance to change and from regulatory requirements and legacy system integration complexities as well as low Agile skill levels within banking organizations. Decision-making patterns that enforce hierarchy act as an obstacle to the implementation process. This research combines interviews of banking experts and surveys to study Agile implementation in Jordanian banks through a mixed-methods approach. The study identifies important barriers that lead to proposed solutions including professional training for selected positions as well as top-level executive backing and stepwise rollouts. The solutions to these problems will enable Jordanian banks to gain agility and competitiveness as well as innovation potential. The study advances knowledge about Agile adoption in literature while presenting usable recommendations for financial institutions. Survey results show resistance to change was the highest barrier at 75% of Jordanian banking employees, then followed by insufficient training as the highest issue at 50%. Moreover, 45% of the participants struggled to implement Agile with existing banking systems​. These remarks highlight formal Agile transformation approaches, including specialized training programs and executive-level sponsorship

Advancing Cloud Adoption in the Saudi Public Sector: Challenges, Global Insights, and Strategic Policy Recommendations

Cloud computing has become a cornerstone of digital transformation strategies in the public sector, offering government entities scalable infrastructure, cost efficiency, and enhanced service delivery. In Saudi Arabia, adopting cloud technologies is a national priority aligned with Vision 2030, aiming to modernize government operations and increase digital agility. However, the transition to cloud environments within government institutions faces several challenges. This paper explores the key barriers to cloud computing adoption in Saudi Arabia's governmental sector. These include data governance concerns, cybersecurity requirements, organizational readiness gaps, and rigid procurement models. Through a comprehensive analysis of national frameworks and sector-specific studies, the paper uncovers the root causes of slow adoption and identifies opportunities for improvement. The study also draws comparative insights from global practices, offering lessons that can inform local strategies. Based on the findings, it proposes practical recommendations to support more effective cloud adoption in the Kingdom's public sector. These focus on governance enhancement, capacity building, policy alignment, and fostering a cloud-positive culture within institutions