Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of Astragalus echinops and Astragalus logopodioides ethanolic extracts on paracetamol-induced liver injury in rats

Background: Paracetamol (PCM) has an adequate safety profile when taken in normal doses. However, it could produce oxidative stress with liver injury when taken in an overdose. Plants of Astragalus genus (F. Fabaceae) are of wide-spread applications. Astragalus echinops (A. echinops) and Astragalus logopodioides (A. logopodioides) were tested for their potential hepatoprotective activities against liver injury induced by PCM in rats.Material and Methods: Seven groups of rats were used for determination of hepatoprotective activities of the extracts. The normal and hepatotoxic control groups received the vehicle while other groups were treated with silymarin (100 mg/ kg), A. echinops (250 and 500 mg/kg) and A. logopodioides (250 and 500 mg/ kg), respectively for seven days. Liver injury was induced on the 5th day by oral dosing of PCM (2g/kg) to all rats except those in normal control group. Moreover, the in vitro antioxidant activities of A. echinops and A. logopodioides extracts were tested using 2,2- diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging.Results: Hepatic enzyme markers as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and glutamyl transferase and level of total bilirubin were significantly elevated, while total protein and albumin were declined significantly in PCM-exposed animals. The liver antioxidant markers like the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase and the levels of reduced glutathione were significantly declined, while hepatic malondialdehyde levels were significantly increased in PCM alone-treated rats. Administration of A. echinops (250 and 500 mg/kg) and A. logopodioides (500 mg/ kg) extracts prior to PCM, significantly protected against the elevation in the serum activities of hepatic enzymes and bilirubin and reduced oxidative stress. The hepatoprotective effect of both extracts was further confirmed by histological findings in the liver tissue. In addition, both extracts displayed in vitro antioxidant activities in a concentration-dependent way.Conclusion: Our results suggest that both extracts protect the liver against oxidative damage and they could be used as effective hepatoprotectives against PCM induced liver injury.Keywords: Astragalus, Paracetamol, Hepatotoxicity, Hepatoprotective, DPPH, Antioxidan

ANTIOXIDANT AND HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF ASTRAGALUS ECHINOPS AND ASTRAGALUS LOGOPODIOIDES ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS ON PARACETAMOL-INDUCED LIVER INJURY IN RATS

Background: Paracetamol (PCM) has an adequate safety profile when taken in normal doses. However, it could produce oxidative stress with liver injury when taken in an overdose. Plants of Astragalus genus (F. Fabaceae) are of wide-spread applications. Astragalus echinops (A. echinops) and Astragalus logopodioides (A. logopodioides) were tested for their potential hepatoprotective activities against liver injury induced by PCM in rats. Material and Methods: Seven groups of rats were used for determination of hepatoprotective activities of the extracts. The normal and hepatotoxic control groups received the vehicle while other groups were treated with silymarin (100 mg/ kg), A. echinops (250 and 500 mg/kg) and A. logopodioides (250 and 500 mg/ kg), respectively for seven days. Liver injury was induced on the 5th day by oral dosing of PCM (2g/kg) to all rats except those in normal control group. Moreover, the in vitro antioxidant activities of A. echinops and A. logopodioides extracts were tested using 2,2- diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging. Results: Hepatic enzyme markers as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and glutamyl transferase and level of total bilirubin were significantly elevated, while total protein and albumin were declined significantly in PCM-exposed animals. The liver antioxidant markers like the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase and the levels of reduced glutathione were significantly declined, while hepatic malondialdehyde levels were significantly increased in PCM alone-treated rats. Administration of A. echinops (250 and 500 mg/kg) and A. logopodioides (500 mg/ kg) extracts prior to PCM, significantly protected against the elevation in the serum activities of hepatic enzymes and bilirubin and reduced oxidative stress. The hepatoprotective effect of both extracts was further confirmed by histological findings in the liver tissue. In addition, both extracts displayed in vitro antioxidant activities in a concentration-dependent way. Conclusion: Our results suggest that both extracts protect the liver against oxidative damage and they could be used as effective hepatoprotectives against PCM induced liver injury

Cephalaria transsylvanica L. 'nin minör terpenik glikozidlerinin yapılarının aydınlatılması

Bu tezin, veri tabanı üzerinden yayınlanma izni bulunmamaktadır. Yayınlanma izni olmayan tezlerin basılı kopyalarına Üniversite kütüphaneniz aracılığıyla (TÜBESS üzerinden) erişebilirsiniz.ABSTRACT One free nor-triterpene(I) and three neutral bisdezmozidic triterpene glycosides (II, III, IV) were isolated from dried flowers of Cephalaria Transsylvanica. After spectroscopic, chemical and chromatographic analysis; their structures were identified as below: The structure of nor- triterpene (I) was found to be; 3p-23-dihydroxy-17(18)-en-28-nor-oleanan, The structure of Cephalaria Glycoside A (II) was found to be; 3-0-{[a-L-arabinopyranosyl(l - >2)-a-L-arabinopyranosylH28-0-{3-D-gluco- pyranosyl] }-3f5-hydroksi-12(13)-oleanene-28-oic acid, The structure of Cephalaria Glycoside B (III) was found to be; 3-0-{[P-D-xylopyranosyl(l - >4)a-L-rhamnopyranosyl(l - >2)-P-D-xylopyra- nosyl]-[28-0-P-D-glucopyranosyl]}-3P,23-dihydroxy-12(13)-oleanene-28-oicacid, Finally, the structure of Cephalaria Glycoside C (TV) was found to be; 3-0-{[|3-D-glucopyranosyl(l - >4)-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl(l - ^>4)-P-D-xylopy- ranosyl]-[28-0-p,-D-glucopyranosyl]}-3p,23-dihydroxy-12(13)-oleanene-28-oic acid. mABSTRAKT Cephalaria Transsylvanica L.'nin kurutulmuş çiçeklerinden; bir serbest nor-triterpen (I) ve üç nötral bisdezmozidik triterpen glikozid (II.III.IV) izole edildi. Spektroskopik, kimyasal ve kromatografik analizler sonucu; Nor-triterpenin(T) yapısı; 3pV23-dihidroksi-(17)-18-en-28-nor-oleanan, Cephalaria glikozid A (II) nın yapısı; 3-0-{[a-L-arabinopiranozil(l - >2)-a-L-arabinopiranozil]-[28-0-p-D-glukopi- ranozil] }-3|3-hidroksi-12(13)-oleanen-28-oik asit, Cephalaria glikozid B (III) nin yapısı; 3-0- { [j3-D-ksilopiranozil(l - >4)-a-L-rarnnopiranozil(l - ^>2)-P-D-ksilopirano- zil]-[28-0-P-D-glukopiranozil]}-3P,23-dihidroksi-12(13)-oleanen-28-oikasit, Cephalaria glikozid C (TV) nin yapısı; 3-0-{[pVD-glukopiranozil(l - >4)-a-L-rarnnopiranozil(l - >4)-P-D-ksilopira- nozil]-[28-0-P-D-glukopiranozil] }-3p,23-dihidroksi-12(13)-oleanen-28-oik asit ola rak belirlendi.

Saponins from Astragalus hareftae (NAB.) SIRJ.

WOS: 000311260100017PubMed ID: 22925830Four cycloartane- (hareftosides A-D) and oleanane-type triterpenoids (hareftoside E) were isolated from Astragalus hareftae along with fifteen known compounds. Structures of the compounds were established as 3,6-di-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-3 beta,6 alpha, 16 beta,24(S),25-pentahydroxycycloartane (1), 3,6,24-tri-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-3 beta,6 alpha,16 beta,24(S),25-pentahydroxycycloartane (2), 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-3 beta,6 alpha,16 beta,25-tetrahydroxy-20(R),25(S)-epoxycycloartane (3), 16-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-3 beta,6 alpha,16 beta,25-tetrahydroxy-20(R), 24(S)-epoxycycloartane (4), 3-O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 -> 2)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 -> 2)-O-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl]-soyasapogenol B (5) by the extensive use of 1D- and 2D-NMR experiments along with ESI-MS and HR-MS analyses. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.TUBITAKTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [109T425]; EBILTEMEge University [2010/BIL/008]; Ege University Research FoundationEge University [2009 Fen 090]The authors are grateful to TUBITAK (109T425), EBILTEM (2010/BIL/008) and also Ege University Research Foundation (2009 Fen 090) for financial support

Secondary metabolites from astragalus lycius and their cytotoxic activities

Eight known secondary metabolites were isolated from the methanolic extract of the whole plant of Astragalus lycius Boiss. They were identified as 5,5'-dihydroxy-3'-methoxy-isoflavone-7-O-β-D-glucoside (1), genistin (2), sissotrin (3), 5,4'-dimethoxy-isoflavone-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), (7S,8R)-5-methoxydehydrodiconiferyl alcohol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), 4-O-lariciresinol-glucoside (6), 2-phenylethyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (7) and β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8) by spectroscopic methods including 1H- and 13C-NMR and HR-MS experiments, and by comparison with literature values. Compounds 1-7 are reported for the first time from Astragalus taxa. All of the compounds were tested for their cytotoxic activities against a number of cancer cell lines. Among them, only 6 exhibited significant activity against human colon carcinoma (HT-29) at 2.69 μM concentration.TUBITAK (109T425); Ege University Research Foundation (2009 Fen 090); EBILTEM (2010/BIL/008

Cycloartane Glycosides from Astragalus erinaceus

One new cycloartane-type saponin, 3-O-[ β -D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 2)- β -D-xylopyranosyl]-6-O- β -D-glucuronopyranosyl-3 β ,6 α ,16 β ,24(S),25- pentahydroxyxyxloartane (1) was isolated from the MeOH extract of whole plant parts of Astragalus erinaceus along with 5 known saponins (2-6), cyclodissectoside, cycloastragenol, 6-O- β -D-glucopyranosyl-3 β ,6 α ,16 β ,24(S),25-pentahydroxycycloartane, oleifolioside B and 3,6-di-O- β -D-xylopyranosyl-3 β ,6 α ,16 β ,24(S),25-pentahydroxycycloartane, respectively. Their structures were established by the extensive use of 1D- and 2D-NMR experiments along with ESIMS and HRMS analysis. The glucuronic acid moiety in cycloartanes is a very unusual finding

Triterpene saponins from Nigella sativa L.

Three known triterpene glycosides were isolated from the MeOH extract of dried and powdered seeds of Nigella sativa. The structures of the compounds were established as 3-O-[$\beta$-D-xylopyranosyl-$(1\rightarrow 3)$-$\alpha$- L-rhamnopyranosyl-($1\rightarrow 2$)-$\alpha$-L-arabinopyranosyl]-28-O-[$\alpha$-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1\rightarrow 4)-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl- (1\rightarrow 6)-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl]-hederagenin (1), 3-O-[$\alpha$-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1\rightarrow 2)-$\alpha$-L-arabinopyranosyl]- 28-O-[$\alpha$-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1\rightarrow 4)-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl-(1\rightarrow 6)-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl]-hederagenin (2), and 3-O-[$\beta$-D-xylopyranosyl-(1\rightarrow 3)-$\alpha$-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1\rightarrow 2)-$\alpha$-L-arabinopyranosyl] -hederagenin (3) by means of chemical and spectral methods. Compound 2 was isolated for the first time from the genus Nigella.Three known triterpene glycosides were isolated from the MeOH extract of dried and powdered seeds of Nigella sativa. The structures of the compounds were established as 3-O-[$\beta$-D-xylopyranosyl-$(1\rightarrow 3)$-$\alpha$- L-rhamnopyranosyl-($1\rightarrow 2$)-$\alpha$-L-arabinopyranosyl]-28-O-[$\alpha$-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1\rightarrow 4)-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl- (1\rightarrow 6)-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl]-hederagenin (1), 3-O-[$\alpha$-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1\rightarrow 2)-$\alpha$-L-arabinopyranosyl]- 28-O-[$\alpha$-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1\rightarrow 4)-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl-(1\rightarrow 6)-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl]-hederagenin (2), and 3-O-[$\beta$-D-xylopyranosyl-(1\rightarrow 3)-$\alpha$-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1\rightarrow 2)-$\alpha$-L-arabinopyranosyl] -hederagenin (3) by means of chemical and spectral methods. Compound 2 was isolated for the first time from the genus Nigella