Towards self-optimizing and self-adaptive milling processes

This paper presents a novel control architecture system which is composed of a multi-objective cost function which Pareto optimises the programming of cutting parameters while adapting the milling process to new cutting conditions if new constraints appear. The paper combines a self-optimised module which looks for and finds Pareto optimal cutting parameters according to multi-objective purposes and, a multi-estimation adaptive control module which keeps the cutting forces under prescribed upper safety limits independently of programmed cutting conditions and material properties while maintaining the performance of the process. A supervised controller acts as decision support-software to automatically switch to best performance tracking adaptive controller among those available at each required time

Crystal structure of methyl N-ferrocenylcarbamate

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Fe(C5H5)(C7H8NO2)], contains two independent molecules consisting of a ferrocenyl moiety and a nitrogen-bound methyl carbamate. These units are almost perpendicular to each other, making dihedral angles of 87.74 (9) and 87.32 (8)°. In each independent molecule, the cyclopentadienyl rings deviate slightly from an eclipsed conformation and lie virtually parallel [dihedral angles = 1.42 (15) and 0.49 (13)°]. In the crystal, molecules are linked by N—H...O hydrogen bonds into chains along the a-axis direction

Small power load disaggregation in office buildings based on electrical signature classification

This paper assesses the application of Non-Intrusive Appliance Load Monitoring (NIALM) methods for disaggregating electricity consumption in office buildings. The focus of the research is on small power equipment, which can represent up to 50% of the electricity use in buildings fitted with high efficiency building services. Research in this field has led to numerous algorithms being developed for use with NIALM systems, however, due to the highly variable nature of electrical appliances no suitable common characteristic has been identified for disaggregation. This paper presents an analysis of a set of electrical signatures based on transient and current-voltage phase shift during steady-state conditions for which subsets of the signatures are considered for identifying different small power loads. The ability of this approach to disaggregate appliance loads is demonstrated with the idea of applying disaggregation techniques during energy audits of office buildings

General Bound on the Rate of Decoherence

We establish the necessary and sufficient conditions for a quantum system to be stable under any general system-environment interaction. Quantum systems are stable when the time-derivative of their purity is zero. This stability provides a dynamical explanation of the classicality of measurement apparatus. We also propose a protocol to detect global quantum correlations using only local dynamical information. We show how quantum correlations to the environment provide bounds to the purity rate, which in turn can be used to estimate dissipation rates for general non-Markovian open quantum systems.Chemistry and Chemical Biolog

GENFIRE: A generalized Fourier iterative reconstruction algorithm for high-resolution 3D imaging

Tomography has made a radical impact on diverse fields ranging from the study of 3D atomic arrangements in matter to the study of human health in medicine. Despite its very diverse applications, the core of tomography remains the same, that is, a mathematical method must be implemented to reconstruct the 3D structure of an object from a number of 2D projections. In many scientific applications, however, the number of projections that can be measured is limited due to geometric constraints, tolerable radiation dose and/or acquisition speed. Thus it becomes an important problem to obtain the best-possible reconstruction from a limited number of projections. Here, we present the mathematical implementation of a tomographic algorithm, termed GENeralized Fourier Iterative REconstruction (GENFIRE). By iterating between real and reciprocal space, GENFIRE searches for a global solution that is concurrently consistent with the measured data and general physical constraints. The algorithm requires minimal human intervention and also incorporates angular refinement to reduce the tilt angle error. We demonstrate that GENFIRE can produce superior results relative to several other popular tomographic reconstruction techniques by numerical simulations, and by experimentally by reconstructing the 3D structure of a porous material and a frozen-hydrated marine cyanobacterium. Equipped with a graphical user interface, GENFIRE is freely available from our website and is expected to find broad applications across different disciplines.Comment: 18 pages, 6 figure

Identification of antisense nucleic acid hybridization sites in mRNA molecules with self-quenching fluorescent reporter molecules

We describe a physical mRNA mapping strategy employing fluorescent self-quenching reporter molecules (SQRMs) that facilitates the identification of mRNA sequence accessible for hybridization with antisense nucleic acids in vitro and in vivo, real time. SQRMs are 20–30 base oligodeoxynucleotides with 5–6 bp complementary ends to which a 5′ fluorophore and 3′ quenching group are attached. Alone, the SQRM complementary ends form a stem that holds the fluorophore and quencher in contact. When the SQRM forms base pairs with its target, the structure separates the fluorophore from the quencher. This event can be reported by fluorescence emission when the fluorophore is excited. The stem–loop of the SQRM suggests that SQRM be made to target natural stem–loop structures formed during mRNA synthesis. The general utility of this method is demonstrated by SQRM identification of targetable sequence within c-myb and bcl-6 mRNA. Corresponding antisense oligonucleotides reduce these gene products in cells

Multiplicity in Early Stellar Evolution

Observations from optical to centimeter wavelengths have demonstrated that multiple systems of two or more bodies is the norm at all stellar evolutionary stages. Multiple systems are widely agreed to result from the collapse and fragmentation of cloud cores, despite the inhibiting influence of magnetic fields. Surveys of Class 0 protostars with mm interferometers have revealed a very high multiplicity frequency of about 2/3, even though there are observational difficulties in resolving close protobinaries, thus supporting the possibility that all stars could be born in multiple systems. Near-infrared adaptive optics observations of Class I protostars show a lower binary frequency relative to the Class 0 phase, a declining trend that continues through the Class II/III stages to the field population. This loss of companions is a natural consequence of dynamical interplay in small multiple systems, leading to ejection of members. We discuss observational consequences of this dynamical evolution, and its influence on circumstellar disks, and we review the evolution of circumbinary disks and their role in defining binary mass ratios. Special attention is paid to eclipsing PMS binaries, which allow for observational tests of evolutionary models of early stellar evolution. Many stars are born in clusters and small groups, and we discuss how interactions in dense stellar environments can significantly alter the distribution of binary separations through dissolution of wider binaries. The binaries and multiples we find in the field are the survivors of these internal and external destructive processes, and we provide a detailed overview of the multiplicity statistics of the field, which form a boundary condition for all models of binary evolution. Finally we discuss various formation mechanisms for massive binaries, and the properties of massive trapezia.Comment: Accepted for publication as a chapter in Protostars and Planets VI, University of Arizona Press (2014), eds. H. Beuther, R. Klessen, C. Dullemond, Th. Hennin

Magnetic nanosensors optimized for rapid and reversible self-assembly

Magnetic nanoparticle-based sensors for MRI have been accelerated to a timescale of seconds using densely-functionalized particles of small size. Parameters that increase response rates also result in large nuclear magnetic relaxation rate and light scattering changes, allowing signals to be detected almost immediately after changes in calcium concentration.United States. National Institutes of Health (DP2-OD2114)United States. National Institutes of Health (R01-DA28299)United States. National Institutes of Health (R01-NS76462

SAVASA project @ TRECVID 2012: interactive surveillance event detection

In this paper we describe our participation in the interactive surveillance event detection task at TRECVid 2012. The system we developed was comprised of individual classifiers brought together behind a simple video search interface that enabled users to select relevant segments based on down~sampled animated gifs. Two types of user -- `experts' and `end users' -- performed the evaluations. Due to time constraints we focussed on three events -- ObjectPut, PersonRuns and Pointing -- and two of the five available cameras (1 and 3). Results from the interactive runs as well as discussion of the performance of the underlying retrospective classifiers are presented