Speech Communication

Contains research objectives, summary of research and reports on one research project.U. S. Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories under Contract F19628-69-C-0044National Institutes of Health (Grant 2 ROl NB-04332-08)Joint Services Electronics Programs (U. S. Army, U. S. Navy, and U. S. Air Force) under Contract DA 28-043-AMC-02536(E

Alternative splicing increases GABA A receptor heterogeneity

No abstract available

Isolation and characterization of the 5? end of the chicken ?-aminobutyric acid A receptor ? 1-subunit gene

No abstract available

Isolation and sequence analysis of the chicken GABAa receptor ?1-subunit gene promoter

A genomic clone containing the 5'-flanking sequence of the chicken {GABAA} receptor ?1-subunit-encoding gene (GabR?1) was isolated and characterized. An intron was found to interrupt the 5'-untranslated region. The transcription start point (tsp) was determined by primer extension, {RNase} protection and the amplification of chick brain first-strand cDNA. {DNA} sequence analysis revealed a number of putative transcriptional regulatory motifs, including a {TATA} box 30 nucleotides upstream from the tsp, and that this region is a CpG island. While there is conservation between the chicken and human GabR?1 sequences, the chicken GabR?1 promoter has a different structure to those reported for the {GABAA} receptor ?3- and ?-subunit-encoding genes

Sequence of the chicken GABAAreceptor ?2-subunit cDNA

No abstract available

Sequence and Novel Distribution of the Chicken Homologue of the Mammalianγ-Aminobutyric AcidAReceptorγ1 Subunit

cDNAs have been cloned that encode the chicken (Gallus domesticus) γ-aminobutyric acidA receptor γ1 subunit, the mature sequence of which shares 90, 79, and 69% identity with those of the rat γ1, γ2., and γ3 subunits, respectively. In situ hybridization reveals that there are pronounced differences in the regional and cellular localizations of the corresponding γ-aminobutyric acidAreceptor γ-subunit mRNA compared with that of the γ2-subunit mRNA in 1 -day-old chick brain. The absence of the γ1-subunit transcript in certain chick brain nuclei of visual and auditory pathways, in which γ 2-subunit mRNA is present, points to differences in the functional roles of receptors containing one or other of these polypeptides. Certain cells in other brain regions appear to contain both γ1 - and γ2-subunit mRNAs, suggesting that they either have two γ-aminobutyric acidA receptor subtypes or possess receptors incorporating two different γ subunits. We have also found contrasts in the distribution patterns, in homologous brain regions, of the chicken γ1-subunit mRNA and the rat γ1-subunit mRNA. These data may reflect different functional roles of the chicken and rat γ1subunits

Distribution of the GABAA receptor ?1- and ?2-subunit mRNAs in chick brain

We have used sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes and in situ hybridisation histochemistry to examine the distributions of the GABAA receptor ?1- and ?2-subunit mRNAs in serial sections of 1-day-old chick brain. Both transcripts are present together, at high levels, in many brain regions. Differences are found, however, in the relative amounts of these mRNAs in two isthmic nuclei of the optic lobe, the deep cerebellar nuclei, and the dorsal thalamus. We therefore conclude that while the ?1 and ?2 subunits predominantly occur together in the same receptor complex, they may also be found separately in other GABAA receptor subtypes

Sequence of the chicken GABAAreceptor ?3-subunit cDNA

No abstract available

Cloning of the human TASK-2 (KCNK5) promoter and its regulation by chronic hypoxia

The tandem P domain potassium channel family includes five members of the acid-sensing subfamily, TASK. TASK channels are active at resting potential and are inhibited by extracellular protons, suggesting they function as acid sensors and control excitability/ion homeostasis. Indeed, TASK-2 (KCNK5) has been shown to control excitability, volume regulation, bicarbonate handling, and apoptosis in a variety of tissues. With such diverse functions being ascribed to TASK-2, it is important to understand long-term as well as short-term regulation of this important channel. Thus, we have cloned the TASK-2 promoter, demonstrated that its transcriptional activity is dependent upon pO2, shown that deletion of overlapping consensus binding sites for NF-κB/Elk-1 ablates this O2 sensitivity, and proved that Elk-1 binds preferentially to this site. Furthermore, the consequences of chronic hypoxia on natively expressed TASK-2 are decreased steady-state mRNA and cell depolarization showing that TASK-2 contributes to the excitability of this important lung cell type