The Impact of Sanitation on Hygienic Conditions of Community in City Jampur

The present study has been conducted to understand the effects of poor conditions of sanitation and hygiene on the health of individuals and on their mobility within the society. This study was conducted in December, 2010 to analyze the Impact of Sanitation on Hygienic Conditions of Community in City Jampur. Sanitation is the hygienic means tending to promote or preserve health. Poor sanitation is the major reason of epidemic disease specially for third world countries. In this paper, the researcher discusses hygiene which means healthy living. The objectives of the study were to explain the importance of sanitation and hygiene in the smooth functioning of community, to identify what role was played by sanitation and hygiene in schools, to find out how the poor conditions of sanitation and hygiene affect the working environment of hospitals. The result of the study showed that a large number of people knew what was meant by sanitation and hygiene, types of waste, waste management and waste recycling and pollution. A great number of respondents were aware of the effects of poor sanitation for instance people getting sick and were being migrated, catching diseases and were bearing economic loss because of poor sanitation. From over all study of the research, it was concluded that the sanitation and hygiene has a great importance in the society. Keywords: Hygienic Condition, Community, Sanitation, Mobility, Diseases

Studies on ITK-SYK signaling pathways

Chromosomal alterations are frequent causes of cancer. Until now, SYK is reported in two different chromosomal translocation events generating the ITK-SYK-fusion protein in a subset of peripheral T cell lymphomas and the TEL-SYK fusion protein in a case of myelodysplastic syndrome. T lymphocyte-expressed ITK is the only member of the TEC-family of tyrosine kinases reported as a fusion partner in transforming translocations and here we have studied this fusion. The comparison of ITK-SYK with SYK revealed that related tyrosines of ITK-SYK are phosphorylated at the linker- region and at the activation-loop and that the fusion protein localizes to the plasma membrane and potently phosphorylates the adapter proteins SLP-76 and BLNK. Moreover, membrane localization and phosphorylation of adapter substrates are blocked with PI3K inhibitors. SYK, on the other hand, showed phosphorylation at the linker-region, but not at the activation-loop tyrosines and failed to phosphorylate SLP- 76 or BLNK under the same conditions. Since BTK is the predominantly expressed TEC family kinase in B lymphocytes, we engineered the corresponding fusion kinase, BTK-SYK. We then investigated the role of the N-terminal region in the regulation of fusion kinases ITK-SYK, BTK-SYK and TEL-SYK. Unlike ITK-SYK, BTK-SYK showed more nuclear and cytoplasmic localization and PI3K inhibitors, unexpectedly, did not block its capacity to phosphorylate the adapter substrate SLP-76. Interestingly, non-membrane-tethering PH-TH domain-mutants ITK-SYK-R29C and BTK-SYK-R28C potently phosphorylated SLP-76. On the same ground, a TEL-SYK mutant, lacking the dimerization domain, was equally phosphorylated as the full-length fusion protein, but induced highly compromised CD69 upregulation compared with TEL-SYK or ITK- SYK. Further investigations revealed that ITK-SYK-mediated activation of T cells was dependent on the adapter function of SYK-family kinases (SYK or ZAP-70), but independent of their kinase activity. Moreover, SLP-76 adapter function was not only indispensible for ITK-SYK-mediated CD69 upregulation and IL-2 secretion, but also for the phosphorylation of activation-loop tyrosines of SYK. Mutagenesis revealed a hierarchical phosphorylation pattern in the activation of ITK-SYK. In spite of loss of phosphorylation of the tyrosines, known to act as targets in SYK, the fusion protein potently retained phosphorylation capacity for substrate adapter proteins. Phosphorylation-independent constitutive activation was further confirmed by ITK- SYK expression in SYF cells (cells lacking SRC-family kinases), since there was no detectable phosphorylation on target tyrosines, yet the substrate SLP-76 was potently phosphorylated. Altogether, our studies indicate that lack of auto-inhibition renders fusion kinase constitutive activation suggesting that many of the tyrosine phosphorylations known to be critical in the activation of SYK are dispensable for ITK- SYK activation

Determinants of Male Child Preference by Fathers in District Dera Ghazi Khan

Male child preference by the male members of family, is quite significant phenomenon present in the household of Pakistan .In the whole region, male dominancy is common therefore, continuation of their generation, transfer of their inheritance, custom, norms and values male family members mostly focus on the birth of a son. Theory of social feminism defines giving birth to male child increase their status. Sampling technique was convenient sample and sample was 200 fathers having at least one child living in Dera Ghazi Khan City in 2014. The results show greater employment opportunities, education, continuation of generation, cultural, economic and religious causes were the main determinants influencing the male child preference for fathers of Dera Ghazi Khan. Keywords: Family, Feminism, Determinants, Fertility, Son preference, Patriarch

Rethinking business models as value creating systems

The generic notion of a business model is well understood by investors and business managers and implies a number of anticipations; chiefly that it is a replicable process that produces revenues and profits. At its heart is some replicable process, artefact or proposition around which the everyday practices are formed. There are a number of reasons why this conception is weak in the Creative Industries. We have identified that the rationale for ‘business models’ in the Creative Industries include providing an attractor for non goal oriented creative activity, for stabilising emergent properties from creative activities and for maintaining the stability of these by anticipating revenues

From Social Servitude to Self Certitude: The Social Organization of Resistance of Racialized Diasporic Women

The relationship between migration incorporation and resistance is a quintessential problematic replete with controversy. As Arabs and Iranians migrate to a Western society, they are confronted by a whole new set of choices and experiences making the adaptation process intricate and challenging (Pedraza, 2000). Notwithstanding the voluminous literature on collective or community mobilization, relatively little scholarship, conceptually and substantively, exists that analyzes the individual self-empowerment of racialized diasporic women. This research seeks to bridge this gap by addressing the efficacy of the exigent need for critical analysis of the stages and processes of individual resistance. My study analyzes the different levels of accommodation / resistance racialized diasporic women especially from Iran use to negotiate various institutions of socializing control. Distance and engagement in terms of deference and defiance are constructed relationally to form the basis or precondition of a politically engaged critique (Bannerji, 1991). Informed by the confluence of anti-racist feminist, post- colonial, critical race theories and interpretive sociology, this dissertation argues that any analysis of the relationship of identity (consciousness) and culture (ideology) warrants a far more comprehensive inquiry into the mediating role of institutions of law, work, family, education and religion especially in reference to racialized diasporic women. This study of self-empowerment is theoretically informed by Fanons (2008:14) mimicry (Hawley, 2001), Bhabhas (1994) hybridity, Foucaults (1990) docile bodies, Gramscis (1971) naturalized common sense, Hill Collinss (1990) matrices of domination, Bannerjis (1995) relational/reflexive method and Hookss (1992) forms of representation. From a Weberian social action perspective (Gerth & Mills, 1946), the concept of movement provides a meaningfully compelling typology. Resistance, as a movement of the self, is socially organized according to clearly discrete stages and identifiable contingencies. Identity, institutions and ideologies impact on this movement, a movement from an imposed and internalized marginality towards a more empowered self- consciousness. Resistance, as disconnecting from oppressive life chances to reconnecting to more authentic self-awareness, is further contextualized in terms of responses to pernicious accommodations to conformity (getting and staying connected to the dominant Western culture). Methodologically, this study employs content analyses, a deep reading of post-colonial, anti- racist feminist and critical interpretive thought and a critical auto-ethnography

Moral, Good and Art in Iris Murdoch’s Thought

The moral philosophy of Murdoch presents an important challenge to current ethical inquiry: the effort to reclaim a notion of the self as individual and to reconceive its relation to an idea of moral value or the good. Murdoch believes “the self, the place where we live, is a place of illusion. Goodness is connected with the attempt to see the unself, to see and to respond to the real world in the light of a virtuous consciousness.” According to Murdoch, moral philosophy at the first should provide an accurate picture of man and show how, man may improve morally. In The Sovereignty of Good Murdoch refers to some techniques of unselfing. This paper aims to show in brief that how good effects moral change and how art provides an occasion for unselfing. It will be shown that how some characters in her novels become far from their self and close to the reality

An Analysis of Natural Factors Affecting the Dispersal and Establishment of Iron Age III (800-550 B.C) Settlements in the Western Zayandeh-Rud River Basin (West and Northwest of Isfahan)

Humans are always effect to their surroundings, which makes it possible to create habitable environments and create habitat patterns that fit the surrounding environment. The interaction between human being and environment either in the form of human effect on the environment or the environment effect on the human, cannot be considered out of the environment. According to this approach in archaeology, environmental factors have an important role in assessing settlements in each period. In addition to the recognition of the degree of environmental impact, this approach makes the degree of adaptation of the habitats with the dominant environmental conditions possible. As geospatial tools become more powerful, GIS archaeology has evolved as well, making it possible to visualize ancient settlements and analyze changes in the use of space over time. By incorporating historic map data, physical details of an area’s landscape and known information about past inhabitants, archaeologists can accurately predict the positions of sites with cultural, historical relevance. In this research Iron Age III (800-550 B.C )sites in the west and northwest of Isfahan were studied via GIS. The area studied is one of the most important but unknown areas of archaeological research due to its location in the center of the Iranian plateau and a link between the north-west and the south-west of the country. The environmental characteristics of the studied area have attracted the attention of humans since ancient times.Therefore, it was considered necessary to conduct archaeological excavations. To achieve this goal, the area was first studied archaeologically. As a result of this survey, approximately 50 ancient sites were identified which included the statistical population used for analysis.The effect of environmental variables including altitude, slope (percentage and direction), climate,geological structure, distances and proximity to water resources, land use and proximity to communication paths on the distribution of settlements in the study area was investigated. Through analytical-descriptive method, the factors affecting the formation and distribution of the establishment patterns of the period in question were examind. After analyzing the information and maps, the results indicated that among all the factors, three environmental factors were the most important in the formation of ancient settlements of the Iron Age III era in the west and northwest of Isfahan: factors relating to water resources,proximity to communication paths, and slope percentage and direction

Religious Elements in Iris Murdoch’s 'The Sea, the Sea'

One of the major themes in Iris Murdoch’s writings is the relation between art, morals and religion. Murdoch believes that the purification or transformation of consciousness requires finding an object of attention which lies outside us and which is capable of creating new source of energy. The religious element to this novel is very important and it emphasizes on Buddhism as a source of behavioral attitudes, spiritual enlightenment, and ultimate liberation in a world that has lost its religious consciousness. The Sea, the Sea is about a man obsessed with an adolescent romance. It is the self-told story of Charles Arrowby, a prominent London theatre director who retires from the limelight and decides, one day, to withdraw from the world and dwell in seclusion in a house by the sea. He has come to abjure magic both the magic of the theatre and personal power. That it is hard to give up power or significantly change is one of the book’s messages. The Tempest is about the nature of dreams and reality, but it is also about the surrendering of magic. Through the prism of Buddhist teachings and Shakespeare’s play, The Tempest, Murdoch makes a powerful statement about the surrender of magic, the practice of dying, and the making of art. At the end of the novel Charles learns to begin to embrace a healing surrender to the particulars of the world he inhabits and realizes that he was a dreamer who was reading his own dream text and not looking at the reality

The Place of Sun in the Vedas and Ancient Iranian literature

Sun is very important in the Vedas Ancient Iranian literature. It is known by two names in the Vedic hymns namely Sūrya and Savitr. Sometimes one name occurs exclusively, sometimes they are used interchangeably and sometimes they are used as though they represent quite distinct object. It is supposed that Savitr is referred to the Sun when it is invisible; while Sūrya refers to him when he is visible to the worshippers. Sun is the name of an ancient Iranian god and it is the name of a “Yazata” in the Avesta book. The Avestan form of this word is “Hvarexšaeta” (Hvarekhshaeta) and it is said “Xvaršēt” in the Pahlavi texts, and “Xoršid” (Khoshid) in the Persian. The Sun from a long time ago was praised by Aryan people and ancient Iranian even before Zoroaster. Greek Historians have written something about Iranian who respected the Sun and Sun shine