Reverse Carleson Embeddings for Model Spaces

The classical embedding theorem of Carleson deals with finite positive Borel measures $\mu$ on the closed unit disk for which there exists a positive constant $c$ such that $|f|_{L^2(\mu)} \leq c |f|_{H^2}$ for all $f \in H^2$, the Hardy space of the unit disk. Lef\'evre et al. examined measures $\mu$ for which there exists a positive constant $c$ such that $\|f\|_{L^2(\mu)} \geq c |f|_{H^2}$ for all $f \in H^2$. The first type of inequality above was explored with $H^2$ replaced by one of the model spaces $(\Theta H^2)^{\perp}$ by Aleksandrov, Baranov, Cohn, Treil, and Volberg. In this paper we discuss the second type of inequality in $(\Theta H^2)^{\perp}$.Comment: 33 page

Characterization of an 80-kD Membrane Glycoprotein (GP80) of Human Keratinocytes: A Marker for Commitment to Terminal Differentiation In Vivo and In Vitro

We have characterized an 80-kD cell-surface glycoprotein (gp80) identified by monoclonal antibody BT 15, the expression of which is closely associated with a commitment to terminal squamous or follicular differentiation of keratinocytes in normal adult and fetal human epidermis. Maximum expression was found in the suprabasal layers, but basal cells located at the epidermal sulci were also clearly positive, in contrast to the virtually negative basal cells at the epidermal ridges. This protein was also present in benign hyperproliferative disorders of the epidermis (i.e., common warts, keratoacanthoma, psoriasis, and seborrhoic keratoses) with monoclonal antibody BT 15 preferentially staining suprabasal cells and some basal cells at the epidermal sulci. Gp80 was completely lacking in most basal cell carcinomas; the only exceptions were two cases of partially cornifying tumors that were strongly stained around keratotic pearls. In squamous cell carcinomas, gp80 was expressed in keratinized areas of the tumors. In organotypic keratinocyte cultures that resemble the in vivo situation, gp80 was strongly expressed in the suprabasal layers. However, unlike known markers for tenainal differentiation, gp80 was weakly expressed by basal cells. Synthesis rates of gp80 were high in keratinocyte cell suspensions freshly prepared from skin, and decreased in primary cultures and first and second subcultures (ratio 10:4:2:1). Elevated concentrations of the Ca++ that increased stratification of cultured keratinocytes resulted in a two- to threefold increase of gp80 synthesis. Gp80 was not synthesized at detectable levels by the immortal keratinocyte cell line HaCaT; however, it was expressed in HaCaT cultures treated with mitomycin C, indicating an association with cessation of growth. Pulse-chase experiments revealed that gp80 is synthesized from a 55-kD precursor molecule, the maturation of which was prevented by treating cells with tunicamycin. Glycosidase digestion of BT 15 immunoprecipitates from untreated cells indicated that the predominant post-translational modification of the protein is N-linked glycosylation. Our data indicate that gp80 is a glycoprotein that is expressed by growth-arrested human keratinocytes or as part of the terminal differentiation program

Direct and Reverse Carleson Measure for Hb spaces

In this paper we discuss direct and reverse Carleson measures for the de Branges-Rovnyak spaces H(b), mainly when b is a non-extreme point of the unit ball of H∞

Occurrence of CTX-M Producing Escherichia coli in Soils, Cattle, and Farm Environment in France (Burgundy Region)

CTX-M [a major type of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)] producing Escherichia coli are increasingly involved in human infections worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate potential reservoirs for such strains: soils, cattle, and farm environment. The prevalence of blaCTX-M genes was determined directly from soil DNA extracts obtained from 120 sites in Burgundy (France) using real-time PCR. blaCTX-M targets were found in 20% of the DNA extracts tested. Samples of cattle feces (n = 271) were collected from 182 farms in Burgundy. Thirteen ESBL-producing isolates were obtained from 12 farms and further characterized for the presence of bla genes. Of the 13 strains, five and eight strains carried blaTEM-71 genes and blaCTX-M-1 genes respectively. Ten strains of CTX-M-1 producing E. coli were isolated from cultivated and pasture soils as well as from composted manure within two of these farms. The genotypic analysis revealed that environmental and animal strains were clonally related. Our study confirms the occurrence of CTX-M producing E. coli in cattle and reports for the first time the occurrence of such strains in cultivated soils. The environmental competence of such strains has to be determined and might explain their long term survival since CTX-M isolates were recovered from a soil that was last amended with manure 1 year before sampling

Imagined paralysis reduces motor cortex excitability.

Mental imagery is a powerful capability that engages similar neurophysiological processes that underlie real sensory and motor experiences. Previous studies show that motor cortical excitability can increase during mental imagery of actions. In this study, we focused on possible inhibitory effects of mental imagery on motor functions. We assessed whether imagined arm paralysis modulates motor cortical excitability in healthy participants, as measured by motor evoked potentials (MEPs) of the hand induced by near-threshold transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the primary motor cortex hand area. We found lower MEP amplitudes during imagined arm paralysis when compared to imagined leg paralysis or baseline stimulation without paralysis imagery. These results show that purely imagined bodily constraints can selectively inhibit basic motor corticospinal functions. The results are discussed in the context of motoric embodiment/disembodiment