Canales proyectados y soñados en el Bajo Guadalquivir. Jerez puerto de mar

Situados en un momento concreto de la historia, la plenitud de la Edad Moderna en el siglo XVI, y en un contexto donde la geometría y las matemáticas ocupan un lugar primordial en la visión del mundo, la arquitectura y la ingeniería comparten un mismo campo de actuación: la transformación del territorio. Posteriormente, y con la Razón colocando “cada cosa en su sitio”, la evocación a un pasado mítico, paradójicamente, se suplanta esa capacidad transformadora, de base científica, por una memoria incierta y nostálgica. La representación de esas actitudes a través del dibujo y en la escala del territorio es analizada en el presente trabajo como labor necesaria, no solo para el conocimiento de un territorio concreto -el Bajo Guadalquivir y Jerez de la Frontera-, sino también como el valor que el dibujo tiene en la transmisión de las claves culturales de cada momento. Teniendo en común la no materialización de las propuestas representadas, el proyecto primero y la ideación después, son piezas claves en la construcción histórica y caracterización del ámbito de estudio como paisaje cultural

La arquitectura del jerez en la segunda mitad del siglo XX: Las "fábricas" del jerez y la Tercera Generación.

La RAE define crisis como un "cambio profundo y de consecuencias importantes en un proceso o una situación". Entre 1960 y 1980 el Marco del jerez viviría un periodo de extraordinario auge constructivo; correlato directo de la expansión comercial que vive el sector. En este contexto sobresalen un conjunto de edificios, no mayoritario, que abordan la necesaria renovación de la arquitectura bodeguera desde presupuestos arquitectónicos nítidamente contemporáneos. Esta investigación aborda el análisis de estas edificaciones entendidas como producto de la singular convergencia de dos situaciones críticas: el "cambio profundo" que va a experimentar el Marco del jerez en todas sus facetas, sociales y productivas; y la renovación cultural que representa para la Arquitectura la denominada Tercera Generación. De la intersección de ambas surgirían las "fábricas del jerez", respuesta construida al esfuerzo por "industrializar la producción" del sector económico del jerez.Universidad Pablo de Olavid

The city's industrial image. Jerez de la Frontera in the 19th century

[EN] The Jerez de la Frontera urban and landscape transformation in the 19th century central decade is reconstructed and interpreted by a set of images that go from the middle of the 16th century to the end of the 21th. During this period of time, Jerez become one of the most relevant industrial cities of the country thank to the Sherry trade. The city territorial image transformation was carried out by the industrial building implantation, from an initial process of industrial redefinition of the urban front to the final denial of his own landscape condition. At the same time, the renewed population image would be assumed by the own transformer agents as element of his managerial iconography.[ES] A partir de un conjunto de imágenes que van de mediados del siglo xvi a finales del xix se reconstruye e interpreta la transformación urbano paisajística experimentada por la ciudad de Jerez de la Frontera en las décadas centrales del siglo xix, periodo en el que gracias al comercio del jerez se convertiría en una de las ciudades industriales más relevantes del país. La implantación de las edificaciones industriales conllevó la transformación de la imagen territorial de la ciudad, desde un proceso inicial de redefinición industrial de la fachada urbana hasta la negación final de su propia condición paisajística. Al mismo tiempo la imagen renovada de la población sería asumida por los propios agentes transformadores como elemento de su iconografía empresarial.Aladro Prieto, JM.; Mosquera Adell, E. (2018). La imagen industrial de la ciudad. Jerez de la Frontera siglo XIX. EGA. Revista de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica. 23(32):254-261. doi:10.4995/ega.2018.9815SWORD254261233

The standardisation of vernacular architecture. Wine buildings in Andalusia

[EN] Production buildings constitute a specific section of vernacular architecture, with distinct characteristics. In Andalusia, within this group, the architecture of wine, acquires an important relevancne, the wine cellars. They are a large number of buildings, which were built in the 18th, and 19th centuries. This happened when traditional Andalusian wine production was transformed into a modern wine industry. An industrial development generated a vast architectural ensemble of unique characteristics. This has been studied especially in the Sherry wine region, but it is also present in other regions such as Montilla-Moriles or El Condado de Huelva. The architectural, and industrial wine development in the 19th century was fundamentally based on the repetition of a specific model: the basilica cellar. A simplified formal, and constructive system that comes from the standardisation of the vernacular cellar, and that establishes early points of convergence with the industrial building. A model that continues the tradition in terms of construction, and structure, but conceptually modern in its modular, and repeatable condition. Its reiteration, and extreme simplification made possible the construction of large industrial complexes, and the city transformation. The industrial importance achieved by the wine agro-industry, and the vernacular quality of its architecture introduce different references in Spanish industrial historiography.Research framed within the R&D project "Sistema de Innovación para el Patrimonio de la Andalucía Rural (SIN-PAR)", Code PY20_00298. Andalusian Plan for Research, Development, and Innovation (PAIDI 2020), Junta de Andalucía, European Union, European Regional Development Fund.Aladro-Prieto, J.; Ostos-Prieto, F.; Murillo-Romero, M. (2022). The standardisation of vernacular architecture. Wine buildings in Andalusia. En Proceedings HERITAGE 2022 - International Conference on Vernacular Heritage: Culture, People and Sustainability. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 23-30. https://doi.org/10.4995/HERITAGE2022.2022.15136233

La configuración urbana de Écija en el plano de Manuel Spínola en 1826

Urban cartography in the Spanish 19th century rose during the French occupation and the arrival of the Enlightenment. The maps became instruments that allowed for better city governance. Later, in the reign of Isabel II, the Royal Order of 1846 had as its main objective to establish the control of urban transformations in the main cities of the country through urban cartography. This required a high-plan production by the municipalities themselves, together with the work of cartographers and engineers. In the province of Seville, the cartographer Manuel Spínola de Quintana, worked on seven Andalusian towns, where Écija is one of them. Its plan is possibly the oldest in the city, dating from 1826. It is also the first to represent its urban periphery. It is an unpublished document of great planimetric quality due to its graphics and colouring, as well as its description of the city. A comparison is made with three other contemporary plans of Écija, with a detailed analysis, using Spínola’s plan as the main source. The comparative analysis has produced interesting results, such as a more accurate dating of one of the known plans, as well as evidence of the primacy of Spínola’s document. Finally, a detailed analysis makes it possible to appreciate the configuration of Écija at the beginning of the century, a key factor in future town planning. This is done through the elements of the urban area (parishes, convents, monasteries, squares, etc.), as well as those in its immediate surroundings (roads, farmlands, infrastructures, etc.).La cartografía urbana en el siglo XIX español experimentó un auge durante la ocupación francesa y la llegada de la Ilustración. Los planos pasaron a ser instrumentos que permitían una mejor gobernabilidad de la ciudad. En el reinado de Isabel II, el principal objetivo de la Real Orden de 1846 fue establecer el control de las transformaciones urbanas país a través de la cartografía. Ello demandó un levantamiento auspiciado por los propios municipios, unido al trabajo de cartógrafos e ingenieros. En la provincia de Sevilla, el cartógrafo Manuel Spínola de Quintana dejará constancia de siete poblaciones. Entre estas se encuentra el que es posiblemente el plano más antiguo de la ciudad de Écija, datado en 1826. Además, es el primero en representar su periferia urbana. Se trata de un documento inédito de gran calidad planimétrica debido tanto a su grafismo y cromatismo como su descripción de la ciudad. Se realiza una comparativa con otros tres planos coetáneos de Écija, así como un análisis detallado. Se han generado interesantes resultados como una datación más exacta de uno de los planos conocidos, así como evidenciar la primicia del de Spínola. Un análisis pormenorizado posibilita apreciar la configuración de Écija a principios de siglo, clave en la futura ordenación urbanística. A través de elementos del núcleo urbano (parroquias, conventos, plazas, etc.), así como de aquellos del entorno agreste inmediato (caminos, cultivos, infraestructuras, etc.)

Analysis of touristification processes in historic town centers: the city of Seville

Encouraged by the administration, the gen9otrification process has been useful in economic terms for the reactivation of the socio-cultural fabrics of historic urban spaces in decline. What was initially considered an advantage has led to the touristification of historic centers, and in turn to the alteration of their original use. In these settings, the demographic void caused by increasingly shunning local identity has combined with pressure from excessive tourism and the obsolescence of heritage protection bodies in charge of conservation. Given the crisis affecting the definitions of the current system, this study aims to review the environmental agents of heritage value in relation to the processes of touristification and gentrification. Data obtained from different methodologies are analyzed using a multidisciplinary database, a model which enables the analysis of the relevant information from the different interacting fields. This case study focuses on the historic town center of Seville, specifically between 2015 and 2020. Elements are defined as indicators for these processes and the analysis of this case study will comprise the main results of this research

Identity construction of the european medium sized city through themonasticism repercussions in Écija

The monasticism appeared during the dawn of Christianity has made a major contribution to Europe's culture and identity. The spread of Christian faith throughout the continent was achieved not only through a new morality and religion but also through art and convent architecture. The Middle Ages were the peak of this monastic production. Orders such as Cistercians or Dominicans would appear mainly in France and Italy spreading their rules and ways of life to the whole continent. It is a phenomenon that transcends borders, kingdoms and geographical elements, bringing together many people under the same identity.The flag of the Latin cross waved in the European Middle Ages. However, the reality in southern Iberian Peninsula was different. Al-Andalus stood as a bastion of Islam in Europe long before the appearance of the Ottoman Empire. At the end of the Middle Ages, the Kingdom of Castile began to occupy territories held by the Muslim Kingdom of Granada. The need to Christianisethe new conquered lands would call a multitude of monastic orders settled in Europe to focus their attention on the new Kingdom of Seville. The main cities such as Seville, Cordoba, etc. would be the most coveted for the new foundations. Nevertheless, Écija is located in the Guadalquivir river valley in a difficult position on the border with the Kingdom of Granada. In the 14th Century, Écija had close to 10,000 inhabitants, which, at the time, was a large number. A city which was an attraction point for Christian Communities, which according to their origin, 31% came from Italy, 22% from France, 37% from Spain and 10% from Jerusalem. The study of Écija shows the crossing of continental relationships through monasticism. How could the influence of Christianity manage to cover an entire continent to the most remote place? We could find the keys to understand the urban construction of western monasticism through the main average conventual cities in Andalusia