Complimentary Image Processing Techniques: Critical Review with C#

Image Enhancement is one of the most essential and laborious techniques in image researches. The scheme of image enhancement is to improve the visual semblance of an image, or to afford a “correct transform representation for future automated image processing. Many images like medical images, satellite images, aerial images and even real life photographs suffer from indigent contrast and noise. It is necessary to enhance the contrast and remove the noise to enhance image quality. One of the most significant stages in medical images detection and analysis is Image Enhancement techniques which improves the quality (clearness) of images for human look, removing blurring and noise, increasing contrast, and unveil details are examples of enhancement operations. The enhancement technique varies from one field to another according to its objective. The existent techniques of image enhancement can be classified into two categories: Spatial Domain and Frequency domain enhancement. In this research, we present an overview of image enhancement projection techniques in spatial domain. More specifically, we categorise processing methods based typical techniques of Image enhancement. Thus the contribution of this paper is to arrange and review image enhancement procedure techniques, attempt an evaluation of shortcomings and universal needs in this field of active research and in last we will stage out promising directions on research for image enhancement for prospective research. Keywords: Frequency based domain enhancement, Image Enhancement, Spatial based domain enhancement, Histogram Equalization

Implementation of Micro-Controller Based Adaptive Motion Detection for Industrial Monitoring System

Industrial system has become concurrent research focus in most developed counties being an ultimate source of revenue benefited by citizens. This project emphasized on implementation of micro-controller based adaptive motion detection for industrial monitoring system as a factor that determines synergy and sustainability of industrial management. The camera will be interface with PC to detect the presence of object and report production activities through image capture and enable video stream for monitoring. The design is to create interface link between Microcontroller AVR PC, ATMEG16 and camera C3088. The PC will establish bi-directional communication with AVR while using I2C communication protocol is used to interface camera and AVR.  The industrial feedback process will be control with AVR based on adaptive motion detection from installed camera. The captured image obtain from the camera can be use for surveillance or can be process for image processing purpose in industries and organizations. Keywords: Lighting, LED, economic usage, light energy, detectio

Qualitative determination of chemical and nutritional composition of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) Benth

Qualitative determination of chemical and nutritional composition of Parkia biglobosa seeds an underexploited crop seed in Nigeria was carried out. Seeds of P. biglobosa were found to be rich in lipid, protein, carbohydrate, soluble sugars and ascorbic acid. The cotyledon was very nutritious, has less fibre and ash contents when compared to that of testa. The oil content was suitable for consumption since it contains very low acid and iodine contents. The oil has very high saponification value and hence would be useful in soap industry. Some simple reducing sugars, including lactose, were identified. Key words: Parkia bioglobosa, Qalitative determination, Industrial use, Saponification, underexploited.African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 4 (8), pp. 812-81

Modelling and optimization of the drying process and the quality parameters of dried osmo-pretreated onions (Allium cepa)

Modelling and optimization represent an important aspect of drying in food processing, providing a fast and convenient means for quality prediction. The research focuses on modelling and optimization of process parameters such as drying rate, water loss, solid gain, vitamin C, manganese, and iron of dried osmo-pretreated onion slices. Least square regression analysis in the Math-lab computer software was used to model and optimise the process parameters., Six (6) mathematical models were developed for each output from the regression analysis that was carried out. The criteria for adjudging these models were the values of their adjusted coefficient of multiple determinations, prediction error sum of squares (also called deleted residual), R2 for prediction, coefficient of variation CV, and the Dubin-Watson test for autocorrelation. The models were checked for adequacy using these criteria, and those found to be adequate were selected from among the other possible combinations. Hence, the best-optimized obtained results from the models are 27.50 g/h, 1.61 g/g, 0.15 g/g, 77.52 mg/100 g, 2.79 mg/1000 g, and 2.19 mg/1000 g for drying rate, water loss, solid gain, vitamin C, manganese, and iron, respectively

Development and Validation of Web-based Courseware for Junior Secondary School Basic Technology Students in Nigeria

This research aimed to develop and validate a web-based courseware for junior secondary school basic technology students in Nigeria. In this study, a mixed method quantitative pilot study design with qualitative components was used to test and ascertain the ease of development and validation of the web-based courseware. Dick and Carey instructional system design model was adopted for developing the courseware. Convenience sampling technique was used in selecting the three content, computer and educational technology experts to validate the web-based courseware. Non-randomized and non-equivalent Junior secondary school students from two schools were used for field trial validation. Four validating instruments were employed in conducting this study: (i) Content Validation Assessment Report (CVAR); (ii) Computer Expert Validation Assessment Report (CEAR); (iii) Educational Technology Experts Validation Assessment Report (ETEVAR); and (iv) Students Validation Questionnaire (SVQ). All the instruments were face and content validated. SVQ was pilot tested and reliability coefficient of 0.85 was obtained using Cronbach Alpha. CVAR, CEAR, ETEVAR were administered on content specialists, computer experts, and educational technology experts, while SVQ was administered on 83 JSS students from two selected secondary schools in Minna. The findings revealed that the process of developing web-based courseware using Dick and Carey Instructional System Design was successful. In addition, the report from the validating team revealed that the web-based courseware is valuable for learning basic technology. It is therefore recommended that web-based courseware should be produced to teach basic technology concepts on large scale

Development and Validation of Web-based Courseware for Junior Secondary School Basic Technology Students in Nigeria

This research aimed to develop and validate a web-based courseware for junior secondary school basic technology students in Nigeria. In this study, a mixed method quantitative pilot study design with qualitative components was used to test and ascertain the ease of development and validation of the web-based courseware. Dick and Carey instructional system design model was adopted for developing the courseware. Convenience sampling technique was used in selecting the three content, computer and educational technology experts to validate the web-based courseware. Non-randomized and non-equivalent Junior secondary school students from two schools were used for field trial validation. Four validating instruments were employed in conducting this study: (i) Content Validation Assessment Report (CVAR); (ii) Computer Expert Validation Assessment Report (CEAR); (iii) Educational Technology Experts Validation Assessment Report (ETEVAR); and (iv) Students Validation Questionnaire (SVQ). All the instruments were face and content validated. SVQ was pilot tested and reliability coefficient of 0.85 was obtained using Cronbach Alpha. CVAR, CEAR, ETEVAR were administered on content specialists, computer experts, and educational technology experts, while SVQ was administered on 83 JSS students from two selected secondary schools in Minna. The findings revealed that the process of developing web-based courseware using Dick and Carey Instructional System Design was successful. In addition, the report from the validating team revealed that the web-based courseware is valuable for learning basic technology. It is therefore recommended that web-based courseware should be produced to teach basic technology concepts on large scale

Adoption of Recommended Crop Protection Practices By Sesame Farmers in Benue State, Nigeria

This study was conducted to investigate fanners practices and adoption of improved sesame crop protection practices in Benue state, Nigeria. Using survey research, a pre-tested structured interview schedule was used to elicit informationfrom 120 sesamefanners that were randomly selectedfrom ten villages in two agricultural blocks in the northern zone from a samplingframe of sesamefanners. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Low adoption level was observed for all the crop protection practices , namely herbicide use (2.9%), disease control (2.0%) insect control(2.0%) and seed dressing (2.9%). Only 1%of the respondents hadfull package adoption, 5%hadpartial adoption while 94%didnot adopt any of the cropprotectionpractices. The study further revealed a significant relationship between adoption and the following variables: awareness (r=0.21;p<0.05), household size involvedinfarming (r=0.248;p<0.01), andyears offarming experience (r = 0.370; p<0.01). Stepwise regression analysis revealed that years of farming experience was a critical variable in the adoption of crop protection practices by sesame farmers and accountedfor 17% of the determinants of adoption. Based on this study it is recommended that efforts should be geared towards increasing the awareness of all crop protection practices in order to increase their adoption using a multimedia approach. These crop protection practices shouldfocus mainly on integrated approaches with little or no chemical and more ofpractices that are compatible with thefarmerspractices

Assessment of Factors Responsible for the Choice of Contractors’ Prequalification Criteria for Civil Engineering Project: Consultants’ Perspective

It is not uncommon, during contractor selection process, for prequalifier's decisions to be informed by certain parameters. In the light of this, the choice of the criteria to be eventually adopted depends on factors that play complimentary role when the contractor is to be selected. Therefore, this study assesses the factors that determine the choice of contractors' prequalification criteria for civil engineering project. The purpose is to bring the unrecognised factors into limelight by establishing the degree of their relevance on the choice of contractor's prequalification criteria as well as ascertaining their importance to meeting stakeholder's objectives. The objectives include identifying the factors which determine the choice of contractors' prequalification criteria for civil engineering project and assess the importance of the factors to meeting stakeholders' expectation. The study employ well-structured questionnaire distributed to various category of respondents comprising Civil/Structural Engineers, Quantity Surveyors and Architects engaging in civil engineering project. It adopts percentile, mean item score (MIS) and relative importance index (RII) in the analysis of the data derived from the retrieved questionnaire. Result indicates that, apart from Civil/Structural Engineers, employment into civil engineering organizations favours Quantity Surveyors than Architects. Construction of building is paramount among civil engineering organizations with little involvement in railway project. The choice of contractors' prequalification criteria for civil engineering project is dictated by a number of factors with project type emerging the most influential. Importance of the factors touches the client, consultants and contractor. It recommends that Quantity Surveyors should embrace continuous professional development. Factors influencing the choice of contractors' prequalification criteria must be duly considered before taking final decision on the criterion/criteria to adopt in choosing the contractor for civil engineering project prioritizing project type

Adoption of Recommended Crop Protection Practices By Sesame Farmers in Benue State, Nigeria

This study was conducted to investigate fanners practices and adoption of improved sesame crop protection practices in Benue state, Nigeria. Using survey research, a pre-tested structured interview schedule was used to elicit informationfrom 120 sesamefanners that were randomly selectedfrom ten villages in two agricultural blocks in the northern zone from a samplingframe of sesamefanners. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Low adoption level was observed for all the crop protection practices , namely herbicide use (2.9%), disease control (2.0%) insect control(2.0%) and seed dressing (2.9%). Only 1%of the respondents hadfull package adoption, 5%hadpartial adoption while 94%didnot adopt any of the cropprotectionpractices. The study further revealed a significant relationship between adoption and the following variables: awareness (r=0.21;p<0.05), household size involvedinfarming (r=0.248;p<0.01), andyears offarming experience (r = 0.370; p<0.01). Stepwise regression analysis revealed that years of farming experience was a critical variable in the adoption of crop protection practices by sesame farmers and accountedfor 17% of the determinants of adoption. Based on this study it is recommended that efforts should be geared towards increasing the awareness of all crop protection practices in order to increase their adoption using a multimedia approach. These crop protection practices shouldfocus mainly on integrated approaches with little or no chemical and more ofpractices that are compatible with thefarmerspractices

Synthesis and Characterization of Graphene-Cu Composite Via Hydrothermal Method

In this paper, graphene-copper composite was synthesized via hydrothermal method using different compositions from 5 to 25%. The grain size and copper composition are observed to decrease proportionally to increase in band gap. The effect of composition fluctuate the peaks shift. The peak increased linearly with increasing temperature for each composition. The band gap reduces with increasing temperature for each composition. Short calcined duration on samples is observed to cause a little lower band gap value than that of longer duration. The thermal treatment of graphene oxide (GO) has been observed to cause changes in its quality, size and shape. &nbsp