Assessment of Environmental Consciousness among Patrons in Selected Academic and Public Libraries in Lagos Metropolis

The study examined environmental consciousness patterns among patrons in academic and public libraries. Using the survey method, data was collected from 383 patrons who were conveniently selected from six libraries in Lagos metropolis. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to determine the internal consistency and reliability of the multiple item scales. The least Cronbach’s Alpha value returned for the variables in the questionnaire was 0.79. Q uantitative data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Waste disposal was found to be the most disturbing environmental issue. Respondents from both academic and public libraries agreed that there is not enough useful information on adopting pro-environmental behaviours (PEBs). Further findings showed that respondents from both academic and public libraries demonstrate similar pattern of motivation towards environmental consciousness. It is recommended that libraries should include services that will foster eco-friendly behaviour among library patrons

Behaviour of ground cupola furnace slag blended concrete at elevated temperature

Fires adversely affect the performance of concrete when expose to extreme temperatures. However, it is important to study the effects of elevated temperature on the concrete properties. Concrete often contains other cementitious materials such as ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and this has been successfully used to improve its properties. Hence, little or no study has been carried out on the use of ground cupola furnace slag (GCFS) in concreting. Therefore, this paper investigates the behavior of concrete blended with GCFS at elevated temperatures. A total of 300 samples were prepared with four different GCFS contents. The test specimens were cured for 28-d and 56-d and subjected to elevated temperatures ranging from 200oC to 800oC up to 24 h. The slump, residual compressive and tensile strength tests were carried out on fresh and hardened concrete. The results showed that the compressive strength and splitting tensile strengths of concrete generally increased with increasing % GCFS content but decreased as temperature increases. At 28-d and 56-d, the strengths were observed to be maximum at 10% replacement when the temperature is 200oC compared to other mixes. It can be concluded that the strength drastically decreased at temperature above 200oC. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was also carried out to determine the effect of the elevated temperature and percentage replacement of cement with GCFS on the 28-d and 56-d compressive strength of concrete. The results showed that temperature and % GCFS content had a statistically significant effect on the concrete performance. Based on Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD), the effect of GCFS was found to be statistically non-significant for 4% and 6% GCFS content at 28-d; and 2% and 4% GCFS content at 56-d. The effect of temperature was also found to be statistically non-significant for 600oC and 800oC at 28-d; and 27oC and 600oC; 200oC and 400oC at 56-d

URBAN SPRAWL, PATTERN AND MEASUREMENT IN LOKOJA, NIGERIA

Lokoja have been experiencing a large influx of population from its surrounding regions, which had led to rapid growth and expansion that had left profound changes on the landscape in terms of land use and land cover. This study uses the GIS techniques and the application of Shannon’s entropy theory to measure the behavior of sprawl which is based on the notion that landscape entropy or disorganization increases with sprawl, analysis was carried out based on the integration of remote sensing and GIS, the measurement of entropy is devised based on the town location factors, distance from roads, to reveal and capture spatial patterns of urban sprawl. Then Entropy value for each zone revealed a high value, especially areas outside the core city area; like Felele, with the entropy of 0.3, Adankolo, 0.2 and Lokongoma, 0.2. These areas are evenly dispersed settlement, as one move away from the city core. Study shows a correlation of population densities and entropy values of 1987 and 2007, for areas like Felele ,Adankolo, and Lokongoma , which is indicative of spread over space , an evidence of sprawl. But as we go down the table the entropy values seem to tend towards zero. This study provides quantitative data for effective planning and decision making in projecting the town growth and in planning the direction of growth.urban sprawl, patterns of sprawl, entropy theory.

Analysis Of The Effects Of Ethnicity On Political Marketing In Ghana

Analysis of vote data suggests that, among other performance factors, ethnicity plays a major role in the acceptability of political marketing approaches of partisan politics in Ghana.  This features quite prominently in the ethnic based voting pattern that has prevailed over the years and the communal voting pattern that is emerging in Ghana as a result of increasing urbanization. The analysis makes it evident that political parties with very strong ethnic support bases are those that have stood the test of time no matter what marketing tools or approaches are employed, though political marketing gains to a large extent depend on the features of the political product, the political product benefit and the political marketing support services.  The paper compares the results of the four different elections of the Fourth Republic of Ghana and attempts to make inferences on the effects of ethnicity on the voting patterns of the four (4) Presidential elections in the Fourth Republic. The analysis uses the voting patterns as a pointer to the acceptability and effectiveness of a political party’s marketing approach and by deduction, analyzes which political marketing variables contribute to the acceptability of political parties.  It also attempts to generate understanding of the political marketing variables such as dimensions of the Political Market, the Political Product and the ‘Political Product Support Services’ and compares effects of these variables  with effects of ethnicity  on political marketing outcomes in Ghana. The paper specifically compares features of the political product which include Party Philosophy, Perceived Party Identity, Manifesto, Political Party Leadership, Previous Performance, Particularistic Benefits,  Party Paraphernalia on elections outcomes among identified or classified ethnic groups at regional or communal level. In addition, the analysis reveals that personality, perceived party image or identity of the political party and communication are salient in determining political marketing outcomes or fortunes of a political party and to a less extent political product benefits based on past performance and experiences, whereas effects of particularistic benefits and party paraphernalia or the political marketing support services are less prominent

Simultaneous and rapid asphaltene and TAN determination for heavy petroleum using an H-cell

Peer reviewedPostprin

Are All Buildings Architecture?

A universal definition of a building is “a permanent structure which provides, shelter, encloses space and can be occupied by animals, persons, goods and services”. However, there is debate on whether all buildings can be architecture. This study is a metaphysical discussion on the answers to this question. Analytic philosophy is used in the study to propose logical arguments from perspectives of definitions and method of analysis of architecture and buildings. The conclusion of the discussion reveals that architecture goes beyond building by expressing a deeper feeling with venustas inclination. Keywords: buildings, architecture, analytic philosophy, metaphysics DOI: 10.7176/ADS/82-01 Publication date:May 31st 202

Educational reform: a bedrock for national development in Nigeria

This paper examined the fundamental of educational reform to national development with relevance to Nigerian educational system. The rational for educational reform to national development was well highlighted and the needs for educational reform such as to improve on the standard, future expectations, exogenous factors, achievement inclined and creativity were properly expatiated. Planning for reform in educational structure, curriculum and methods as well as management of educational reforms which are the backbone to effective and efficient educational reform were well elucidated. The Federal Government of Nigeria had envisaged and prepared for reform in education through the provision of goal oriented national policy on education. Basis for evaluation of educational reform which is a necessity as well as procedure and levels of evaluation are fully highlighted and discussed. Factors militating against effective educational reform in Nigeria were identified and explained. The paper itemized some recommendations toward sustainable educational reform in Nigeria.Keywords: Educational Reform, National Development, Nigerian Educational Syste

Developing A Framework For Land Management Based On Community Involvement In Ghana

Since the discovery of oil in commercial quantities in the Western Region of Ghana and the attendant media reports of some traditional leaders rushing to sell land, there has been a renewed interest in land management in the area. This paper investigated the involvement of traditional leaders in land management in the Western Region of Ghana and explored with participants possible ways of enhancing land management in Ghana. The study was conducted in the Districts and Municipal Assemblies along the coast of the Weston Region of Ghana using fifteen traditional leaders or Chiefs as the participants. A desk review of national policy documents on land management accompanied by interviews with the traditional leaders, show that Ghana abounds with laws and policies on land management as well as land use plans that provide for the involvement of traditional leaders. However, the results from our interviews with the selected traditional leaders mandated to be custodians of customary lands and by extension agents of lands management suggest that 92% are either unaware of the laws, policies, and plans or have limited knowledge about them. As a direct consequence of the lack of knowledge or paucity of knowledge about land use plans, these traditional leaders are not able to discharge rightfully their duty. The paper therefore concludes that traditional leaders require education on the national framework for land management in order to enhance their capacity for land management. It is therefore recommended that a centre should be established to provide relevant training and education to traditional leaders on land administration and management issues on a continual basis in the form of non-formal education

Effects Of The Law On The Marketing Of Infant Foods In Ghana

Six years into the implementation of the Ghana Breastfeeding Promotion Regulations 2000 (LI 1667), this paper takes a look at how the implementation of the regulations has affected both the promotion of commercial infant foods and mothers feeding options in Ghana. The study reveals that the regulations have restricted promotion of designated products to health care facilities basically to the provision of technical informational materials to health workers and promotion through labeling of products. Direct advertisement of designated products to the general public was virtually non existent through out the study, though there was a general lack of awareness of the existence of the regulations on the part of the general public. The study further suggests that mothers feeding options have been influenced by both the existence of the regulation and the strong breast feeding advocacy together with the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative. Most mothers choose to breastfeed either exclusively or sometimes with water for the first three months of their babies life. The paper further reveals that mothers generally supplemented with other foods not only infant formula from the fourth month onwards because of employment and other social and economic reasons. These practices are quite different from the years before the Regulations. Enhanced enforcement of the Regulation, awareness creation and further research into impact of the regulations and other infant feeding practices could result in significant gains in compliance and appropriate infant feeding practices

Developing shellfish industry in Nigeria: technology and economics

The paper asserted that shellfish resources are poorly developed and utilized in West Africa. This was proved by the fact that in 2008 total marine shellfish capture production in West Africa was only 29,815 tonnes. The advantages of Nigeria in beefing up its production are highlighted. Some of these advantages are on extensive coast line which has not been affected by industrial pollution. The tropical climate is also an advantage for growing of cultured shellfish. The paper highlighted that to maximize the potential of shellfish Mari-culture development requires education, training, seed production technology, grow-out technology, processing and marketing. These requirements are discussed in details in the paper