Polymer-Clay Nanocomposites for Corrosion Protection

Nanoclays have evoked a great deal of attention lately for the preparation of novel nanocomposite materials for several applications. This is attributed to their lamellar structures, which are distinguished by having high in-plane strength and stiffness, as well as a high aspect ratio. Nanocomposites have exhibited an advanced gas and water barrier properties compared to the pristine polymers. Such advancement plays a major role in enhancing the coating industry, specifically for corrosion protection. One main factor attributing to coating failure is its inability to maintain low water and oxygen permeability thought its service life. The penetration of these elements through the coating leads to corrosion initiation under the coating. The addition of clay to polymeric coatings has great potential to improve the corrosion protection performance of the coatings. This chapter will present the recent advancement in the preparation and utilization of clay nanocomposites as enhanced coatings for corrosion protection

Evaluation of Healthcare Provider Adherence to Safe Injection Practice

Purpose:  The aim is to evaluate health care provider adherence to safe injection practice and also to find out the relationship between health care providers' adherence to safe injection adherence and their demographical characteristics. Methods: Descriptive analytical study was carried out with non-probability convenient (Accidental) sampling technique. The study was carried out from February 15th, 2022 up to May 28th, 2022. The study instrument consisted of a structured questionnaire divided into 2 parts to assess awareness and practices of safe injection. The score for each question was one, two or three. Results: The finding of the study show that the overall evaluation of health care provider adherence to safe injection practice was fair at mean of score (2.22). In addition, there are non-significant relationships between the nurse’s safe injection practices and their demographic data at p-value more than 0.05, except in one item (economic status) at p-value less than 0.05. Conclusions: The overall assessment of the nurses' injection practice was fair. The result of the study reveals a high significant relationship between the nurse’s economic status and their adherence to safe injection practice

The effect of notch on the capacity of axially loaded members

This study investigates the effects of notches on the strength and stiffness of axially loaded wood members. Several 2x4 studs were tested by varying the size and location of notches along the height of the member. Similar experiments were also performed by strengthening the notch with a metal cover plate. Result of the tests showed that the axial strength decreased considerably with size. The bigger the notch the larger the decrease in strength and stiffness. Strengthening with the metal plate increased the strength but did little to restoring stiffness. The experiments also showed that location of the notch had a considerable impact on strength as well as stiffness. The largest decrease in both strength and stiffness was noticed when the notch was at mid height. Strengthening the notch with a plate at the mid-height showed improvement in restoring the capacity with larger notch sizes in comparison to smaller ones. Regardless of notch size, the results showed a proportional relationship between the plate and notch location in restoring the strength of the member (i.e., the farther the notch location is from the mid height, more load is restored). Finally, an equation was developed to predict the capacity of different notch sizes at different locations

Numerical study on discharge capacity of piano key side weir with various ratios of the crest length to the width

A side or lateral weir can be defined as a longitudinal weir put in parallel to the main flow direction. A piano key side weir (PKSW) is one of the various side weirs used to control flow level, flow diversion, and flood harm prevention in dams and hydraulic systems. A side weir aims to keep the water level in the main channel at a specific level by discharging the overflow water into a side channel. The discharge coefficient of the PKSW was covered in this study by numerical modeling of a rectangular PKSW type B with various ratios of the crest length to the width in a straight channel. Results showed that the discharge coefficient of the PKSW was more affected by the L/W parameter when the other parameters were constant. It was noted that the PKSW discharge coefficient for L/W equal to 6 demonstrated a significantly higher level of performance and also found that increasing the upstream head above the side weir crest (h a/P) negatively affected the coefficient of discharge. It was concluded that a high capacity of the discharge coefficient required the (h a/P) ratio to be smaller than 0.75 or within the range (0.3 ≤ h a/P < 0.75)

Effects of Dexamethasone on Trophoblastic, IDO, and Macrophage Cells in Domestic Pregnant Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

The healthy pregnancy requires a healthy fetal-maternal placental development that depends not only on invasion of fetal trophoblast but also on the presence of immune cells, such as macrophages. Dexamethasone (DEX) is used to treat several diseases, but exceed exposure to exogenous DEX may impair placental and fetal development and subsequent fetal loss. The current study investigates the effects of high dose of DEX (HD) (1.125 mg) and low dose of DEX (LD) (0.562 mg) on trophoblastic (T), IDO, andCD68 macrophage (M) cells in domestic pregnant rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Forty-eight pregnant does were caged in the animal house and divided into six groups, eight for each. These groups are treated as follows: groups A and B (as an experimental groups) were daily injected by (1ml) from day 5 to 9 of gestation (dG) with HD and LD, respectively; whereas group C was injected by (1 ml) of sodium chloride (0.9%) (as a control group). Then, all the groups (A, B and C) were dissected at 10 and 28 dG

Impacts of Dexamethazone on Progesterone, Calcitonin, and Progesterone Receptors in Domestic Pregnant Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Dexamethasone (DEX) is used to treat several diseases and medical conditions in both animals and humans. But the administration of synthetic glucocorticoids, including dexamethasone, as a treatment, brings about endocrine misbalance. Such a disequilibrium underlies pregnancy complications. The current study investigates effects of High Dose of DEX (HD) (1.125 mg) and Low Dose of DEX (LD) (0.562 mg) on Progesterone (P), Progesterone Receptors (PR) and Calcitonin (C) in domestic pregnant does (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Sixty pregnant does were caged in the animal house and divided into six groups; A, B, C, D, E and F (n=10). These groups are treated as follows: Groups A and B (as an experimental groups) were daily injected by (1ml) from day 5 to 9 of gestation (dG) with HD and LD, respectively; whereas group C was injected by (1 ml) of sodium chloride (0.9%) (as a control group). Then, all the groups (A, B and C) were dissected at 10 and 28 dG

Impacts of Dexamethazone on Progesterone, Calcitonin, and Progesterone Receptors in Domestic Pregnant Rabbit (Oryctolagus Cuniculus)

Dexamethasone (DEX) is used to treat several diseases and medical conditions in both animals and humans. But the administration of synthetic glucocorticoids, including dexamethasone, as a treatment, brings about endocrine misbalance. Such a disequilibrium underlies pregnancy complications. The current study investigates effects of High Dose of DEX (HD) (1.125 mg) and Low Dose of DEX (LD) (0.562 mg) on Progesterone (P), Progesterone Receptors (PR) and Calcitonin (C) in domestic pregnant does (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Sixty pregnant does were caged in the animal house and divided into six groups; A, B, C, D, E and F (n=10). These groups are treated as follows: Groups A and B (as an experimental groups) were daily injected by (1ml) from day 5 to 9 of gestation (dG) with HD and LD, respectively; whereas group C was injected by (1 ml) of sodium chloride (0.9%) (as a control group). Then, all the groups (A, B and C) were dissected at 10 and 28 dG

Effects of Dexamethasone on Trophoblastic, IDO, and Macrophage Cells in Domestic Pregnant Rabbits (Oryctolagus Cuniculus)

The healthy pregnancy requires a healthy fetal-maternal placental development that depends not only on invasion of fetal trophoblast but also on the presence of immune cells, such as macrophages. Dexamethasone (DEX) is used to treat several diseases, but exceed exposure to exogenous DEX may impair placental and fetal development and subsequent fetal loss. The current study investigates the effects of high dose of DEX (HD) (1.125 mg) and low dose of DEX (LD) (0.562 mg) on trophoblastic (T), IDO, andCD68 macrophage (M) cells in domestic pregnant rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Forty-eight pregnant does were caged in the animal house and divided into six groups, eight for each. These groups are treated as follows: groups A and B (as an experimental groups) were daily injected by (1ml) from day 5 to 9 of gestation (dG) with HD and LD, respectively; whereas group C was injected by (1 ml) of sodium chloride (0.9%) (as a control group). Then, all the groups (A, B and C) were dissected at 10 and 28 dG

Electromagnetic Properties of Inner Double Walled Carbon Nanotubes Investigated by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analytical technique was used to investigate the double walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) electromagnetic properties of inner walls. The local magnetic and electronic properties of inner nanotubes in DWNTs were analyzed using 25% 13C enriched C60 by which the effect of dipolar coupling could be minimized. The diamagnetic shielding was determined due to the ring currents on outer nanotubes in DWNTs. The NMR chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) spectra and spin-lattice relaxation studies reveal the metallic properties of the inner nanotubes with a signature of the spin-gap opening below 70 K