Financial Intermediation in Muslim Community: Issues and Problems

It is widely known that Muslim society inherited an interest based financial intermediation system from others instead of developing their own banking system. However, Muslim Economists and scholars around the world made efforts to have and develop their own financial intermediation since there was no initial working model to act upon, except the belief that interest-based financial intermediation might be replaced by an Islamic one on the basis of profit-and loss sharing. During the last four decades, Islamic financial intermediation industry became a reality that the Muslim society around the world can see and practice. However, the Islamic financial intermediation in the world has been facing numerous problems of challenges. It raises a number of issues and potential problems which can be seen from the macro and micro operational point of view. Developing the Islamic financial intermediation depends on clarifying these issues and presenting them in order to focus on them studying and remedying. This paper aims to cover the ground of issues of Islamic financial intermediation that rose during its short age. Such issues prevent Islamic financial intermediation from its operating with its full efficiency level. Even no attempt to remedy these issues, presenting these issues and problems and classifying them according to their type is very valuable for sustained growth and development of the Islamic financial intermediation. Such work is a valuable contribution to build the Islamic financial intermediation industry on sound theoretical foundations.

Thermoelectric effects in graphene with local spin-orbit interaction

We investigate the transport properties of a graphene layer in the presence of Rashba spin-orbit interaction. Quite generally, spin-orbit interactions induce spin splittings and modifications of the graphene bandstructure. We calculate within the scattering approach the linear electric and thermoelectric responses of a clean sample when the Rashba coupling is localized around a finite region. We find that the thermoelectric conductance, unlike its electric counterpart, is quite sensitive to external modulations of the Fermi energy. Therefore, our results suggest that thermocurrent measurements may serve as a useful tool to detect nonhomogeneous spin-orbit interactions present in a graphene-based device. Furthermore, we find that the junction thermopower is largely dominated by an intrinsic term independently of the spin-orbit potential scattering. We discuss the possibility of cancelling the intrinsic thermopower by resolving the Seebeck coefficient in the subband space. This causes unbalanced populations of electronic modes which can be tuned with external gate voltages or applied temperature biases.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures. The Eq.(27) and the definition of charge thermopower have been correcte

Zoning and the Law of Nuisance

We calculate density and current spatial distributions of a 2D model junction between a normal QAH contact and a superconducting QAH region hosting propagating (chiral) Majorana modes. We use a simplified Hamiltonian describing the spatial coupling of the modes on each side of the junction, as well as the related junction conductance. We study how this coupling is affected by orbital effects caused by an external magnetic field.This work was funded by MINEICO-Spain, grant MAT2017-82639

Coulomb-blockade effect in nonlinear mesoscopic capacitors

We consider an interacting quantum dot working as a coherent source of single electrons. The dot is tunnel coupled to a reservoir and capacitively coupled to a gate terminal with an applied ac potential. At low frequencies, this is the quantum analog of the RC circuit with a purely dynamical response. We investigate the quantized dynamics as a consequence of ac pulses with large amplitude. Within a Keldysh-Green function formalism we derive the time-dependent current in the Coulomb blockade regime. Our theory thus extends previous models that considered either noninteracting electrons in nonlinear response or interacting electrons in the linear regime. We prove that the electron emission and absorption resonances undergo a splitting when the charging energy is larger than the tunnel broadening. For very large charging energies, the additional peaks collapse and the original resonances are recovered, though with a reduced amplitude. Quantization of the charge emitted by the capacitor is reduced due to Coulomb repulsion and additional plateaus arise. Additionally, we discuss the differential capacitance and resistance as a function of time. We find that to leading order in driving frequency the current can be expressed as a weighted sum of noninteracting currents shifted by the charging energy.Comment: 13 pages, 9 figures. Minor changes. Published versio

Aportació a la flora orquidiòfila de les Illes Balears

Abstract not availabl

Effect of Dental Scaling and Root Planing on Serum Inflammatory Markers in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease: A Systematic Review

Background: Coronary heart disease is a common manifestation of atherosclerosis. Various inflammatory markers including C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and fibrinogen play role in the development of atherosclerosis. Periodontitis is the inflammation of teeth supporting structures initiated by bacteria of the oral biofilm. Several studies have shown that periodontitis is associated with increased levels of serum inflammatory markers involved in atherosclerosis. Recently, there is an increasing number of trials investigating the effect of scaling and root planing on reducing level of systemic inflammation between periodontal maintenance visits in patients with coronary heart disease to decrease the inflammatory burden in this targeted population and the risk of secondary cardiovascular event. Objective: The aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review to investigate the effect of dental scaling and root planning on reducing the serum levels of inflammatory markers in patients with stable coronary heart disease. Method: Electronic searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, World Health Organization (WHO) International Trials Registry Platform, and Google Scholar beta to identify randomized controlled trial evaluated the effect of scaling and root planing on the level of serum inflammatory markers in patients with stable coronary heart disease to those who have coronary heart disease but received no treatment or simple oral hygiene measures only. Results: A total of 358 studies were initially identified from the search; 4 studies met the inclusion criteria and were selected for this systematic review. All of the included studies have considered C-reactive protein as a main outcome measure. Only one study considered evaluating the effect on fibrinogen, another study on interleukin-6, and two studies on tumor necrosis factor-alpha. In general, the results of the included randomized controlled trials appear to support the effectiveness of scaling and root planing in reducing serum levels of inflammatory markers. However, most of the studies involved small sample sizes except for one study, and there was inconsistency between the studies in the time considered for assessing the change in the level of serum inflammatory markers. Conclusion: There is a low evidence from the current literature supporting the effect of scaling and root planing in reducing systemic inflammatory markers including C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and fibrinogen in patients with stable coronary heart disease. Future research should include observational studies to assess the effect of scaling and root planing in reducing the inflammatory burden in this targeted population and the risk of secondary cardiovascular event

Data Visualization: Roberto Alomar

This data visualization project draws from Giorgia Lupi and Stefanie Posavec’s book Dear Data: A Friendship in 52 Weeks of Postcards. After thorough research and note-taking from given and discovered resources, students were asked to respond to the novel coronavirus and the outbreak of its affiliated illness, COVID-19. As designers, students were given the responsibility to deliver information about the current culture while also acting as a participant to history — a primary” source. The object was to document history while also allowing for moments of positivity in the midst of such anxiety and uncertainty. Students gathered data about every time they heard or read the words “coronavirus” or “COVID-19.” They were told to keep a sketchbook handy at all times. Each time they heard or read one of the phrases, they noted when it happened; what they were doing; whom they were with; and other details. From this, they created data visualizations inspired by the examples in Dear Data. ”You are actually creating a primary source of history for others to rely on in the future,” said Misty Thomas-Trout, assistant professor of art and design. “Try to enjoy this.”https://ecommons.udayton.edu/stu_vad_covid19/1051/thumbnail.jp

The Chemical Changes That Associating to Concentrates of Apple Juice During Storage Periods

we took in this work Twenty kg of apple juice concentrate (70%) from company of Natural Aljabal Juice from AL-suidaa Governorate and prarerd two concentarate (15% and 35%) by using distilled –sterlization water . these samples stoered at (4-20-30-40)ºc for 6 months . Chemical tests were assayed in the every month average two repeats to every concentrate and all different temperatures and recored the average, The chemical analysis results show: There is reduce in total soluble solids TSS , afew changes of pH and the acidity relaise in all samples that storage at 20 ºc beacause it is agreeable for oraganisms to grow.The produces of oeganisms were ( patuline - diacytle- alcohol ): the amount of patuline that is determine with Liquid Chromatography (HPLC ) was less than 50micro gram/kg in juice in all samples and under all condtation storage that is less than limit value for fumble device, there was relaised of amount in diacytle in samples of juice 15% (4.1±0.3) ppm in the end of second storage at temperature 20 ºc while the amount of apple juice 35%-70% was very little 1.9ppm at temperature 30 ºc for apple juice in the third month of storage and 1.69 ppm for apple juice 70% in the third month of storage at 20 ºc, amonnt of alcohol relies to upper value (2.55 ± 0.1) % in apple juice 35% at 20 ºc in the sixth month of storage , the amount of alcohol in apple juice 20% was (1.25 ±0.4 )% in the sixth month of storage and 0.52 % in apple juice 70% at 30ºc in the second month of storage . Keywords: Apple juice concentrate - total soluble solids TSS- diacytle – patulin- alcohol

Drawing Together: Using Sketchbooks to Gain Insight on a Program\u27s Effectiveness

Drawing Together is an activity based on work in Extension and other fields that involves drawing as way of delivering information or collecting participant impressions about a program. It was used as part of the Healthy Garden and Healthy Living program in New Jersey and produced impressions about the program that were candid, reflective, and useful. A simple set of instructions can be used to collect information in sketchbooks, and the content can be analyzed in a variety of ways. This flexible activity can be easily incorporated as part of an existing Extension program or an interdisciplinary collaboration