Airspace analysis for greener operations: towards more adoptability and predictability of continuous descent approach (cda)

Continuous Descent Approach (CDA), also known as Optimized Profile Descent (OPD), is the advanced flight technique for commercial aircraft to descend continuously from cruise altitude to Final Approach Fix (FAF) or touchdown without level-offs and with- or near-idle thrust setting. Descending using CDA, aircraft stays as high as possible for longer time thereby expanding the vertical distance between aircraft\u27s sources of noise and ground, and thus significantly reducing the noise levels for populated areas around airports. Also, descending with idle engines, fuel burn is reduced resulting in reduction of harmful emissions to the environment and fuel consumption to air carriers. Due to safety considerations, CDA procedures may require more separation between aircraft, which could reduce the full utilization of runway capacity. Thus, CDA has been limited to low to moderate traffic levels at airports. Several studies in literature have used various approaches to present solutions to the problem of increasing the CDA implementation during periods of high traffic at airports. However, insufficient attention was given to define thresholds that would help Air Traffic Controllers (ATC) to manage and accommodate more CDA operations, strategically and tactically. Bridging this gap is the main intent of this work. This research focus is on increasing CDA operations at airports during high traffic levels by considering factors that impact its CDA adoption as they relate to airports\u27 demographics, and airspace around them {known as terminal maneuvering area (TMA)}. To capture the effect of these factors on CDA Adoptability (CDA-A), in general, and CDA Predictability (CDA-P), at the operational level, two (2) approaches are introduced. The CDA-A model defines and captures the maximum level of traffic threshold for CDA adoption. The model captures the factors affecting CDA in a single measure, which are designated collectively as the Probability of Blocking. It is defined as the fraction of time an aircraft\u27s request to embark on CDA is denied. The denial could emanate from safety concerns as well as other operational conditions, such as the congestion of the stacking space within the TMA. This metric should enhance ATC on the strategic level to increasing CDA operations during possibly higher traffic than normally the case. The other approach is for a CDA-P. This model is developed based on data-driven system approach. It extracts traffic features, such as aircraft type and speed, altitude, and rate of descent; from actual flights data to aid in further operational utilization of CDA in real time. By accurately predicting CDA instances during high traffic at airports, the CDA-P model should assist ATC manage adopting more CDA operations during periods of high demand. Through its framework, the CDA-P model utilizes Feature Engineering and Hierarchal Clustering Analysis, to facilitate descent profile visualization and labeling, for building, training, testing, and validation of CDA predictive models using Decision Trees with AdaBoost and Support Vector Machines (SVM). The CDA-P model is validated using actual flight data operated at Nashville Int\u27l Airport (BNA)

Saad Elkhadem's The Plague in English: A Study of the Translation Strategies used to Recreate the Egyptian Ethos

This thesis focuses on translation as a transcultural activity. It studies the foreignizing and domesticating translation strategies used to recreate the Egyptian ethos in the translation of Elkhadems The Plague from Arabic to English. Five theories are incorporated in the analysis. These are Venutis Domesticating and Foreignizing Theory; Tourys DTS; Genettes Paratexts; Pedersens taxonomy of strategies for rendering culture-bound references and his classification of culture-bound elements; and Vermeers Skopos Theory. Three types of analysis are conducted: a literary analysis of the source text; a microanalysis of the target text, further divided into an analysis of the novel's paratexts and a descriptive analysis of ninety-eight culture-bound references; and finally, a macro-analysis of the overall norms and of the skopos of the translation showing how both affect the transmission of the Egyptian ethos. Overall, this thesis provides some insight into the influence of translation on cultural identity

Impact of E-Marketing on Consumer Buying Behavior

In this modern and mechanized world the businesses area doping a number of tools and techniques for marketing. However all the tools are deriving results but the most updated method of marketing is the electronic marketing. It is the method of marketing that derives more target customers as compared to the other techniques. Researchers have sown that since the technology has updated and today the customers are aware of the technology. The customers are more interested in the social media websites and the applications. Hence these applications have becomea good spot of advertisements and promotion. Similarly the search engines are offering adds policy that derives the customers in thebusiness and ultimately maximizes the revenues for the business

MAM14 Immunotherapy New Modality Treat Autoimmune Disorder

There is no safe single treatment for autoimmune disorders until this writing. This new modality is challenging this notion with safe no toxic method named MAM14 immunotherapy. This new method have been tried on several types of autoimmune disorders in the last 25 years in our lab at Kuwait University Faculty of Medicine. In this article we demonstrate the difference of MAM14 on four out of the 14 autoimmune disorder studied compared to control who received conventional chemotherapy.  Data accumulated of 1400 patients compared to 1400 controls. For the present article the sample we chose 10 patients treated with MAM14 for each disease studied compared to 10 control- patients from the same sickness but treated by conventional immunosuppressant chemotherapy, Cyclosporine, Methotrexate ,Tacrolimus or steroid.  MAM14 immunotherapy In brief is vaccination of patients by allogeneic stressed peripheral blood lymphocytes.   Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes isolated from venous whole blood on Ficoll-Paque centrifugation.Cultured for 24 hours in sterile physiological enriched media. Vaccinated subcutaneously into forearm of patients. Vaccination given every 4 weeks for four visits.  4 autoimmune disorder included in this study namely insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and anterior uveitis. Total 40 patients-  treated by MAM14 method 10 patients of each disease compared to 10 control patients of the same disorder but on conventional chemotherapy. Prism Graph pad biostatistical package was used for data analysis.  Data accumulated showed significant improvement in signs and symptoms of the present autoimmune disorders studied. Namely insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and anterior uveitis.  MAM14 immunotherapy showed superior improvement and safety on the long run compared to control patients who receive conventional immunosuppressant.Mechanism postulated that culturing cells in vitro cause shedding of antigens, these antigens direct autoreactive pathogenic T cells convert to regulatory protective T cells in the presence of peripheral stem cells leading to restoring tolerance and switching off autoimmunity reaction.

Student-centered learning objects to support the self-regulated learning of computer science

The most current computing curriculum guidelines focus on designing learning materials to prepare students for lifelong learning. Under the lifelong learning paradigm, students are responsible for controlling and monitoring their learning processes. This undoubtedly includes the ability to choose suitable learning materials. Correspondingly, instructional paradigms are shifting from teacher-centered to more student-centered models that require students to be self-regulated learners. On the other hand, recent trends in learning materials’ instructional design focus on moving toward the concept of Learning Object-based instructional technology. A learning object is a unit of instruction with a specific pedagogical objective that can be used and reused in different learning contexts. Designing learning objects to support students in their self-regulated learning is not an easy task due to the lack of underlying pedagogical frameworks. It is difficult to find learning objects related to students’ specific preferences and requirements. In this study, a number of learning objects are designed to support the self-regulated learning of programming languages concepts based on the theory of learning styles. Students’ interactions with these learning objects are managed using an online learning object repository. The repository helps students identify their preferred learning styles and find the relevant learning objects. The results of the evaluations of these learning objects revealed that students perceive them to be easy to use and effective in supporting their learning about different programming languages concepts

The Impact of Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty on E-Marketing: Moderating Effect of Perceived Value

The paper discusses the various components that impacts customer satisfaction, loyalty, e-marketing and perceived value has the moderating effect. Online platforms continues been important because of the reach and the diversity of the customers meaning e-marketing should target the unique market. It includes developing products and services in addition to procedures and processes that reflect the wants of the customers. For example, the studies have shown the design of the website, customer engagement, and skills integrated into the entire processes are important. Factors such as security, ease of navigation, conflict resolution and effective feedback systems are example of frameworks that creates a positive reputation about a form, which increase the satisfaction of the users. Recommendations have also been provided for the ways and strategies that businesses have to operate to create customer loyalty and sustain such loyalty. The Impact of Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty on E-Marketing: Moderating Effect of Perceived Value In marketing regime, customer loyalty is seen as the most important issues that affect way business is conducted and performed. Managers and researchers have used many antecedents for explaining customer loyalty. The literature also provides numerous measures for evaluating loyalty (Jain et al. 2018; Momotaz & Hasan, 2018). The common perspective of loyalty and customer satisfaction is based on repurchase intention and customer commitment (Pandey & Chawla, 2018). Word of mouth and willingness to pay are defined as the direct variables that are consequences of loyalty (Pandey & Chawla, 2016; Jain et al. 2018). Loyal customers provide numerous advantages to an organization including recommendation to others, higher share of wallet, and higher customer retention rates. Customer satisfaction and perceived value are linked to companies’ financial performance, recommend intention, repurchase and retention. Researchers perceives marketing as a framework that embraces the conception of the value notion in that customer ways the benefits received from the firm the offers the products and services and the consumer is ready to acquire the product foregoing other benefits (Ahmad, Rahman & Khan, 2017; Momotaz & Hasan, 2018). The goal of any establishment is customer satisfaction, which creates numerous benefits to an establishment (Pandey & Chawla, 2016; Potdar et al. 2018). Satisfaction with brands, companies, products and services is important influencing post purchase response that is directly tired with consumer outcomes such as retention and loyalty. Companies continuously want to understand the behavior of their customers and have employed numbers measuring metrics. Example of these metrics includes Net Promoter Score and satisfaction (Khadim et al. 2018; Momotaz & Hasan, 2018). The customers through such mechanisms can be satisfied and can persuade others to acquire from a specific brand or company (Ahmad, Rahman & Khan, 2017; Jain et al. 2018). However, when customers value a competitor’s products and services, it means a company could continue loosing (Ting et al., 2016; Potdar et al. 2018). The integral component is the word of mouth communication in that information can be spread from one customer to the next (Fan, Kim & Lee, 2016). Some of the information shared includes services, products, brands and other information specific to a company or a brand. Managers continuously use the word of mouth strategic approach, which contributes to the likelihood of purchase, value ratings and changes in consumer judgments. Perceived value is the merits or worth that a customer ascribes to a service or product. In most instances, the customers are unaware of variables tied to a service or product such as pricing and the solution to the consumers is the emotional appeal of the product or service (Ahmad, Rahman & Khan, 2017; Momotaz & Hasan, 2018). Consumer’s perceived value refers to the price that a consumer is ready to pat for products or services (Pandey & Chawla, 2018; Potdar et al. 2018). Customers focus on the final outcome of the product or project such as the need to meet certain satisfaction is the role of marketers. Perceived utility is also important because it refers to the values and benefits consumer receives from the use of service and product. Consumers demand services and products that offer and are useful to the customer and unsatisfied customer may not have a positive view of the product and service (Khadim et al. 2018; Jain et al. 2018). Perceived value also communicates expectations about the service and products. Therefore, perceived value is the persuasion or consumer behavior to acquire a product or service and is satisfied with the pricing. The expectation of the consumers is fulfilling inherent needs and wants

Disability Policy and Wheelchair Users’ Accessibility in Jordan

The main purpose of this article was to evaluate wheelchair users’ access to public buildings in Jordan. The key assumption was that accessibility to public buildings in Jordan did not meet the needs of wheelchair users. Field observation method was applied using the accessibility checklist of Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG) as a tool to collect data from a randomly selected sample of 30 buildings in Amman city. Quantitative analysis was used and results show that the average level of accessibility compliance of the surveyed buildings was too low (23%) to meet the needs of wheelchair users. The study concluded that little progress has actually been achieved in terms of environmental accessibility, which implies that Jordan’s disability policy was not successful in creating accessible environments in which wheelchair users’ equal rights of access to education, employment and basic services is guaranteed. The conclusion also sends a clear message to professionals and decision makers that despite the existence of disability legislation, wheelchair users are still facing physical and social barriers that prohibit their access to public buildings. In other words, law without recognition of the rights of people with disabilities tends to become ineffective

IgA Nephropathy Improved by a New Modality: MAM14 Immunotherapy: A Case Report in Kuwait

A 45 Year-old- Kuwaiti female with a case of IgA nephropathy (IgA N) was studied from 2002 to 2014 at Mubarak Hospital. The chief complaint was hematuria. In the first year she was given a conventional corticosteroid regimen. Her parameters at this stage are used as controls for the remainder of the study. She was treated with FK506 immunosuppressant capsules in the second year and vaccinated with allogeneic peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in the third year. This study includes the following parameters: serum creatinine, serum albumin, IgA level, and 24-hour urine protein. In the first year the patient was only on corticosteroid, in the second year only FK506, and in the third year was treated only with PBL vaccination. A booster dose of vaccine was administered after approximately 5 years. The patient’s significant improvements after PBL vaccination have persisted for 9 years. The mechanism postulated for this kind of immunotherapy is induction of novel therapeutic antigens, including heat shock protein (HSP), that interact with autoreactive T or B cells in the recipient. The result is T regulatory cells (T-reg) claimed to be responsible for shifting T-cell detrimental function to regulatory function, hence preventing the pathological production and deposition of IgA in the kidney. Data accumulated from our lab, but not yet published, demonstrates that MAM14 immunotherapy ameliorates symptoms and signs of certain autoimmune disorders