The effects of two resistance training systems (Drop sets) and (Super sets) on some body and physical measurements among physical education college students

هدفت هذه الدراسة التعرف إلى الفروق بين تأثير نظامي تدريب المقاومات (Drop sets) و(Super sets) على بعض القياسات الجسمية والبدنية، وتم استخدام المنهج التجريبي، وتكونت عينة الدراسة من (8) طلاب من كلية التربية الرياضية (2) تم تقسيمهم إلى مجموعتين تجريبيتين متكافئتين، المجموعة الأولى تجريبية تكونت من (4) طلاب خضعوا لبرنامج تدريب المقاومات بنظام الدروب سيت (Drop sets)، والمجموعة الثانية تجريبية تكونت من (4) طلاب خضعوا لبرنامج تدريب المقاومات بنظام السوبر سيت (Super sets)، ترواحت مدة كل برنامج (8) أسابيع بواقع (3) وحدات تدريبية أسبوعياً، تم قياس محيط العضد الأيمن والأيسر ومحيط الفخذ الأيمن والأيسر، ومحيط الصدر، وتم إجراء اختبارات للقوة القصوى لعضلات الظهر والرجلين باستخدام الديناموميتر، والقوة الإنفجارية باستخدام اختبار الوثب الطويل من الثبات، وتحمل القوة باستخدام اختبار (Sit -ups) الجلوس من الرقود لمدة (30) ث من خلال أكبر عدد تكرارات، والقوة القصوى لعضلات الصدر والذراعين باستخدام اختبار الصدر المستوي لمرة واحدة، وأشارت نتائج الدراسة بأنه لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى α ≤ 0.05 بالقياس البعدي بين نظامي تدريب المقاومات دروب سيت (Drop sets) وسوبر سيت (Super sets) على بعض القياسات الجسمية والبدنية، ولكن كانت نسب التحسن أعلى لنظام تدريب المقاومات دروب سيت (Drop set) عن نظام تدريب المقاومات سوبر سيت (Super sets) في محيط العضد الأيمن والأيسر، ومحيط الفخذ الأيمن والأيسر، ومحيط الصدر، والقوة القصوى لعضلات الظهر والرجلين، والقوة الانفجارية لاختبار الوثب الطويل من الثبات، وتحمل القوة لاختبار (Sit -ups) الجلوس من الرقود لمدة (30)ث، لدى طلاب كلية التربية الرياضية، وأوصى الباحثون باستخدام تمرينات المقاومات بنظام الدروب سيت (Drop sets) عند التعليم والتدريب على المهارات التي تحتاج إلى القوة وتحمل القوة والسرعة لدى طلاب كلية التربية الرياضيةThis study aimed to compare the effect of resistance training systems (Drop sets) and (Super sets) on some body and physical measurements, The experimental method was used, And the study sample consisted of (8) students from physical education students who were divided into two equal experimental groups. The first group consisted of (4) students involved in a drop sets resistances training system program, and the second experimental group consisted of (4) students involved in a super sets resistance training system program. The duration of each program was (8) weeks, (3) training units per week. It was measure the right and left humerus circumference, the right and left thigh circumference, and the chest circumference, the maximum strength of the back and leg muscles were tested using dynamometer, the standing long jump test used to measure the power, the set-ups test for (30) secende to measure the strength endurance, the maximum strength of the chest and arm muscles using a (1RM) flat chest test, The results of the study indicated that there were no statistically significant differences at the level of α ≤ 0.05 in the post measurement between the Drop sets and the Super sets on some physical measurements, It was apparent differences improvement higher for the Drop set system than the Super sets system in the left and right humerus circumference, the left and right thigh circumference, the chest circumference, the maximum strength of the back and legs muscles, and the speed strength by the standind long jump test, strength endurance by Sit -ups (30)s , the researchers recommended to use the drop sets system when teaching and training on skills that need strength, strength endurance and speed, among students of the faculty of physical educatio

Potential of microalgae as a sustainable feed ingredient for aquaculture

An increase in fish consumption, combined with a decrease in wild fish harvest, is driving the aquaculture industry at rapid pace. Today, farmed seafood accounts for about half of all global seafood demand for human consumption. As the aquaculture industry continues to grow, so does the market for aquafeed. Currently, some of the feed ingredients are coming from low-value forage fishes (fish meal) and terrestrial plants. The production of fish meal can’t be increased as it would affect the sustainability and ecosystem of the ocean. Similarly, increasing the production of terrestrial plant-based feed leads to deforestation and increased freshwater use. Hence, alternative and environmentally sustainable sources of feed ingredients need to be developed. Microalgae biomasses represent potential feed source ingredients as the cell metabolites of these microorganisms contain a blend of essential amino acids, healthy triglycerides as fat, vitamins, and pigments. In addition to serving as bulk ingredient in aquafeed, their unique array of bioactive compounds can increase the survivability of farmed species, improve coloration and quality of fillet. Microalgae has the highest areal biomass productivities among photosynthetic organisms, including fodder crops, and thus has a high commercial potential. Also, microalgal production has a low water and arable-land footprint, making microalgal-based feed environmentally sustainable. This review paper will explore the potential of producing microalgae biomass as an ingredient of aquaculture feed.publishedVersio

The Role of Social Networks in Enhancing the National Affiliation among Kuwait University Students دور شبكات التواصل الاجتماعي في تعزيز الانتماء الوطني لدى طلبة جامعة الكويت

Abstract: The study aims to reveal the role of social networks in enhancing the national Affiliation among Kuwait University Students. The questionnaire was used as a tool to collect data. The descriptive analytical methodology was used. A sample has been taken randomly to represent the population of the study. The sample consisted of (310) staff members. The results of the study showed that the role of social networks in enhancing the national affiliation among Kuwait university students was medium. There were no statistically significant differences of role of social networks in enhancing the national affiliation among Kuwait university students due to years of experience and academic qualification.The study recommended that the need to design a strong infrastructure that integrates technology in order to be adopted as an attractive way to enhance students\u27 belonging. ملخص: هدفت الدراسة كشف دور شبكات التواصل الاجتماعي في تعزيز الانتماء الوطني لدى طلبة جامعة الكويت, إذ تم استخدام الاستبانة أداة لجمع البيانات, في حين تم استخدام المنهج الوصفي التحليلي, تم اخذ عينة بالطريقة العشوائية لتمثيل مجتمع العينة, تكونت من (310) أعضاء هيئة تدريس. وتوصلت نتائج الدراسة إلى أن دور شبكات التواصل الاجتماعي في تعزيز الانتماء الوطني لدى طلبة جامعة الكويت جاء بدرجة متوسطة, وعدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في دور شبكات التواصل الاجتماعي في تعزيز الانتماء الوطني لدى طلبة جامعة الكويت من وجهة أعضاء هيئة التدريس تعزى لمتغيرات سنوات الخبرة, والمؤهل العلمي, وأوصت الدراسة بضرورة تصميم بنية تحتية قوية تدمج التكنولوجيا فيها بهدف اعتمادها كأسلوب جذاب لتعزيز الانتماء لدى الطلبة

A feasibility study of utilizing hydrothermal liquefaction derived aqueous phase as nutrients for semi-continuous cultivation of Tetraselmis sp.

The feasibility of substituting 50% nutrients by aqueous phase liquid (APL), derived from hydrothermal liquefaction of Tetraselmis sp. biomass, in a semi-continuous cultivation of Tetraselmis sp. was studied. Growth experiments were conducted in indoor photobioreactor and outdoor raceway tank for three consecutive cycles. At the end of exponential growth pahse, 75% of the culture was harvested, and the supernatant was returned to the cultivation system. For control cultures, fresh nutrients were added; however, for the experimental cultures, an appropriate volume of APL was added to replace half of the nutrients. Either indoor or outdoor, the growth rate and biomass yield in APL-added cultures were either equal or slightly better compared to control culture; although APL had little to no effect on the metabolite content of Tetraselmis sp., metabolites profile of Tetraselmis sp. varied between APL-added and control cultures. Nevertheless, 50% nutrients requirements for microalgae cultivation could be replaced by APL. 2019 Elsevier LtdThe authors would like to acknowledge the support of Qatar National Research Fund (QNRF, a member of Qatar Foundation) for providing the funding (under grant NPRP8-646-2-272 ) for this study.Scopu

Utilization of Microalgae for Urban Wastewater Treatment and Valorization of Treated Wastewater and Biomass for Biofertilizer Applications

Rapid urbanization has substantially increased freshwater consumption and consequent wastewater generation. The produced wastewater is an abundant resource of phosphorus, nitrogen, and organics. Currently, well-established activated sludge processes are utilized in conventional wastewater treatment plants to remove organics. However, removing nitrogenous and phosphorus compounds continues to be challenging and energy-intensive for urban wastewater treatment plants. Therefore, the current study aims to understand how photosynthetic microalgae can recover phosphorus and nitrogen from urban wastewater and how wastewater-grown microalgae biomass may be used as a biofertilizer and biostimulant. Utilizing microalgae biomass treated with urban wastewater as a biofertilizer promotes plant growth in a manner similar to other organic manures and conventional fertilizers while minimizing nutrient loss to the soil. Furthermore, the microalgal recovery of nutrients from urban wastewater could have potential energy reductions of 47% and 240% for nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively. In addition to producing treated wastewater suitable for a variety of irrigation systems, microalgae biomass is a potential sustainable alternative resource that could reduce conventional inorganic fertilizer usage

A comparison of bio-crude oil production from five marine microalgae – Using life cycle analysis

Marine microalgae biomass could offer a viable feedstock for sustainably producing biofuel by hydrothermal liquefaction. In this study, five promising marine microalgae (i.e., Tetraselmis, Picochlorum, Synechococcus, Chroococcidiopsis, and Dunaliella), having different characteristics, were studied for biocrude oil production. The overall microalgal biocrude oil production process was divided into six unit operations: water supply, CO2 supply, nutrient supply, cultivation, harvesting, and HTL process. Models were developed for these unit processes such that once the key parameters of any unit process are known, the corresponding energy consumption could be determined. While the selection of the cultivation site influenced the energy requirements for sourcing seawater and CO2, the characteristics of the strain influenced energy requirements for the other four-unit operations. A cradle-to-grave concept was assumed to compare the life cycle assessment of the five strains. Among these strains, Tetraselmis sp. provided the most favorable energy balance with a net energy gain of 1.77 GJ/barrel of biocrude, an energy return on investment value of 2.81, and GHG reduction potential of 129 kg CO2 equivalent/barrel of biocrude. Further investigation with sensitivity analysis confirmed that the net energy yield for Tetraselmis sp. was least affected by a ±10% variation of the parameters of the unit processes.The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the Qatar National Research Fund (QNRF, a member of Qatar Foundation) for providing the funding (under grant NPRP8-646-2-272) for this study

A study to investigate the energy recovery potential from different macromolecules of a low-lipid marine Tetraselmis sp. biomass through HTL process

This study investigated the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of extracted major macromolecules from Tetraselmis sp. biomass. The carbohydrate fraction was first recovered from Tetraselmis biomass using pressurized heated water. The crude lipid fraction was then extracted from carbohydrate-free biomass by hexane. The remaining biomass was considered as protein extract. HTL runs were conducted from 275 to 350 °C and 30 min for each extract; the maximum biocrude yields for carbohydrate, lipid, and proteins were obtained at 325, 325, and 350 °C, respectively. Next, HTL runs of these macromolecules were conducted at 350 °C for 10–60 min. The highest biocrude yields from carbohydrate, lipid, and protein extracts were obtained at 45, 20, and 45 min, respectively. The optimal energy recovery, as biocrude, from carbohydrate, lipid, and protein extracts were 41, 85, and 81%, respectively. Therefore, microalgae biomass with low carbohydrate content or carbohydrate-extracted biomass could be used as feedstock for biocrude production.The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the Qatar National Research Fund (QNRF, a member of Qatar Foundation) for providing the funding (under grant NPRP8-646-2-272) for this study. The authors also appreciate the assistance of Dr. Ahmed from the Central Laboratories Unit (CLU), Qatar University, for the CHNS analysis

Nutrients and Energy Digestibility of Microalgal Biomass for Fish Feed Applications

Aquafeed accounts for at least 75–90% of aquaculture’s operating costs. Traditional aquafeed ingredients such as fishmeal, fish oil, and soybean meal are unsustainable; further, their increasing cost necessities developing alternative feed ingredients. Microalgae-based aquafeed is not only environmentally friendly, but it can also be cost-effective with proper optimization. In addition, the nutrition profile of microalgae is similar to that of many fishes. The digestibility of a feed is one of the most important factors to consider in feed formulation. A highly digestible feed can lower production costs, reduce feed waste, and reduce the risk of eutrophication. This review discusses the digestibility of various nutrients such as protein, lipid, carbohydrate, amino acids, and fatty acids (including omega-3 fatty acids), dry matter, and energy of various microalgae in fish. Other commonly used aquafeed ingredients were also compared to microalgae in terms of nutrient and energy digestibility in fish. The intrinsic characteristics of microalgae, biomass pretreatment, and feed preparation methods are all discussed as factors that contribute to the nutrient and energy digestibility of microalgae in fish. Furthermore, methods for increasing the digestibility of microalgal biomass in fish are suggested. Finally, the review concludes with the challenges and prospects of using microalgae as a fish feed in terms of digestibility

Potential of microalgae as a sustainable feed ingredient for aquaculture

An increase in fish consumption, combined with a decrease in wild fish harvest, is driving the aquaculture industry at rapid pace. Today, farmed seafood accounts for about half of all global seafood demand for human consumption. As the aquaculture industry continues to grow, so does the market for aquafeed. Currently, some of the feed ingredients are coming from low-value forage fishes (fish meal) and terrestrial plants. The production of fish meal can’t be increased as it would affect the sustainability and ecosystem of the ocean. Similarly, increasing the production of terrestrial plant-based feed leads to deforestation and increased freshwater use. Hence, alternative and environmentally sustainable sources of feed ingredients need to be developed. Microalgae biomasses represent potential feed source ingredients as the cell metabolites of these microorganisms contain a blend of essential amino acids, healthy triglycerides as fat, vitamins, and pigments. In addition to serving as bulk ingredient in aquafeed, their unique array of bioactive compounds can increase the survivability of farmed species, improve coloration and quality of fillet. Microalgae has the highest areal biomass productivities among photosynthetic organisms, including fodder crops, and thus has a high commercial potential. Also, microalgal production has a low water and arable-land footprint, making microalgal-based feed environmentally sustainable. This review paper will explore the potential of producing microalgae biomass as an ingredient of aquaculture feed

Microalgal bioremediation of brackish aquaculture wastewater

Rapid aquaculture industry development contributed to a major increase in aquaculture wastewater generation. In the context of a circular economy, aquaculture wastewater treatment should simultaneously recover nutrients from the wastewater. Among many treatment methods, bioremediation using microalgae could be a cost-effective and environmentally friendly system that can be applied to treat aquaculture wastewater and simultaneously produce high-value microalgal biomass. This study explored the feasibility of treating brackish wastewater (0.8 % NaCl) generated from a Qatari commercial tilapia farm by microalgae. At first, 10 strains were grown using wastewater from the local farm in an indoor experiment. Based on nitrogen assimilation, biomass yield, biomass quality, and ease of harvesting, 4 candidate strains (Haematococcus sp., Neochloris sp., Monoraphidium sp., and Nostoc sp.) were shortlisted for outdoor growth experiments. Although Nostoc sp. could not grow outdoor in the wastewater, the other three strains were able to assimilate at least 70.5 % of the total nitrogen in the wastewater. Haematococcus sp. and Neochloris sp. could be harvested using self-settling, whereas Monoraphidium required an energy-intensive tangential flow filtration membrane process. Hence, the overall energy requirement for bioremediation, including biomass dewatering, for Haematococcus sp., Neochloris sp., and Monoraphidium sp. were determined as 0.64, 0.78, and 5.68 MJ/m3, respectively. Neochloris sp. had almost twice the biomass yield compared to Haematococcus sp. - suggesting that Neochloris sp. could be a potential candidate for aquaculture wastewater treatment. 2023 Elsevier B.V.The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the Qatar National Research Fund (QNRF, a member of Qatar Foundation) for providing the funding (under grant GSRA8-L-2-0509-21037 ) for this study.Scopu