On Systems of Systems Engineering: Online Distance Education Systems Key Challenges

Technology development have affected educational delivery around the world. The utilization and implementation of online learning is rising at a staggering manner. Online Distance learning has become an urgent need recently. The use of distance learning has appeared in the past ten years, the learning has been extended by the technology from classrooms in the schools into online learning. Online Learning adopted in various universities, educational institutions and schools worldwide. Recently, with the emergency situations due to the epidemic of COVID -19, and according to the recommendations by World Health Organization for social distance, most of the educational institutions worldwide tend to utilize the online learning instead of traditional learning. Although the online learning has been implemented years ago, still it faces challenges. The author of this research paper aim to explore the key challenges that reported while implementing Online Distance Education System as Systems of Systems. The author then outlines research agenda that identifies 11 research themes that can be considered as a solution for the current Online Distance Education System implementations challenges

Acceptance of Self-Driving Cars in United Arab Emirates

Transportation industry witnessing a revolution of the emerging of self-driving cars which are autonomous vehicles that drive by itself without human involvement. It is expected that self-driving cars would have powerful feature and would provide a lot of benefits such as reducing traveling time, reducing traffic jams, reducing car accidents and many other benefits. The government of United Arab Emirates adopt technology implementation in all life aspects in the country starting by turning into smart government and then smart education and many other implementations of using technology in different aspects of the country. This adoption of technology positively affected UAE people’s intention toward accepting technology. As UAE government always adopt best technology practices, it is expected that United Arab Emirates would adopt the using of autonomous cars. The aim of this research paper is to investigate UAE people’s intention to turn into using self-driving cars. Researcher aim as well to explore the most common factors that may affect people’s intention to turn into using self-driving cars. This research paper methodology based on quantitative methods for gathering data in which questionnaire developed and sent to people live in United Arab Emirates

Sensory texture of date fruits as a function of physicochemical properties and its use in date classification

Eight descriptive sensory textural attributes of whole date fruit were evaluated by twenty trained panel members and correlated with sixteen physicochemical properties. All sensory parameters, except gumminess, significantly correlated (Ps<0.05) with pectin, crude fibre, and moisture content. In addition, sensory hardness, cohesiveness, elasticity, and resilience correlated significantly with length of whole fruit (P<0.05), sensory adhesiveness with glucose content (P<0.05), sensory chewiness with mass of whole fruit (P<0.05), and sensory gumminess with fructose, glucose, and total sugar content (P<0.10). Sweetness, however, correlated only with moisture content (P<0.05). CA and the biplot (i.e. including all products, their sensory texture and physicochemical attributes) generated through PCA recognized three groups of dates as hard-chewy, soft-(medium-chewy), and soft-(non-adhesive)

Anomalous Transport and Nonlinear Reactions in Spiny Dendrites

We present a mesoscopic description of the anomalous transport and reactions of particles in spiny dendrites. As a starting point we use two-state Markovian model with the transition probabilities depending on residence time variable. The main assumption is that the longer a particle survives inside spine, the smaller becomes the transition probability from spine to dendrite. We extend a linear model presented in Fedotov [Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 218102 (2008)10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.218102] and derive the nonlinear Master equations for the average densities of particles inside spines and parent dendrite by eliminating residence time variable. We show that the flux of particles between spines and parent dendrite is not local in time and space. In particular the average flux of particles from a population of spines through spines necks into parent dendrite depends on chemical reactions in spines. This memory effect means that one cannot separate the exchange flux of particles and the chemical reactions inside spines. This phenomenon does not exist in the Markovian case. The flux of particles from dendrite to spines is found to depend on the transport process inside dendrite. We show that if the particles inside a dendrite have constant velocity, the mean particle's position x (t) increases as tμ with μ<1 (anomalous advection). We derive a fractional advection-diffusion equation for the total density of particles. © 2010 The American Physical Society

Anomalous Transport and Nonlinear Reactions in Spiny Dendrites

We present a mesoscopic description of the anomalous transport and reactions of particles in spiny dendrites. As a starting point we use two-state Markovian model with the transition probabilities depending on residence time variable. The main assumption is that the longer a particle survives inside spine, the smaller becomes the transition probability from spine to dendrite. We extend a linear model presented in Fedotov [Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 218102 (2008)10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.218102] and derive the nonlinear Master equations for the average densities of particles inside spines and parent dendrite by eliminating residence time variable. We show that the flux of particles between spines and parent dendrite is not local in time and space. In particular the average flux of particles from a population of spines through spines necks into parent dendrite depends on chemical reactions in spines. This memory effect means that one cannot separate the exchange flux of particles and the chemical reactions inside spines. This phenomenon does not exist in the Markovian case. The flux of particles from dendrite to spines is found to depend on the transport process inside dendrite. We show that if the particles inside a dendrite have constant velocity, the mean particle's position x (t) increases as tμ with μ<1 (anomalous advection). We derive a fractional advection-diffusion equation for the total density of particles. © 2010 The American Physical Society

Non-Markovian Persistent Random Walk Model for Intracellular Transport

Transport of vesicles and organelles inside cells consists of constant-speed bidirectional movement along cytoskeletal filaments interspersed by periods of idling. This transport shows many features of anomalous diffusion. In this paper, we develop a non-Markovian persistent random walk model for intracellular transport that incorporates the removal rate of organelles. The model consists of two active states with different speeds and one resting state. The organelle transitions between states with switching rates that depend on the residence time the organelle spends in each state. The mesoscopic master equations that describe the average densities of intracellular transport in each of the three states are the main results of the paper. We also derive ordinary differential equations for the dynamics for the first and second moments of the organelles’ position along the cell. Furthermore, we analyse models with power-law distributed random times, which reveal the prevalence of the Mittag-Leffler resting state and its contribution to subdiffusive and superdiffusive behaviour. Finally, we demonstrate a non-Markovian non-additivity effect when the switching rates and transport characteristics depend on the rate of organelles removal. The analytical calculations are in good agreement with numerical Monte Carlo simulations. Our results shed light on the dynamics of intracellular transport and emphasise the effects of rest times on the persistence of random walks in complex biological systems. © 2023 by the authors.075-02-2023-935; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, EPSRC: EP/V008641/1N.K. and S.F. acknowledge financial support from EPSRC Grant No. EP/V008641/1. The research was partly supported by the Ural Mathematical Center, Project No. 075-02-2023-935 (AOI)