I (D,B)- supra pre maps via supra topological ordered spaces

Sayed [19] defined a supra -open set and studied its basic properties. In this work, we introduce various forms of supra continuous (supra open, supra closed, supra homeomorphism) maps in supra topological ordered spaces by using the notions of supra -open sets and increasing (decreasing, balancing) sets. We illustrate the relationships among these maps with the help of examples. Moreover, we investigate under what conditions these maps preserve some separation axioms between supra topological ordered spaces

Woodcutting Activities in Tabuk Region (Saudi Arabia): Assessment of Conservation Knowledge

The present study aims to investigate the effect of different social factors on the woodcutting frequency in Tabuk Region. A total of 100 people participated in this study by answering the questionnaire questions. The conservation knowledge of the participants was also assessed through 4 questions (Yes or No). The final score of the conservation knowledge assessment is 4. The present study findings showed that most of people like to cut the wood for heating during winter and fall seasons. The frequency of woodcutting in Tabuk Region was once a month. Among the social factors involved in this study, education showed negative and significant relationship with the number of logging times. However, age had positive relationship with the number of logging times. The most favourbale species to be cut and used for heating and cooking in Tabuk are; Acacia tortilis, Acacia ehrenbergiana, Retama reaetam and Calligonum comosum. For the assessment of the public conservation knowledge, it was found that most of participants had moderate to good conservation knowledge as most of them answered 3 questions correctly out of 4. The conservation knowledge showed to be affected positively by education level and negatively by the number of family members. In conclusion, it was found that there is remarkable woodcutting stress on wild plants in Tabuk Region and immediate and effective actions should be performe

Scientometric analysis of the world-wide research efforts concerning Leishmaniasis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Leishmaniasis is a chronic disease that is found in various countries of the world. The aim of the current study was to investigate the impact of leishmaniasis on the world's research output. The present study assessed benchmarking of research output for the period between 1957 and 2006. Using large database analyses, research in the field of leishmaniasis was evaluated. Furthermore, cooperation between different countries was identified.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The number of publications increased with time. Most publications came from Western countries such as the US, UK or Germany. Interestingly, countries like Brazil and India had a high research output. We found a substantial amount of cooperation between countries.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Although leishmaniasis is of limited geographic distribution it attracts a wide research interest. The central hub of research cooperation is the USA.</p

A New Formulation of 99mTc-Macroagreggated Albumin (MAA) Freeze-dried Kit for Lungs Scintigraphy

A new formulation of macro aggregated albumin (MAA) to be labeled with 99mTc was prepared by a simple and fast method. The suspension of macroagreggated albumin was prepared by diluting 0.4ml human serum albumin (200mg/ml) with normal saline (sterilized and pyrogen free) Concentrated hydrochloric acid was added to denature the protein and this step was followed by the addition of tin in the form of stannite . 3.5ml of polyethylene glycol (PEG) (1mg/ml) was also added to act as antiagglomerating agent. The pH was adjusted to 5.2 with NaOH and the suspension was heated with continuous stirring to get aggregation The vials contents were allowed to react with 99mTc and high radiochemical purity was obtained (greater than 95%) after 15min. 99mTc-MAA was stable for at least six hours. The organ distribution data in mice showed that more than 93.0% of the injected dose has accumulated in the lungs with a negligible amount of radioactivity to be detected in the non target organs. The size distribution data showed that 80.0% of the particles occur in the range of 10—80μm. The freeze-dried preparation of Sn-MAA kits (sterile and pyrogen free) were stable for at least 170 day

Preparation and Clinical Evaluation of 99mTc-dimercapto Succinic Acid (99mTc-DMSA), Freeze-dried Kit For Kidney Cortex Scintigraphy

99mTc-dimercapto Succinic acid freeze-dried kit(99mTc-DMSA) was prepared by reaction of kit that is contained (1mg of 2.3 meso dimercaptosuccinic acid, 0.336 mg of stannous chloride, 40mg insitol and 0.9 ascorbic acid as anti oxidant) with Na99mTcO4 at pH equal to (2-4) that is the optimal condition to formation 99mTc-DMSA complex. The radiochemical purity and stability of 99mTc-DMSA in liquid and dried forms were determined on gel filtration column scanning “GCS”. The labeling yield of complex formation was greater than 99% after 15 min. from addition of Na99mTcO4. The complex in liquid form was stable during ten hours while in lyophilized form six months. The biodisribution of kit was studied on white male mice that the results indicate to the ratio of dose concentration accumulated into kidneys is greater than 29% of injected dose, however, little amounts of complex was detected in non target organs

Can We Predict the Grade of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma from Houns-Field Unit of Renal Lesion on Computerized Tomography Scan, a Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

Mohammad Al-Zubi,1 Khayry Al-Shami,2 Leen Sawalha,3 Heyam Mahmoud Alguzo,2 Saddam Al Demour,4 Asma’a Mohammad Al-Mnayyis,2 Rami Alazab,5 Samer Fathi Al-Rawashdah,6 Lana Talal Alzoubi,7 Sawsan Radi Al-khawaldeh2 1Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Yarmouk University MEdical SChool, Irbid, 21110, Jodan; 2Department of Clinical Medical Sciences, Yarmouk University Medical school, Irbid, Jordan; 3Department of Clinical Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan; 4Department of Special Surgery, Division of Urology, the University of Jordan medical School, Amman, 11972, Jordan; 5Department of Surgery & Urology, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid, 21110, Jordan; 6Department of Special Surgery, School of Medicine, Mutah University medical School, Karak, 61710, Jordan; 7Department of Dentistry, Private Sector, Amman, JordanCorrespondence: Mohammad Al-Zubi, Tel +962 789724264, Email [email protected]: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a type of urological malignancy that affects approximately 2% of the global population. Imaging modalities, especially computed tomography (CT) scanning, play a critical role in diagnosing RCC. In this study, we investigated whether there is a relationship between tumour grade of clear cell RCC and HU values of renal lesions on CT scan performed before operation.Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 123 patients who underwent radical or partial (open or laparoscopic) nephrectomy for clear cell RCC between January 2017 and January 2021. Post-operation histopathological grades were recorded according to World Health Organization (WHO)/International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) 2016 grading system and divided into low grade (includes grade 1 and 2) and high grade (grade 3 and 4), and their links to age, sex, smoking habits, tumour size, and HUs of renal lesions were evaluated.Results: The mean age of the patients studied was 63.02 years old. About 56.9% of the patients were low grade (grade 1 or grade 2), while 43.1% were high grade (grade 3 or 4). The mean tumour size was 6.31 cm. There were no significant differences in tumour grade according to age, sex, or smoking habits. We found a significant relation between tumour grade and HU in the pre-contrast and nephrogenic phases, with p values of 0.001 and 0.037, respectively. On the other hand, there was no significant relation linking the tumour grade to the difference in HU between these phases, where there was a p value of 0.641.Conclusion: HU in the pre-contrast and nephrogenic phases in addition to tumour size on CT scan have a significant relation to clear cell RCC grade.Keywords: renal cell carcinoma, grade, stage, Hounsfield unit, CT sca

Narghile (water pipe) smoking among university students in Jordan: prevalence, pattern and beliefs

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background and objectives</p> <p>Narghile is becoming the favorite form of tobacco use by youth globally. This problem has received more attention in recent years. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and pattern of narghile use among students in three public Jordanian universities; to assess their beliefs about narghile's adverse health consequences; and to evaluate their awareness of oral health and oral hygiene.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The study was a cross-sectional survey of university students. A self-administered, anonymous questionnaire was distributed randomly to university students in three public Jordanian universities during December, 2008. The questionnaire was designed to ask specific questions that are related to smoking in general, and to narghile smoking in specific. There were also questions about oral health awareness and oral hygiene practices.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>36.8% of the surveyed sample indicated they were smokers comprising 61.9% of the male students and 10.7% of the female students in the study sample. Cigarettes and narghile were the preferred smoking methods among male students (42%). On the other hand, female students preferred narghile only (53%). Parental smoking status but not their educational level was associated with the students smoking status. Smokers had also significantly poor dental attendance and poor oral hygiene habits.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This study confirmed the spreading narghile epidemic among young people in Jordan like the neighboring countries of the Eastern Mediterranean region. Alarming signs were the poor oral health awareness among students particularly smokers.</p

A comparative analysis reveals weak relationships between ecological factors and beta diversity of stream insect metacommunities at two spatial levels

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Consanguinity decreases risk of breast cancer – cervical cancer unaffected

Marriages between third-degree and more distant relatives are common in many parts of the world. Offspring of consanguineous parents have increased morbidity and mortality related to recessive gene disorders. In a population with a high frequency of consanguinity, we examined the frequency of breast cancer (related in part to tumour genes) and cervical cancers (related to virus infection) among offspring of consanguineous and non-consanguineous parents. Study was done prospectively in the United Arab Emirates. Selected were married female citizens, ages 40–65, who attended 12 primary health care clinics for whatever reason. In a face-to-face interview, subjects were asked: (a) about consanguineous marriages in family; (b) if they have or have had breast or cervical cancer; (c) about family history of cancer, cancer screening and other parameters. Tumour diagnosis was confirmed by review of medical records. Of 1750 women invited into study, 1445 (79%) could be used in analysis. Among 579 (40%) women of consanguineous and 866 (60%) of non-consanguineous parents there were 24 and 54 with breast cancer, respectively (RR = 0.66, CI 0.42 – 1.06). In the 40 to 50 age group, breast cancer reported 13 of 446 women of consanguineous and 37 of 633 of non-consanguineous parents (RR = 0.50, Cl 0.27 – 0.93). Cervical cancer had 15 women in consanguineous and 32 in non-consanguineous group (RR = 0.70, Cl 0.38 – 1.28). Number of families with history of breast cancer in consanguineous and non-consanguineous group was 21 and 23, respectively (P = 0.29). The cancer screening rates and other variable values had fairly balanced distribution between the 2 groups. Having consanguineous parents decreases the risk of breast cancer especially in younger women, risk of cervical cancer being unaffected. © 2001 Cancer Research Campaign http://www.bjcancer.co

Characterisation of the Trichinella spiralis deubiquitinating enzyme, TsUCH37, an evolutionarily conserved proteasome interaction partner.

Trichinella spiralis is a parasitic nematode that infects mammals indiscriminately. Although the biggest impact of trichinellosis is observed in developing countries, the parasite is found on all continents except Antarctica. In humans, Trichinella infection contributes globally to helminth related morbidity and disability adjusted life years. In animals, infection is implicated as a serious agricultural problem and drug treatment is largely ineffective. During chronic infection, larvae invade skeletal muscle cells, forming a nurse cell complex in which they become encysted. The nurse cell is a product of the severe disruption of the host cell homeostasis. Proteins of the Ub/proteasome pathway are highly conserved throughout evolution, and considering their importance in the regulation of cell homeostasis, provide interesting and novel therapeutic targets for various diseases. In order to target this system in parasites, pathogen proteins that play a role in this pathway must be identified. We report the identification of the first T. spiralis deubiquitinating enzyme, and show evidence that the function of this protein as a proteasome interaction partner has been evolutionarily conserved. We show that members of this enzyme family are important for T. spiralis survival and that the use of inhibitor compounds may help elucidate their role in infection