Histopathology of gastric cancer in Yemen: A seven years retrospective analysis

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is a major contributor to the global burden of cancer morbidity and mortality. It is the fourth most commonly occurring worldwide.Objective: To describe the general pattern of primary GC in Yemen and compare the findings of patients' age, sex, histological type and degree of differentiation to findings from other Middle Eastern countries and the rest of the world.Methods: This is a descriptive record-based study of 517 cases of GC in the Department of pathology, Sana'a University, Yemen, for seven years period. The diagnosis was made on hematoxylin and eosin stained sections and categorized the cases of gastric malignancies according to histological type.Results: Out of 517 cases of GC, 183 (35.4%) were females and 286 (64.6%) were males with 1:1.8 female to male ratio. The commonest type of GC was adenocarcinoma comprising, 462 (89.3%) of which female and male cases were 166 (36%) and 296 (64%) respectively. Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas accounted, for 38 (7.4%). The rest of the cases were nine undifferentiated malignancies, four leiomyosarcoma, two gastrointestinal malignant stromal tumors, one adenosquamous and the last one was carcinoid. Male preponderance was seen in all malignancies. The mean age for adenocarcinoma in females was 55.9 years and 59.5 years in males. Well-differentiated adenocarcinomas accounted for 45.7% followed by moderately-differentiated 22.1%. The poorly differentiated and signet ring cell carcinomas accounted for 16.2% and 9.5% respectively.Conclusion: The frequency of GC in Yemen revealing similar features in age, sex and hitological types with that reported from high incidence areas.Key words: Gastric cancer - adenocarcinoma- lymphoma - Yemen

On the matched pairs sign test using bivariate ranked set sampling: an application to environmental issues

The matched pairs sign test using bivariate ranked set sampling (BVRSS) is introduced and investigated. We show that this test is asymptotically more efficient than its counterpart sign test based on a bivariate simple random sample (BVSRS). The asymptotic null distribution and the efficiency of the test are derived. The Pitman asymptotic relative efficiency is used to compare the asymptotic performance of the matched pairs sign test using BVRSS versus using BVSRS. For small sample sizes, the bootstrap method is used to estimate P-values. Numerical comparisons are used to gain insight about the efficiency of the BVRSS sign test compared to the BVSRS sign test. Our numerical and theoretical results indicate that using BVRSS for the matched pairs sign test is substantially more efficient than using BVSRS. Illustration using palm trees data from sultanate of Oman is provided.Key words: Bootstrap method, bivariate ranked set sample, power of the test, P-value of the test, Pitman’s relative efficiency, sign test

Inference on Overlapping Coefficients in Two Exponential Populations

Three measures of overlap, namely Matusita’s measureρ , Morisita’s measure λ and Weitzman’s measure Δ are investigated in this article for two exponential populations with different means. It is well that the estimators of those measures of overlap are biased. The bias is of these estimators depends on the unknown overlap parameters. There are no closed-form, exact formulas, for those estimators variances or their exact sampling distributions. Monte Carlo evaluations are used to study the bias and precision of the proposed overlap measures. Bootstrap method and Taylor series approximation are used to construct confidence intervals for the overlap measures

The Effectiveness of a Group Training Program in Reducing Depression And Improving Adjustment of the Elderlies in Amman City

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of a group training program in reducing depression and improving adjustment of the elderly in Amman City. The study sample consisted of (68) elderly people in the social development center in Amman. The sample was distributed into two groups:  an experimental group which received group training program to reduce depression and improve adjustment with an average of two sessions a week for four weeks, each session lasted (90) minutes, and a control group that didn’t receive any treatment. Two instruments were applied on the entire study sample; the first one was Beck’s Depression inventory, and the other was the scale of psychological adjustment (a pre-test), then a group training program was applied on the experimental group. By the end of the training program, the same study instruments were reapplied on all the study sample members (post-test), then ANCOVA to investigate the effect of the experimental treatment on both depression and adjustment. The results indicated the existence statistically significant differences between the experimental group and the control group on both of the study tools, as the level of depression decreased and the level of adjustment increased on the part of the experimental group compared to the control group. Keywords: Group training program, Depression, adjustment, the Elderly

Estimation Using Bivariate Extreme Ranked Set Sampling With Application To The Bivariate Normal Distribution

In this article, the procedure of bivariate extreme ranked set sampling (BVERSS) is introduced and investigated as a procedure of obtaining more accurate samples for estimating the parameters of bivariate populations. This procedure takes its strength from the advantages of bivariate ranked set sampling (BVRSS) over the usual ranked set sampling in dealing with two characteristics simultaneously, and the advantages of extreme ranked set sampling (ERSS) over usual RSS in reducing the ranking errors and hence in being more applicable. The BVERSS procedure will be applied to the case of the parameters of the bivariate normal distributions. Illustration using real data is also provided

On Matched Pairs Sign Test Using Bivariate Ranked Set Sampling: An Application to Environmental Issues

The matched pairs sign test using bivariate ranked set sampling (BVRSS) is introduced and investigated. We show that this test is asymptotically more efficient than its counterpart sign test based on a bivariate simple random sample (BVSRS). The asymptotic null distribution and the efficiency of the test are derived. The Pitman asymptotic relative efficiency is used to compare the asymptotic performance of the matched pairs sign test using BVRSS versus using BVSRS. For small sample sizes, the bootstrap method is used to estimate P-values. Numerical comparisons are used to gain insight about the efficiency of the BVRSS sign test compared to the BVSRS sign test. Our numerical and theoretical results indicate that using BVRSS for the matched pairs sign test is substantially more efficient than using BVSRS. Illustration using palm trees data from sultanate of Oman is provided. Key words: Bootstrap method, bivariate ranked set sample, power of the test, P-value of the test, Pitman\u27s relative efficiency, sign test

Transmitting audio via fiber optics under nonlinear effects and optimized tuning parameters based on Co-simulation of matlab and optisystemTM

Limitations of conventional wires such as copper wires are causing dispersion and distortion of the message signal for long distances communication especially for the wide bandwidths. The ability of fiber optic to overcome this problem is making it a dominant transmission medium. Despite of this major positive attribute of optic fibers, there is still a downside for using the fiber optic communication; that is the nonlinearity problem especially at the very high frequency bandwidth. For the first time, a desigen of an audio signal is suggested and executed in MatLab with an integration with OptiSystemTM software to discuss and solve this issu. The audio signal is then transmitted in different shapes of modulation signals (NRZ, RZ & RC) for different distances (100 km & 75 km) via a fiber optic media to be received in a receiving part of the simulated system. Three tests are used to do so. The first is the Quality-factor (Q-Factor) against the received power, second test is eye diagram performance and finally is the measuring of the amplitude of output (received) signal for each modulation signal shape using the Oscilloscope Visualizer. The NZR modulation signal was found to be the best one of the three used signals’ types in all three tests. The Q-factor for NRZ pulse shape (=12) was higher than that for RZ (=10) and RC (=8) for a 100 km distance at the same received power level

Hybrid IWOPSO optimization based marine engine rotational speed control automatic system

Transporting industry is having an important influence on the nations’ progress. The states that having long shoreline are taking advantage of their locations in using sea transportations which is more economical than other types of transportations. One of the most economical marine transport is the diesel fueling engines. This paper is to optimize the PID controller to control the speed of the engine overcoming the navigation environmental changes such as waves, winds and other effective external factors as well as the vessel internal changes such as the shipment load, equipment’s conditions …etc. PID is optimized through the optimum selection of its parameters (KP, KI and KD). A Simulink/MatLab model of the system is designed for this purpose. The Hybrid IWOPSO (HIWOPSO) algorithm is used for finding the optimum values of the PID parameters. The engine step response with these parameters is compared to the responses with those obtained by the IWO and PSO besides the Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC)

The Use of Okra as a Coagulant and Coagulant Aids in the Removal of Heavy Metals of Solid Waste Leachates

Coagulation-Flocculation processes play an important role in the treatment of waterand wastewater. Aluminum sulfate (alum) and polyelectrolyte (polymer) are thecommon chemical coagulants which are used in this process. The produced leachate inwaste disposal places is considered to be one of the highly contaminated resourcesfrom the physical, chemical, and biological point of view.In Sulaimaniah, Tanjaro was found to be one of those solid waste landfill areas.Okra is used for the treatment of raw leachate samples that obtained directly fromSulaimaniah – Iraq solid waste sanitary landfill area. Fresh solid waste samples of theleachates were taken and tested for their heavy metals concentrations contents. It wasfound that the leachate contains a high amount of heavy metals of cadmium,chromium, copper, nickel, and zinc. By using conventional coagulants of alum,polymer and natural indigenous okra (as a primary coagulant or in combination withthe other two primary coagulants) and by the jar testing, the best concentrations and pHvalues of the coagulants were determined. Analyzing the results, it was found that theoptimal pH values were 6.65, 9.00 and 7.00 for alum, polymer and okra, respectively.In addition, the best dose of alum was1400 mg/L in which a removal of heavy metalsyielded 45-80 %, while the best dose of polymer was 500 mg/L in which a removal of70-95% was achieved. For okra, the best dose was 500 mg/L in which a removal ofheavy metals yielded 20-100%. It was found that okra has an efficient coagulationpower with respect to alum and polymer in removing heavy metals elements in solidwaste leachates