Code-Switching in Jordanian Stand-Up Comedy A Humor Tool and a Means to Reflect Social Diversity

This article discusses the function of code-switching in Jordanian stand-up comedy. Drawing on Hoffman (1991) and Troike (1982), analysis of twenty performances presented by Jordanian stand-up comedians revealed that the alternation between colloquial Jordanian Arabic, the dialect these performances are mainly delivered in, Standard Arabic, and sometimes English does not only emphasize the humorous role of this genre, but also reflects the social diversity among Jordanians and helps in building rapport with them regardless of their different backgrounds

Distributed and adaptive location identification system for mobile devices

Indoor location identification and navigation need to be as simple, seamless, and ubiquitous as its outdoor GPS-based counterpart is. It would be of great convenience to the mobile user to be able to continue navigating seamlessly as he or she moves from a GPS-clear outdoor environment into an indoor environment or a GPS-obstructed outdoor environment such as a tunnel or forest. Existing infrastructure-based indoor localization systems lack such capability, on top of potentially facing several critical technical challenges such as increased cost of installation, centralization, lack of reliability, poor localization accuracy, poor adaptation to the dynamics of the surrounding environment, latency, system-level and computational complexities, repetitive labor-intensive parameter tuning, and user privacy. To this end, this paper presents a novel mechanism with the potential to overcome most (if not all) of the abovementioned challenges. The proposed mechanism is simple, distributed, adaptive, collaborative, and cost-effective. Based on the proposed algorithm, a mobile blind device can potentially utilize, as GPS-like reference nodes, either in-range location-aware compatible mobile devices or preinstalled low-cost infrastructure-less location-aware beacon nodes. The proposed approach is model-based and calibration-free that uses the received signal strength to periodically and collaboratively measure and update the radio frequency characteristics of the operating environment to estimate the distances to the reference nodes. Trilateration is then used by the blind device to identify its own location, similar to that used in the GPS-based system. Simulation and empirical testing ascertained that the proposed approach can potentially be the core of future indoor and GPS-obstructed environments

The Extent to Which Directors of Special Education Centers Practice Transformational Leadership As Viewed by Teachers

This study investigates teachers’ viewpoints about the transformational leadership adoption by directors of special education centers in Karak Governorate. The sample included all special education teachers (180) working in 29 private and public special education centers. To achieve the objectives of this study, a descriptive statistical analysis of data obtained by a transformational leadership scale prepared by the researcher was used. Means and standard deviations were calculated, followed by a two-way analysis of variance and Chafe test for post comparisons analysis. Results of the study revealed that the level of practicing transformational leadership by directors of special education centers was moderate and was in favor of directors with high academic qualifications and who had more than 10 years of experience. Interaction between academic qualifications and years of experience had no effect. Based upon results of the study, relevant recommendations were made

Inhibitive action of Chamomile extract on the corrosion of Iron: Density Functional Theory

DFT calculations have been performed on major compounds of Chamomile extract as a green source of environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitors for Fe using B3LYP/6-31G* level (d, p). Several global Quantum parameters were calculated on inhibitors and thermodynamic Gibbs function ∆Gads of adsorption of Fe has been calculated and used to evaluate the inhibitive action of the each inhibitor. Quercetin has been found the highest anti-corrosion efficiency as compared to other compounds. Consequently, calculated global quantum parameters and thermodynamic function ∆Gads show spontaneous physical adsorption of Apigenin-7-glucoside, luteolin-7-glucoside and  Quercetin  on Fe, wherase other inhibitors show non- spontaneous chemical adsorption

T-spherical linear Diophantine fuzzy aggregation operators for multiple attribute decision-making

This paper aims to amalgamate the notion of a T-spherical fuzzy set (T-SFS) and a linear Diophantine fuzzy set (LDFS) to elaborate on the notion of the T-spherical linear Diophantine fuzzy set (T-SLDFS). The new concept is very effective and is more dominant as compared to T-SFS and LDFS. Then, we advance the basic operations of T-SLDFS and examine their properties. To effectively aggregate the T-spherical linear Diophantine fuzzy data, a T-spherical linear Diophantine fuzzy weighted averaging (T-SLDFWA) operator and a T-spherical linear Diophantine fuzzy weighted geometric (T-SLDFWG) operator are proposed. Then, the properties of these operators are also provided. Furthermore, the notions of the T-spherical linear Diophantine fuzzy-ordered weighted averaging (T-SLDFOWA) operator; T-spherical linear Diophantine fuzzy hybrid weighted averaging (T-SLDFHWA) operator; T-spherical linear Diophantine fuzzy-ordered weighted geometric (T-SLDFOWG) operator; and T-spherical linear Diophantine fuzzy hybrid weighted geometric (T-SLDFHWG) operator are proposed. To compare T-spherical linear Diophantine fuzzy numbers (T-SLDFNs), different types of score and accuracy functions are defined. On the basis of the T-SLDFWA and T-SLDFWG operators, a multiple attribute decision-making (MADM) method within the framework of T-SLDFNs is designed, and the ranking results are examined by different types of score functions. A numerical example is provided to depict the practicality and ascendancy of the proposed method. Finally, to demonstrate the excellence and accessibility of the proposed method, a comparison analysis with other methods is conducted

THE RIGHTS OF THE AUTISTIC CHILDREN AND THEIR FAMILIES UNDER ISLAMIC LAWحقوق أطفال التوحد وأسرهم في إطار الشريعة الإسلامية

Abstract Autistic children suffer from many problems and challenges that affect their role in serving the society. The autistic child needs specialized care, great attention and careful monitoring by his family. This is a double burden on the child and the family, which making them unable to integrate and engage in the society and here lies the problem of the research. In this paper, the researcher wishes to mention the role of Islam in taking into consideration the conditions of people with developmental disabilities, in addition to knowing their rights and the rights of their families, using the descriptive analytical approach and the deductive approach. The results showed the greatness of Islam in dealing with this category and other various disabilities by giving them the most basic rights to provide a decent life for everyone regardless of shape, color, sex or class, in addition to satisfy all the needs in accordance with Islamic rules.Keywords: Rights, Autism children, family ,Autismملخص البحثيعاا أطفال اا حف العداامف اعمياامفااادف ا ااا تؤفر الىاامي ؤف الااطف اا ف اا ف ر اا ف ااطفخمااا فا جل اااحيفدياااجفيىلااا لف اد اااعف العدااام فا يااا فالوممااا فر ل ااا ف يااا فرا ااا ف يقااا فااادف ااعف ماا شفااا فيااا عف اًا ىفالاا ىف اا ف اد ااعفر ماا فف اايجع ي فقياا ف اا يدف اا فلاأاااما لفر لاأوااا لفف اااطف ا جل اااحففر بااا ف ااادفااااا ف ا ىاااج فر اااطف ااا ف اع ااا ف اااع فا دثااا فاذف ااا ف ر ف مااات فف اااطفا ااا ففاداااع حفائاااى ف ااا ؤف اب يااا ف ا ول ااا يفب ضاا ففا ع اا فدقااع ي فردقااع فاماا يففر اا ف لا ل اا ف ااطف ااا ف اا ف ا اابي ف اعئاا طفالى ي اااطفر ا ااابي ف لامااالب لط فربيبااامف ابلااا ف ت ااا ف مااات ف اااطف الع ااااعفااااحف ااا ف ا اًاا فراول ااالإف ااا ؤف خااا هيفرب د يااا فاب ااايفدقع يااا ف اااطف اااع ي ف اعاااي ف ا ااا ي فا اااعف ااا فبغااانف ابتااا ف ااادف ااا هفارفاعأاااهفارففب اااهفارفل قلاااهيفب ضااا ف ااا فف ياااحفد في اااهفر قف ع مف ا يعي فال االكلمات المفتاحية: دقع فيفال حف العدمفيف م ففيف العدم

Stress production by Cebuano learners of Arabic: A metrical analysis

Stress is one of the most neglected components of the Arabic language in classrooms (Lin, 2018; Ryding, 2013).This study is devoted to analyzing stress production in Arabic as produced by Cebuano learners in order to highlight the challenges so that teachers can address them in the best way. The data have been examined within the metrical theory of word stress elaborated in Hayes (1995). A sample of 100 words has been considered, spoken by six non-native speakers of Arabic, three females and three males, whose first language is Cebuano, the national language of the Philippines. Data analysis shows that native Cebuano speakers have an iambic foot, where the foot involves left-to-right parsing, satisfies the End Rule Right Principle by which the main stress lands on the head of the rightmost visible foot, and imposes a weak ban on the degenerate foot. Intriguingly, foot iambicity observed in the produced words is regarded as a reflection of the speakers’ source language (L1) that has an iambic foot. Arabic words spoken by Cebuano non-natives conform to the bimoraic condition for the minimal phonological word that takes the primary stress, and is repaired only through vowel lengthening; whereas gemination, as a main strategy for creating bimoraicity, is totally absent. Similarly, vowel lengthening is seen as a transfer effect of L1, where stress always attracts a long vowel. The results point to the great importance of prosody in teaching Arabic as a foreign language, since prosodic features significantly contribute to the communication intelligibility

THE MENTAL AND COGNITIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AUTISTIC CHILDREN AND THE ROLE OF THE FAMILY IN DEALING WITH THESE CHARACTERISTICS A SURVEY IN OPERATIONS RESEARCHالخصائص العقلية والمعرفية للطفل التوحدي ودور الأسرة في التعامل مع هذه الخصائص دراسة اس

There are many characteristics discriminate the autistic child from other children. Studies and research have indicated that the most important characteristic of the autistic child is the cognitive disorders, and its consequences, such as the   disability of the child to imitate, understand, and create as well as, the significant lack in the social communication and emotional response to the surrounding environment. Cognitive skills encompass various types and shapes which require special care and necessary roles   on the part of the family and this heightens the need for analyzing the literature and studies related to   these roles. The researchers therefore wrote this research, which aims to demonstrate the cognitive and mental characteristics of the autistic child as well as the difficulties that encounter  the autistic child   and how to deal with these difficulties in the light of the existing data, theories, research and field studies. The research has been conducted based on two approaches: The inductive approach and the descriptive approach in studying the literature and drawing these characteristics and proposing the necessary roles for them by the family. The research ended with a number of results, including the importance of good listening by the family to the autistic child when speaking, to use multitasking tasks rather than to teach tasks at once, to speak out loud to the autistic child, to help him be related to what is being said, and to use visual symbols to interpret things, especially in social relationships. Keywords:  Autistic children, autism, family, mental characteristics, cognitive characteristics هناك العديد من الخصائص التي تميز الطفل التوحدي عن غيره من الأطفال، وقد أشارت الدراسات والأبحاث إلى أن أهم ما يميز الطفل التوحدي هو الاضطرابات المعرفية، وما يترتب عليها من عدم قدرته على التقليد، والفهم، والمرونة، والإبداع، ونقص ملحوظ في التواصل الاجتماعي والاستجابة الانفعالية للمحيط، وتتضمن المهارات المعرفية العديد من الأنماط والأشكال، وكل هذه الخصائص تتطلب رعاية وأدوارا خاصة من جانب الأسرة، وهو ما يستدعي البحث في الدراسات السابقة واستقصاء نتائجها المتعلقة بهذه الأدوار؛ ولذلك عمد الباحثون لكتابة هذا البحث والذي يهدف لبيان الخصائص المعرفية والعقلية للطفل التوحدي، والصعوبات التي تواجهه وكيفية التدرب عليها، وتعامل الأسرة معها في ضوء معطيات النظريات والبحوث والدراسات الميدانية. وقد اعتمد البحث على المنهجين: المنهج الاستقصائي والمنهج الوصفي في الاطلاع على الدراسات السابقة واستخلاص تلك الخصائص واقتراح الأدوار اللازمة لها من الأسرة، وقد انتهى البحث إلى عدد من النتائج منها: أهمية الإنصات الجيد من جانب الأسرة إلى للطفل التوحدي عند حديثه، ومحاولة فهم ما يحاول أن يتواصل به، واستخدام المهمات ذات المكونات المتعددة بدلاً من تعليم المهام في مرة واحدة، والتحدث بصوت مرتفع أمام الطفل التوحدي بما يحب، لمساعدته بأن يكون مرتبطاً بما يقال عنه، واستخدام الرموز البصرية لتفسير الأشياء، لا سيّما في العلاقات الاجتماعية.الكلمات المفتاحية: الطفل التوحدي، التوحد، الأسرة، الخصائص العقلية، الخصائص المعرفية

Ecotourism Intention in Jordan: The Role of Ecotourism Attitude, Ecotourism Interest, and Destination Image

The goal of this research was to check the impact of eco-tourism attitude, eco-tourism interest, and destination image on eco-intention. The sample size of this study was 309, gathered using convenience sampling. The data collection instrument was developed using five-point Likert scale. The data was analyzed by using PLS-SEM. The findings of data analysis showed that the ecotourism attitude was positively affecting the ecotourism interest. However, ecotourism attitude was not significantly affecting the ecotourism intention. The ecotourism interest was positively affecting the ecotourism intention. The destination image was also significantly affecting ecotourism intention. Ecotourism service operators may work with tourism community members for creating projects targeting domestic people and provide them with learning experiences regarding nature, ecological and cultural heritage protection attempts and initiatives, and how ecotourism will support such efforts and initiatives and conserve them