Neutron Star Structure from Electromagnetic and Gravitational Wave Observations

Neutron star (NS) research primarily relied on spectral observations before the first gravitational wave (GW) detection from the binary neutron star merger was done by the LIGO-VIRGO collaboration. The GW170817 merger event provided mass and tidal deformability Λ˜ constraints for neutron stars. This project used these constraints and associated them with the constraints made by the NS X-ray observations to construct neutron star models. Selective X-ray sources were used in this work, which showed reliable uncertainties from their previous uses. The mass-radius constraints from the electromagnetic (EM) observations were constructed from seven quiescent low-mass X-ray binaries (QLMXBs), three photospheric radius expansion X-ray busters (PREs), and the NICER observation of PSR J0030+451. Also, two different neutron star equation of state (EOS) priors, three polytropes (3P) and four line-segment (4L), were used for the analyses. The radial constraints of a 1.4 M⇐ NS from the combined dataset with GW, QLMXBs, and PREs were R1.4 ∈ [11.21 km,12.55 km] and R1.4 ∈ [11.25 km, 12.39 km] for the 3P and 4L EOS priors, respectively. Adding the NICER observation to the other data did not improve these constraints but shifted slightly towards the larger radii. Two models were constructed by convolution operations on EM data, named intrinsic scattering (IS), to test unknown uncertainties in them. No significant variations were found from these IS analyses. This project also compared several nearly EOS independent quantities of neutron star binary parameters with the model posteriors. Also, the Pearson correlation tests were done to check radial dependencies of the slope of the symmetry energy L and the minimum value of the maximum mass neutron star M_max. These tests showed that M_max is always independent of R, but the correlation between L and R depends on the EOS prior

A Novel Design and Implementation of 8-3 Encoder Using Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) Technology

In recent years Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) has been considered one of the emerging nano-technology for future generation digital circuits and systems. QCA technology is a promising alternative to Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) technology. Thus, QCA offers a novel electronics paradigm for information processing and communication system. It has attractive features such as faster speed, higher scale integration, higher switching frequency, smaller size and low power consumption compared to the transistor based technology. It is projected as a promising nanotechnology for future Integrated Circuits (ICs). A quantum dot cellular automaton complex gate is composed from simple 3-input majority gate. In this paper, a 8-3 encoder circuit is proposed based on QCA logic gates: the 4-input Majority Voter (MV) OR gate. This 7-input gate can be configured into many useful gate structures such as a 4-input AND gate, a 4-input OR gate, 2-input AND and 2-input OR gates, 2-input complex gates, multi-input complex gates. The proposed circuit has a promising future in the area of nano-computing information processing system and can be stimulated with higher digital applications in QCA

Responses of Plasma Acetate Metabolism to Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) in Sheep

An isotope dilution method using [1-13C]sodium (Na) acetate was conducted to determine the effect of feeding hop (Humulus lupulus L.) residues on plasma acetate metabolism in six adult crossbred sheep. The sheep were fed 63 g/kg BW0.75/d of either mixed hay (MH-diet) of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) at a 60:40 ratio or MH-diet and hop-residues (Hop-diet) at 85:15 ratio with a crossover design for each of 3 week period. The isotope dilution method using single injection of [1-13C]Na acetate was performed thrice; before feeding (BF), 2 h after feeding (2F) and 4 h after feeding (4F), on the 21st day of each dietary treatment. Plasma acetate concentration tended to increase (P= 0.06) and turnover rate was numerically higher (P= 0.16) for MH-diet than Hop-diet. Plasma glucose, NEFA, VFA and lactic acid concentrations were similar between dietary treatments. In both the diets, although plasma concentration of acetate did not change, turnover rate increased significantly (P= 0.02) 2F than BF. Hop-residues did not show any negative impacts on acetate metabolism as well as physiology of animals in the present experimental conditions, hence thereby it could be used as an alternative to MH-diet for rearing sheep

Silver-Russell syndrome

Silver-Russell syndrome is clinically and genetically a heterogeneous disorder. In most of the cases, etiology is unknown, only in 10% cases defect in chromosome 7 is identified. It bas distinctive facial features and asymmetric limbs. Most predominant symptom is growth failure. A case of Silver-Russell syndrome reported here who presented with growth failure, hemihypertrophy ofleft side oftbe body, dysmorphic facial profile and difficulty in speech. Counseling was done with the parents regarding the etiology, progression and outcome of the disease

Mini craniotomy for chronic subdural haematoma: surgical outcome from a single institution experience and predictors of success

Background: Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is an increasingly common neurological disease in daily neurosurgical practice. Despite the wide prevalence of CSDH, there remains a lack of consensus regarding numerous aspects of its surgical management. The diagnosis and treatment are well established but there are different surgical procedures and outcome related to these procedures are not completely understood.Methods: The study conducted was conducted in department of neurosurgery at Ibrahim cardiac hospital and research institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh between January 2019 to July 2020, 105 patients were treated for chronic subdural haematoma This study evaluated the clinical features, radiological findings and surgical outcome by mini craniotomy assessed by modified Rankin scale (mRS) score and Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) score in a large series of patients treated at single institution.Results: At 6 months follow up, only one patient died (0.95%) because of co-morbidities and not directly related to the chronic subdural haematoma, 15 patients (14.3%) improved to mRS 0, 33.33% showed only mild symptoms without any significant disability-mRS 1, slight disability was observed in 28.5% patients, moderate disability was observed in 17.14% patients-mRS 3, moderately severe disability was observed in 5.7%-mRS 4.Conclusions: GOS score at 6 months follow up which shows majority of the patient improved to GOS score 4 (45.71%) and 5 (38.09%). Based on these results, among various method of surgical management, mini craniotomy provides better outcome

Inertness and Other Properties of Thin Ruthenium Electrodes in ReRAM Applications

Building nonvolatile memory such as resistive random access memory (ReRAM) directly into a CMOS backend (BEOL) would reduce latency in connectivity-constrained devices and reduce chip’s footprint by stacking non-volatile memory (NVM) on top of the logic circuits. This co-integration is facilitated by a broad commonality between ReRAM and BEOL as both rely on the same basic metal–insulator–metal (MIM) structure. One good candidate for a ReRAM cell is the Cu/TaOx/Pt device. As platinum (Pt) is not an economic choice, a BEOL-compatible replacement is desirable. A good candidate to replace Pt electrode is ruthenium (Ru), currently being used as a liner/diffusion barrier in sub-15 nm technology nodes and soon to supplant tungsten as via, and copper (Cu) as interconnect materials. We report on extensive characterization of a Cu/TaOx/Ru device and compare its performance and reliability with extant ReRAM devices. Against the background of well-characterized non-Ru ReRAM devices, Cu/TaOx/Ru cell constitutes a micro-laboratory for testing a wide range of Ru properties with the Cu nanofilament as a probe. Since the temperature of the cell can be controlled internally from 27°C to ∼1100°C, thin Ru layers can be subjected to much more comprehensive tests than it is possible in the interconnect MIM structures and reveal and confirm interesting material properties, including the impact of embedment