Analysis of blood stream infections: Antimicrobial susceptibility and associated types of extended spectrum β-lactamases

Purpose: To investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility and extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production by clinical isolates of Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) and Klebsiella species (ESBL-KP) associated with blood stream infections (BSIs).Methods: Bacteria isolation and identification were carried out using basic bacteriological and biochemical techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed according to the guidelines of the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI). Vitek 2 Compact automated system was used toconfirm the identifications (ID) and antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST). The ESBL produced by E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates were  phenotypically characterised using Modified Double Disc Synergy Test (MDDST), as recommended by CLSI.Results: All (100 %) isolates were sensitive to imipenem and meropenem, while susceptibility to other antibiotics varied. ESBL genotypes, viz, blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX were encountered in the BSIs. For ESBL-EC, TEM, SHV and CTX producers accounted for 33, 16.67 and 58.3 %,  respectively, while 75, 91.7 and 100 % of ESBL-KP were TEM, SHV and CTX producers, respectively. In ESBL-KP, 67 % coexisted with all three genotypes (blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX, while 8.3 % of ESBL-EC coexisted with the three encoding genes (CTX, SHV and TEM).Conclusion: ESBL E. coli and K. pneumoniae associated with BSI have been identified as TEM, SHV and CXT producers, with more ESBL-KP coexisting with all three than ESBL-EC. Keywords: β-Lactamases, Genes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia col

Taking advantage of Ramadan and January in Muslim countries

Studies have shown that religious beliefs and practice play an important role in influencing share price behaviour. Evidence of a Ramadan effect has been documented in Muslim countries suggesting an increase in mean returns as well as a reduction in volatility during the ninth month of the Islamic calendar. In addition to the Ramadan effect, studies have also documented a January effect in Muslim countries. The current study investigates what happens when the Ramadan effect and the January effect occur at the same time. Controlling for the effects of financial crises and time-varying volatility in returns, the results for individual company data from four countries with sizeable Muslim populations indicate higher returns and lower volatility when these two effects overlap, except in one, arguably more Western country, Turkey

ARES. III. Unveiling the Two Faces of KELT-7 b with HST WFC3*

We present the analysis of the hot-Jupiter KELT-7 b using transmission and emission spectroscopy from the Hubble Space Telescope, both taken with the Wide Field Camera 3. Our study uncovers a rich transmission spectrum that is consistent with a cloud-free atmosphere and suggests the presence of H_{2}O and H^{−}. In contrast, the extracted emission spectrum does not contain strong absorption features and, although it is not consistent with a simple blackbody, it can be explained by a varying temperature–pressure profile, collision induced absorption, and H^{-}. KELT-7 b had also been studied with other space-based instruments and we explore the effects of introducing these additional data sets. Further observations with Hubble, or the next generation of space-based telescopes, are needed to allow for the optical opacity source in transmission to be confirmed and for molecular features to be disentangled in emission

al-Fiqh 'ala al-Madzahib al-Arba'ah

Sebuah kitab fikih klasik dalam empat madzhab Sunni yakni, Hanafi, Syafi'i, Maliki, dan Hanbali dan disertai dengan dalil-dalil yang mendasari pendapat mereka. Merupakan kitab fikih perbandingan madzhab yang terkenal, yang menjadi salah satu rujukan para ulama dan umat Islam dewasa ini. Disusun untuk mempermudah pembaca yang ingin mengetahui perbedaan pendapat dalam fikih. Dilengkapi dengan bermacam pembahasan fikih, seperti: Bersuci, Shalat, Puasa, Zakat, Haji, Makanan-minuman yang dilarang dan dibolehkan, Jual-beli, Nikah, Thalaq, Hudud, Qishash, Bughat, Murtad, Ta'zir, Dosa-dosa besar, dan lain sebagainya. Ciri dari kitab ini yaitu menyebutkan berbagai masalah dan pendapat madzhab yang ada serta perkataan mereka, di samping tidak meninggalkan penyebutan dalil-dalil setiap madzhab. Penulis menjelaskan sebab penyusunan buku ini seraya berkata, "Tujuan penyusunan kitab ini adalah untuk mempermudah imam masjid dari para ulama dalam menemukan pembahasan fikih.

Kitab fiqih: ala mazhab al-arba ah, 4/ Al-Jaziri

603 hal.; 28 cm