Perfectionism and Academic Self-Handicapped among Gifted Students: An Explanatory Model

This study aimed to examine the relationship between perfectionism and academic self-handicapping strategies among gifted students in Jordan. This study used a mixed-method approach to explore the relationship as well as exploring any other factors associated with using such strategies. The Revised Almost Perfect Scale (APS-R) and the Academic Self-Handicapping Strategies Scale were used to measure perfectionism and academic self-handicapping among 242 gifted students on a high school for gifted learners. Subsequently, the researchers conducted four focus group discussions with 23 gifted students to identify the factors that may lead those students to use self-handicapping strategies. The results showed that Self-handicapped students were 4.58 times more likely to be maladaptive perfectionists than non-self-handicapped students. The results also revealed a combination of environmental, personal, and cultural factors that contributed to the use of these strategies by gifted students. This study has proposed an explanatory model to illustrate the relationship between perfectionism, academic self-handicapping, and factors that might be related. Finally, this study provided a range of educational implications that can be used in the field of gifted education

The Relative Contribution of Learning Resources in Academic Buoyancy and Satisfaction with Learning Experience among Distance Learning Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Jordan

ملخص: هدفت الدراسة إلى الكشف عن درجة إسهام مصادر التعلم بالنهوض الأكاديمي، والرضا عن الخبرة الدراسية، والفروق فيها تبعًا لمتغيرات الجنس، والمرحلة العمرية، ومكان السكن لدى عينة تكونت من (2659) طالبًا وطالبة تم اختيارهم بالطريقة المتيسرة من المرحلة الأساسية في المدارس الحكومية الأردنية، خلال الفصل الأول من العام الدراسي 2020/2019.  ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة، تم تطبيق ثلاثة مقاييس: مصادر التعلم، والنهوض الأكاديمي، والرضا عن الخبرة الدراسية. أظهرت النتائج أن المتوسطات الحسابية للإناث أعلى منها للذكور على مصادر (التعلم الذاتي، ومنصة درسك المتلفزة، والتواصل مع المعلم) والنهوض الأكاديمي، والرضا عن الخبرة الدراسية، وأن المتوسطات الحسابية لدى الأطفال على مصادر(التعلم الأسري، والتواصل مع المعلم) كانت أعلى منها لدى المراهقين، في حين كانت المتوسطات الحسابية على مصادر(التعلم الذاتي، والدروس الخصوصية) ومستوى النهوض الأكاديمي لدى المراهقين أعلى منها للأطفال، وبينت النتائج أن المتوسطات الحسابية على مصادر التعلم، والنهوض الأكاديمي، والرضا عن الخبرة الدراسية كانت لدى الأطفال والمراهقين من سكان المخيم هي الأعلى. وأخيرًا، أظهرت النتائج أن مصادر التعلم، والمرحلة العمرية فسرت ما نسبته (55.9%) من التباين في مستوى النهوض الأكاديمي، و(59.1%) في الرضا عن الخبرة الدراسية. ومن أبرز توصيات الدراسة ضرورة تقديم الرعاية الأكاديمية والنفسية المناسبة لطلبة التعلم عن بعد.Abstract: The study aimed to explore the contribution of learning resources to academic buoyancy and satisfaction with learning experience as well as their level according to gender, age stage and living place among (2659) primary stage distance learning students who were chosen from the governmental schools in Jordan using the convenience sampling method. To achieve the purposes of the study three scales were administrated to the study sample measuring learning resources, academic buoyancy and satisfaction with learning experience. The results showed that means of females were higher than for males in (self-learning, Darsak platform and the regular teacher) learning resources, academic buoyancy and satisfaction with learning experience, and that means of children were higher than for adolescents in (family-learning and the regular teacher) learning resources, while they were higher for adolescents than for children in (self-learning and special classes) learning resources and academic buoyancy. The results also showed that the means of students living in camps were the highest in general on learning resources, academic buoyancy and satisfaction with learning experience scales according to the living place variable. Finally, the results showed that learning resources and age stage explained (55.9%) of the variance in academic buoyancy and (59.1%) of the variance in the satisfaction with learning experience. One of the main recommendations of the study was the need to provide appropriate academic and psychological care for distance learning students

Cross Cultural Indicators of Independent Learning in Young Children: A Jordanian Case

Copyright © Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos de Madrid 2016. This study attempts to explore the level of Independent Learning (IL) amongst a sample of Jordanian preschoolers. Behaviors of sixty preschool children aged 5-6 years old were observed and rated by their teachers against an Arabic version of the Children\u27s Independent Learning Development (CHILD 3-5) observational instrument to explore the independent learning among young children according to their gender, engagement level, parental education and the size of their families. The results illustrated that preschoolers may show some aspects of behaviors particularly those related to pro-social and cognitive areas. It also indicated that children from high educated environments demonstrated IL behaviors more than those coming from low educated environments. Finally, children coming from larger family size showed less IL behaviors than those coming from smaller ones. Results and implications are discussed

Perfectionism and academic self-handicapped among gifted students: An explanatory model

This study aimed to examine the relationship between perfectionism and academic self-handicapping strategies among gifted students in Jordan. This study used a mixed-method approach to explore the relationship as well as exploring any other factors associated with using such strategies. The Revised Almost Perfect Scale (APS-R) and the Academic Self-Handicapping Strategies Scale were used to measure perfectionism and academic self-handicapping among 242 gifted students on a high school for gifted learners. Subsequently, the researchers conducted four focus group discussions with 23 gifted students to identify the factors that may lead those students to use self-handicapping strategies. The results showed that Self-handicapped students were 4.58 times more likely to be maladaptive perfectionists than non-self-handicapped students. The results also revealed a combination of environmental, personal, and cultural factors that contributed to the use of these strategies by gifted students. This study has proposed an explanatory model to illustrate the relationship between perfectionism, academic self-handicapping, and factors that might be related. Finally, this study provided a range of educational implications that can be used in the field of gifted education.Este estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar la relación entre el perfeccionismo y las estrategias de auto-discapacidad académica entre los estudiantes superdotados en Jordania. Este estudio utilizó un enfoque de método mixto para examinar la relación, así como otros factores asociados con el uso de tales estrategias. Se utilizaron las escalas Revised Almost Perfect Scale (APS-R) y la Academic Self-Handicapping Strategies Scale con 242 estudiantes en una escuela secundaria para estudiantes superdotados. Posteriormente, los investigadores llevaron a cabo cuatro grupos focales con 23 estudiantes para identificar los factores que pueden llevar a usar estrategias. Los resultados indicaron que los estudiantes con auto-discapacidad tenían 4.58 veces más probabilidades de ser perfeccionistas que los estudiantes sin ella. Los resultados también revelaron una combinación de factores ambientales, personales y culturales que contribuyeron al uso de estas estrategias por parte de los estudiantes. Este estudio ha propuesto un modelo explicativo para ilustrar la relación entre el perfeccionismo, la discapacidad académica y los factores que podrían estar relacionados. Finalmente, este estudio proporcionó una serie de implicaciones educativas que se pueden aplicar en el campo de la educación de superdotados

Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study in 82 countries

© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licenseBackground: 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Methods: This was a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for primary breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer requiring a skin incision done under general or neuraxial anaesthesia. The primary outcome was death or major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested models of patients within hospitals and countries. Hospital-level infrastructure effects were explored with three-way mediation analyses. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03471494. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019, we enrolled 15 958 patients from 428 hospitals in 82 countries (high income 9106 patients, 31 countries; upper-middle income 2721 patients, 23 countries; or lower-middle income 4131 patients, 28 countries). Patients in LMICs presented with more advanced disease compared with patients in high-income countries. 30-day mortality was higher for gastric cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (adjusted odds ratio 3·72, 95% CI 1·70–8·16) and for colorectal cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (4·59, 2·39–8·80) and upper-middle-income countries (2·06, 1·11–3·83). No difference in 30-day mortality was seen in breast cancer. The proportion of patients who died after a major complication was greatest in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (6·15, 3·26–11·59) and upper-middle-income countries (3·89, 2·08–7·29). Postoperative death after complications was partly explained by patient factors (60%) and partly by hospital or country (40%). The absence of consistently available postoperative care facilities was associated with seven to 10 more deaths per 100 major complications in LMICs. Cancer stage alone explained little of the early variation in mortality or postoperative complications. Interpretation: Higher levels of mortality after cancer surgery in LMICs was not fully explained by later presentation of disease. The capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention. Early death after cancer surgery might be reduced by policies focusing on strengthening perioperative care systems to detect and intervene in common complications. Funding: National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseBackground: Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide. Methods: A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study—a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3·85 [95% CI 2·58–5·75]; p<0·0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63·0% vs 82·7%; OR 0·35 [0·23–0·53]; p<0·0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer. Interpretation: Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised. Funding: National Institute for Health and Care Research