Evaluation of some Biomarkers Adiponectin, Troponin, and C-reactive protein (CRP) for Atherosclerosis Obese and non-obese patients and related with oxidation, antioxidation parameters in Kerbala Governorate

Background: The most widespread pathological condition of peripherals, coronary artery disorders, and of cerebellar problems, is atherosclerosis (AS). Obesity is the most common nutritional disorder worldwide and is one of the major risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Adiponectin is a "adipokine" that is mostly formed by adipose tissue. Adiponectin levels are low and have limited capacity to control inflammatory reactions in obese individuals. Troponin releases into the circulation when myocytes are injured. Oxidative stress (OS) refers to a series of actions that frequently initiates and follows molecular/cellular pathogenic events that cause a number of human illnesses, such as atherosclerosis. Malondialdehyde (MDA) plasma levels indicate the degree of lipid peroxidation, additionally the severity of OS. Antioxidant is a molecule that is capable of “neutralizing” the oxidation of reactive oxidant species (ROS) before they react with cellular biomolecules and change their structure function. Methods: A case-control study was used in the design of the study. 100 male participants, comprising 60 atherosclerosis individuals, 30 obese patients, 30 normal weight patients, and 40 healthy people, 20 of whom were obese and 20 of whom were of normal weight. Age between (40-65). Results: The result demonstrated a very high significant decrease in the concentration of adiponectin (p≤0.001) in both atherosclerosis obese and normal patients groups as compared to control normal groups. Also showed a highly significant increase (p≤0.001) in the concentration of Troponin I in atherosclerosis obese, normal patients’ groups as compared to control obese and normal groups. Additionally found a highly significant increase (p≤0.001) in the concentration of C-reactive protein in all study groups (atherosclerosis obese, atherosclerosis normal, and control obese) as compared to control normal. Also found a highly significant increase (p≤0.001) in the concentration of (MDA) in all study groups as compared to the normal control, the highest increase was in the atherosclerosis obese patient group. TAOC showed a highly significant decrease (p≤0.001) in all study groups, the highest decrease found in athero obese and control obese as compared to control normal. Conclusion: Adiponectin plays a role in the development of atherosclerosis in obese individuals. A person with an increased body mass index is more susceptible to development of atherosclerosis. The end result of lipid peroxidation, increased MDA concentration, indicates that the rate of oxidative stress is high. Decrease in concentration of TAOC in all obese groupings, which means increased body mass index leads to decreased antioxidant

The toxic effect of nickel chloride (II) and potassium dichromate (VI) on the activity of reproductive system in male mice

Increase distribution of heavy metal and its compound in the environment, especially through anthropogenic and natural activity, raises increasing concern for toxicological effects. The present study was based on the fact that Ni and Cr elements are important as the environmental factor produce the male genital system abnormalities. 35 male mice (10 weeks old) were randomly divided into seven groups 5 animals for each group, group 1 served as control received tap water, group 2,3 and 4 received (20, 40, and 60 mg/kg of Nicl2 respectively), while group 5,6 and 7 received (20, 60, and 100 mg/kg of K2Cr2O7 respectively). The results showed a high significant decrease (P≤0.0001) in the sperm count of male mice for intermediate and high dose treated with Nicl2 (II) as compared with control group, while no any significant differences between the lowest doses as compared with control group. The result showed a high significant difference (P≤0.0001) in the percentage of sperm abnormalities for intermediate and high dose treated with Nicl2 (II) as compared with control group. Also the result showed a high significant difference (P≤0.0001) in the sperm count for all groups treated with different doses of K2Cr2O7 (VI) as compared with control group. About percentage of sperm abnormalities the result showed a high significant difference (P≤0.0001) in the percentage of sperm abnormalities for intermediate and high dose treated as compared with control group.