Commercial Banks' Contribution to Expanded Investment and Credit in Jordan

Purpose: The study aimed to investigate the role of commercial banks in increasing investment and credit facilities in Jordan.   Theoretical framework: The theoretical literature in this study sheds a light on the role of the commercial banks in in increasing investment and credit facilities. It also sheds a light on the role of commercial banks in supporting economy.   Design/methodology/approach:  The researchers adopted a descriptive analytical and quantitative approaches. The study’s sample includes all the commercial banks in Jordan. The researcher collected data on commercial banks from reports issued by the Central Bank of Jordan. The sampled banks include: (Bank of Jordan, Arab Bank, Capital Bank and Etihad Bank). The data targets the period (2017-2020).   Findings: The researcher found that there is an important role for Commercial banks in investment in general, due to an increasing the financial indicators of Commercial banks related to investment during the years (2017-2020). The study reported that the value of Commercial banks credit facilities increased significantly during .The comparison period (2017-2020)   Research, Practical & Social implications: The present study provides information and review of literature for the ones interested in conducting studies about the impact of commercial banks on economic variables. It also provides the decision makers in the Jordanian Ministry of Finance with useful information for supporting and improving investment in Jordan.   Originality/value: The present study is significant because it is the first study that addresses the role of commercial banks in increasing investment and credit facilities in Jordan as far as the researcher knows

Magnetic Contactless Crank-rocker Machine

Objective: In this paper, a proposed technique of motion transmission is introduced, which is based on the crank-rocker principle of motion. The energy transmission action is performed through magnetic force, in which no direct connection is made between the energy source input and the energy load output. Also, to illustrate the concept of motion and to approve the continuity of energy transmission using this proposed technique, a simple model of this mechanism has been built and run, showing the basic sequence of operation. Methodology/analysis: In this mechanical transmission mechanism, one side is rotating and the other side is vibrating, in which any side is energy input (which is usually the vibrating rocker), and the other side is energy output (which is the rotating crank). That seems similar to the classical crank-rocker machine in the four-bar mechanism, but without direct mechanical contact between the input and output energy stream. The concept of motion and mathematical analysis with structuring conditions is provided in this paper, where the dynamic analysis of the system is left for future work. A pilot physical prototype is manufactured and experimentally tested, validating the proposed design. Findings: The structural parameters of this proposed contactless crank-rocker machine have been modelled and simulated using the MATLAB program. It shows that these parameters could be selected and optimized to guarantee the minimum conditions for continued energy transmission. Based on these parameters, a simple model has been built and operated, which illustrates the concept of motion and validates the finding of MATLAB simulation. Novelty/improvement:Contactless crank-rocker motion is a very promising technique. It is possible to apply it in many applications, like the energy harvesting area, and it could be employed certainly in specific designs, such as MEMS, where no other motion transmission types can be used. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-02-07 Full Text: PD

Basins and Cultivated Lands Recharge Evaluation on The Basis of Experimental & Mathematical Analysis in Hashimiya-Iraq

القياسات الرياضية والحقلية والدراسة المختبرية المعتمدة لتققيم صلاحية الاشكال الرياضية ضمنها نموذج هورتن في حساب الترشيح وهي معادلة الطاقة والمتعددة والمختلطة . العمل شمل قياسات الترشيح لمنطقة الهاشمية الواقعة وسط العراق والتي قسمت الى تسعة قطاعات اداريةهي الجربوعية ،الهاشمية ،النويدرة ،الطبرة ،ااسادة ،الزينية ،اج3،الفياضية والتياس.الدراسة الحالية أثبتت أن معادلة الطاقة هي الافضل حيث يصل معامل الارتباط 0.996 بينما للمتعددة والمختلطة وهورتن 0.947،0.958 و0.84 على التوالي. من الجدير بالذكر ، ان نموذج هورتن يعرض ترشيح اوطأ بعد الساعتين.عمق الترشيح الحقيقيي في الطبقة الحاملة التحت سطحية حسبت بالاعتماد على النماذج الحقلية والفحوصات المختبرية لنسيج التكوين الجيولوجي لتحديد المسامية لمنطقة الهاشمية.A mathematical, field measurements and laboratorial study was adopted to evaluate the validity of many mathematical forms including Horton Model for estimating infiltration rate and infiltration potential, they are; power, polynomial and mixed formulas. The work composed of infiltration field measurements for Hashyimia Region located in the middle of Iraq which for simplicity and accuracy is divided into nine administration agricultural sectors namely as; Jerboeyia, Hashyimia, Niwedra, Tebra, Sada, Zineyia, H3, Fayadhiya, and Bazul sectors. The current study proved that the power formula is the best fit to the measuring data than polynomial, mixed and Horton models since the power formula offers 0.996 correlation factor whereas polynomial, mixed and Horton offer 0.947, 0.958 and 0.84 respectively. It is worth to mention that in all cases Horton Model offers less infiltration potential after 2hrs since infiltration process is starte

Energetic Investigation and Economic Feasibility for a University Campus in Romania towards Becoming an Energy Supplier

This research investigates and evaluates the University Politehnica of Bucharest (UPB) possibilities to become an energy self-supplying by building up its own power plant and becoming an energy distributor. The campus has already been connected to the national natural gas supplying pipe and the local district heating and electrical network.A set of criteria was used to evaluate the feasibility of this project. Technical, financial, and environmental considerations were taken into account to determine the most suitable solution. The feasibility study assumed three proposals of an energy supply system considered for the university buildings / campus. Gas-fired heating plant, gas-fired Internal Combustion Engine cogeneration plant and gas fired Internal Combustion Engine for cogeneration with an Organic Rankine Cycle ORC.The details of each proposal were discussed to obtain the optimum solution. Elaborate. It was found from a financial and environmental perspective that the most feasible project is gas-fired Internal Combustion Engine cogeneration, considering profit revenue from selling / exporting power to the domestic electricity grid. And the Net Present Value was around one million euros for 15 years life

Effect of Frying Temperature and duration on the Formation of Trans Fatty Acids in Selected Fats and Oils

Trans fatty acids occur in food either naturally or produced during heat processing of food containing unsaturated fats. Naturally occurring trans fatty acids have different physiological and biological functions as compared to those formed in heat processed food which increase the risk of coronary heart disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of heat treatments [heating temperature: 120, 150, 190 and 250°C and heating period: 10, 30, 60 and 180 minutes] on the amount of trans fatty acids (as elaidic acid) of fat and oil samples [two solid-state (margarine and ghee) and two liquids-state (olive oil and corn oil)]. Results showed that elaidic acid content in margarine was not affected by heat at 120°C at all studied heating durations. At 150, 190 and 250°C, there is a cubic significant relationship between elaidic acid content and time of heating. Elaidic acid content in ghee was not affected by heat treatment at 120°C, while at 150°C, there was a cubic significant relationship between elaidic acid content and heating time. At 190°C, there was a negative linear relationship between elaidic acid content and time of frying, while at 250°C, there was oscillatory relationship in the amounts of elaidic acid with time of heating. As a conclusion, all margarine and ghee samples analyzed in this study had elaidic acid before and after heat treatment used in the study. However, corn oil and olive oil were free from elaidic acid before and after studied heat treatments. Therefore, it is recommended to cook and bake with vegetable oils (such as corn oil) instead of solid fats, and to keep margarine and ghee consumption as low as possible in nutrition.Partial financial support for this study was obtained from the Dutch Nuffic through NICHE-PAA-233 project. HPLC analysis was done in Pharmacare PLC through the help of Mr. Ayman Qaddoumi

Corrosion of glass used for radioactive waste disposal – state of the art

Iron corrosion products of the steel canister in the nuclear waste container are highly silica sorptive materials and very much expected to delay formation of the protective layer (gel) on the nuclear glass interface. This study is focusing on the role of the iron carbonates (ankerite), which is probably one of iron corrosion products and already exists in the clay structure of the disposal depth. French SON68 inactive reference glass (alternative to the R7T7- type) samples are planned to leach in different series of experimental models with dissimilar quantities of natural ankerite. All batch experiments will be cultivated in synthetic Callovo-Oxfordian groundwater; where different pH (4-9) values and temperatures (35, 50, 90 °C) are considered. In this paper the state of the art of the radioactive waste glass corrosion in the circumstances of deep geological disposal were extensively studied

Image steganography using least significant bit and secret map techniques

In steganography, secret data are invisible in cover media, such as text, audio, video and image. Hence, attackers have no knowledge of the original message contained in the media or which algorithm is used to embed or extract such message. Image steganography is a branch of steganography in which secret data are hidden in host images. In this study, image steganography using least significant bit and secret map techniques is performed by applying 3D chaotic maps, namely, 3D Chebyshev and 3D logistic maps, to obtain high security. This technique is based on the concept of performing random insertion and selecting a pixel from a host image. The proposed algorithm is comprehensively evaluated on the basis of different criteria, such as correlation coefficient, information entropy, homogeneity, contrast, image, histogram, key sensitivity, hiding capacity, quality index, mean square error (MSE), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and image fidelity. Results show that the proposed algorithm satisfies all the aforementioned criteria and is superior to other previous methods. Hence, it is efficient in hiding secret data and preserving the good visual quality of stego images. The proposed algorithm is resistant to different attacks, such as differential and statistical attacks, and yields good results in terms of key sensitivity, hiding capacity, quality index, MSE, PSNR and image fidelity

Guillian Barré Syndrome in a sample of Iraqi Children: Seasonal and sex variation

Background: Seasonal variation and gender preponderance have not been adequately studied in Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). Objective: This study aims to evaluate the seasonal variation and sex preponderance in children with Guillian Barré Syndrome. Patients and methods: A cross sectional study was carried out by reviewing wards’ registry of all cases with Guillian Barré Syndrome admitted to Children Welfare Teaching Hospital during a 10-year period (1999 - 2008). Age, sex, seasonal distribution, residence and outcome were analysed. Results: Guillian Barré Syndrome was diagnosed in 217 (126 boys, 91 girls) patients and the annual hospital rate of admission was 22.9 /100000 children. There was increase annual incidence from 1999 till 2008 with a drop in 2006, boys: girls ratio was 1.4:1 and boys were older than girls. Clustering of cases was found during January, March, May and November over the 10-year period, 37% of cases occurred during winter and 52.5% of patients were from Baghdad. Conclusion: Guillian Barré Syndrome is more common in boys. Boys were older than girls. Clustering of cases was found during winter season