A predefined channel coefficients library for vehicle-to-vehicle communications

It is noticeable that most of VANETs communications tests are assessed through simulation. In a majority of simulation results, the physical layer is often affected by an apparent lack of realism. Therefore, vehicular channel model has become a critical issue in the field of intelligent transport systems (ITS). To overcome the lack of realism problem, a more robust channel model is needed to reflect the reality. This paper provides an open access, predefined channel coefficients library. The library is based on 2x2 and 4x4 Multiple – Input – Multiple – Output (MIMO) systems in V2V communications, using a spatial channel model extended SCME which will help to reduce the overall simulation time. In addition, it provides a more realistic channel model for V2V communications; considering: over ranges of speeds, distances, multipath signals, sub-path signals, different angle of arrivals, different angle departures, no line of sight and line of sight. An intensive evaluation process has taken place to validate the library and acceptance results are produced. Having an open access predefined library, enables the researcher at relevant communities to test and evaluate several complicated vehicular communications scenarios in a wider manners with less time and efforts

Investigation of the entrainment and infiltration rates through air curtains of open low-front refrigerated display cabinets

This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and was awarded by Brunel UniversityThe high energy demand associated with open multi-deck refrigerated display cabinets is a direct consequence of their open design. The interaction between the cold refrigerated air inside the cabinet and the relatively warm air of the supermarket takes place across the air curtain, which serves as a non-physical barrier between the customers and the products. It has been estimated that 70% to 80% of the cabinet’s cooling load is due to ambient air infiltration into the cabinet refrigeration apparatus, which was previously entrained through the descending air curtain. A new generation of display cabinets has immerged in recent years, where the display-to-floor area has increased for the sake of maximizing sales. This modification leaves the air curtain with a larger display opening to seal against. Therefore, the design of such cabinets has now become more challenging, especially when attempting to ensure product integrity and temperature homogeneity while attempting to minimize their energy consumption. In this work, advanced numerical and experimental techniques have been integrated to quantify and also minimize the entrainment rate through the air curtain and the infiltration rate into open low-front refrigerated display cabinets. Experimentally, the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique has been used to map the velocity profile along the air curtain while the Infrared (IR) Thermography technique has been used to map the temperature profile across the cabinet. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technique has been used in both case and parametric studies after confirming its validation with experiment. CFD was found to be a valuable tool for the simulation of open low-front refrigerated display cabinets, and the credibility of the results was assured when the boundary conditions were fine-tuned by experimental data. This thesis has demonstrated a systematic procedure where the entrainment rate through the air curtain can be quantified. The effect of various Discharge Air Grille (DAG) parameters was studied, and it was found that the entrainment rate is highly sensitive to the velocity profile and magnitude at the DAG. A velocity profile with a ramp shape having the maximum velocity near the cabinet yielded the minimum entrainment rate, hence the cabinet cooling load was reduced. In addition, two techniques were introduced for the determination of the infiltration rate of the cabinet. The first utilises the tracer-gas method to determine the specific amounts of ambient dry air and water vapour entering the evaporator coil, and the second uses psychrometrics to quantify the infiltration load as well as the other cooling load components by identifying the various heat transfer processes encountered during the operation of the cabinet. The ambient air infiltrated into the cabinet, although corresponds to 31% of the total mass flow rate, was found to be responsible for at least 85% of the total cooling load of the cabinet. This indicates that low-front cabinet suffer more from infiltration. The contribution of this work is by providing a better understanding towards the entrainment and infiltration processes related to open refrigerated display cabinets. The new techniques introduced in this work can help designers to better assess the impact of different design parameters and quantify the amounts of the entrainment and infiltration rates associated with open low-front refrigerated display cabinets

Harnessing Precision Agriculture Technologies for Eco-Friendly Crop Management: A Synthesis of Environmental Biology and Agriculture Perspectives

In This study investigates the adoption and impact of precision agriculture technologies within the context of sustainable farming practices. Employing a comprehensive methodology, including stratified random sampling, a structured questionnaire, and various statistical analyses, the research explores the intricate relationships between socio-economic factors, farmers' perceptions of precision agriculture, and the technology's practical implications on resource efficiency and crop yields. Gender-based differences, correlations with farming experience, and the impact on crop yields were scrutinized. Results indicate that while precision agriculture holds promise for enhancing resource efficiency and productivity, gender-specific nuances and the role of farming experience demand tailored interventions for a more inclusive and effective adoption. This study contributes nuanced insights to inform policy, practice, and future research in the realm of precision agriculture and sustainable farming

Mediating effect of personal and situational characteristics of Arab tourists in Malaysia and their influence on information sources and information channels of tourist information choice strategies

Statistics show that the influx of tourists in Malaysia has continued to increase by 14.3%; information sources and information channels have played crucial roles in this regard. However, existing studies are yet to distinguish how information sources and information channels influence information choice strategies of Arab tourists. Therefore, this study examines the mediating effects of personal and situational characteristics on information sources and information channels to provide clearer understanding on how information sources and information channels influence the information choice strategies of Arab tourists. Data was collected from 358 Arab tourists in Malaysia through the self-administered questionnaire procedure, and the data was analysed using the multiple regression analysis. Overall, the study found that information sources and information channels had significant influence on the information choice strategies of the Arab tourists. As for the mediating effects, the study also found that personal characteristics significantly mediate the influence of information sources on the information choice strategies of the Arab tourists. The result showed that situational characteristics significantly mediate the influence of information sources on the information choice strategies of the Arab tourists. Therefore, the study concluded that information sources and information channels influence the information choice strategies of the Arab tourists, while personal and situational characteristics significantly mediate influence of the information sources and information channels on the information choice strategies. The study contributes to the body of literature in this area and also provides several insights that may contribute to the development of knowledge that would effectively enhance the tourism industry in Malaysia and also attract more Arab tourists to Malaysia. The study recommends that both the Arab tourists and the Malaysian tourist agencies should always consider personal and situational characteristics in planning for tourism adventure policies on tourism. Finally, the study highlights the limitation of the study and the suggestions for future study

Design Approval Smart Application for Dubai Electricity installations (DASA-DUBAI)

Design Approval smart application for assure the healthy and safety installations for buildings and properties in Dubai using programming and automations. It will enable the engineers in the concerned departments to have effective use of time and effort through having automatic first line defends reviewing the submissions of the electrical engineers contractors/ consultants who will be referred to as customers through the project description. The application will be a data base that carries the original standards and regulations that related to the installations of the electricity wiring in the government of Dubai. That kind of information’s are already distributed as written documents in both hard/soft copies. Having such a general standards and regulations that been updated every couple of years made it such a hard time to the customers to follow up. Also, in the same time it’s difficult to the customer to submit the correct submission from the first time trail to the concern department of electricity. This application will have the support of the city strategies in adaptation of the digital tools and program in order to be the masters in the digital transformation in the world. We are aligned with the fast improvement of the technologies all over the world. We will focused on the elements of how we can enable the software with the current/modification of hardware along with the networks and the rapidly increase of the data are pervading the business world quickly, deeply and broadly. In same time we will not neglecting the faster environment developments that the city is looking forwards such as the interfacing the machine learning and the Arterial intelligence in all industrial and governmental aspects. Moreover, the application will be as guidance tools to the upcoming business companies that would be establishing new business in Dubai. They will find the smart and digital way to know about the regulations and standards in more professional ways. However, the government employee will be able to have more control in the productivity through the day. It’s by having the first line defense ready as the machine dealing with the initial phase of the approval procedures. That will give him the power to use the time effectively. Moreover, transfer him to more powerful employee with skills to improve and modified some of the features that it’s already in the system. Having to learn about the system and observer of the how the application is working and give some enhancement. Which make him part of continues development in the application will increase his involvements and commitment to success of the application. That have different angle of the technology and how it will affect the social aspects too. The application will have the options to view the measurements of the electrical equipments and 2-3 dimensions of the sites to give fulfill views to the engineers how setting in the disk in his company. Moreover, the application will show some of the ideal projects tablets to make it easy to the customer to follow up with the types of their projects such as: if the project building is existing for 30 years ago and some modification will be done as a renovation. As customers concerned about the budget and the way he can make the job done with least changes. More over as a government utility we study the cases as individual to safe the network and the safety of the resident primary. This is to be some of the challenges that we will be discussing later through the project

Assessment of Noise Impact of Air Traffic at Dubai International Airport

The aviation industry in UAE has experienced rapid expansion over the past decade due to increase in economic growth and technological advancements. UAE’s total fiscal investment on airport development over the coming 20 years is estimated to exceed Dh 71 billion (US$19.35 billion). Civil aviation now a day is considered one of the greatest environmental concerns which lead to many different environmental problems. The International Aviation Organization (ICAO) secretariat considered aircraft noise as the most significant cause of adverse community reaction relating to the operation and expansion of airports. This is expected to remain the case in most regions of the world for the foreseeable future. Dubai International Airport (DIA) was established in 1959. The site was chosen not just for its proximity to town but also with future expansion in mind. Since 1992 the growth rate of incoming aircraft at DIA has been exponential, and the airport capacity has doubled between 1980 and 2001. Aircraft movement is further expected to increase in the next 20 years with the already constructed new terminal. The negative impacts of noise resulting from airport operations are known and documented globally. However, a difficulty arise in predicting the variations and changes in airport operations and aircraft noise. The specific objectives of this study were to assess the noise exposure levels, contour the noise profile within the surroundings of DIA, and depict long-term future noise exposure. Field measurements of aircraft noise were undertaken close to the runway 12L/30R end point as well at 7 key locations in the vicinity of DIA. The aircraft noise was modeled using the Integrated Noise Model (INM) which is developed by the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to simulate the current and future noise levels based on steady increase in flight operation. A future annual growth rate of 10.3% till the end of 2010 and 3.5% till the end of 2015 was used based on feedback from local authorities. The local order 61/1991 of the Emirate of Dubai states that “noise level should not exceed 55 dBA between 7:00 am and 8:00 pm and between 8:00 pm and 7:00 am”. Values for community noise set by WHO state that the equivalent noise level for outdoor living area should not exceed 55 dBA. Noise measurement in the vicinity of DIA shows that equivalent noise level varies from 45-65.1 dBA during normal flight hours and from 43.8 – 69.4 dBA during busy flight hours. Also, there was a reduction in the noise level by almost 8 dBA between day and night time measurements. Measured noise level in the vicinity of the airport were close to those predicted under the current conditions. Predicted noise level at the end of 2010 at Al Rashidiya and Mirdif are 62.3 and 65.2 dBA, respectively. The predicted noise level at the end of 2015 at the two community locations will rise to 63 and 69.5 dBA, respectively. Hence, the noise under current and future flight conditions is 7-11 dBA higher (especially at night) than the regulatory limits at certain locations surrounding DIA. Mitigations scenarios were stimulated to develop guidance and mitigation measures to minimize aircraft noise impact in the vicinity of DIA. This was achieved by utilizing the runway end usages and considering wind direction. Results of the mitigated cases lead to change in noise contour and shapes and reductions of the noise level at the most affected areas like Al Khabaisi). The results also illustrated a reduction in the noise level by 3-8 dBA at Mirdif and Al Rashidiya. The second objective of the study was to assess the impact of aircraft noise from DIA on the surrounding community by conducting an individual noise survey at seven areas with consideration of distance and population density. A total of 172 respondents filled the distributed questionnaire. About 78% of the respondents were annoyed by the noise level due to aircraft movement art DIA, mainly in the areas which are in line with the flight path. There is also a difference in the percentage of people annoyed among the surveyed areas due to the differences in the distance from the airport as well as the location within the path of the runway and the flight tracks. The most affected areas based on respondents’ input were Al Tawar and Mirdif. Finally several recommendation were presented by studying airports mitigation procedures, plans and legislations and considering the respondents suggestions. The noise abatement was one of the most recommended procedures by ICAO Committee on Aviation Environment Protection (CAEP). Thus, noise abatement procedures are used to redistribute the noise produced during the flight to alleviate the impact of noise on the most sensitive areas. Changing runways and routes, special noise abatement maneuvers during take-off and approach, reduces the number of people exposed to noise at specific areas around airports

A Requirement Model Of Local News WEB/WAP Application For Rural Communities

Mobile news service for can be obtained easily way and flexibility to access the rural news criteria at any time in any location that this service can provide. This research introduces a prototype "local news WAP/WEB application" that provides the people in the rural communities with the appropriate news services that could help those people to view the various news via this prototype. By using this prototype, the user of this service from the rural communities can easily get necessary information that makes those users in touch with the different news updating in these areas. The proposed prototype provide the user to post the occur news that related for these areas