Development of an NIR sorting machine for detecting internal disorder and quality of apple fruit

The quality level for fresh fruits is very important for the fruit industries. In presents study an automatic online sorting system according to the internal disorder for fresh apple fruit has developed by using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopic technology. The automatic conveyer belts system along with sorting mechanism was constructed. To check the internal quality of the apple fruit, apple was exposed to the NIR radiations in the range 650-1300nm and the data were collected in form of absorption spectra. The collected data were compared to the reference (data of known sample) analyzed and an electronic signal was pass to the sorting system. The sorting system was separate the apple fruit samples according to electronic signal passed to the system. It is found that absorption of NIR radiation in the range 930-950nm was higher in the internally defected samples as compared to healthy samples. On the base of this high absorption of NIR radiation in 930-950nm region the online sorting system was constructed

A comparison between google cloud service and icloud

© 2019 IEEE. The availability of high speed networks and low cost storage devices and computer in addition to the adoption of Service-Oriented-Architecture has opened the door to Cloud Storage Services by many providers. During the recent couple of years, more companies are moving towards cloud storage due to the many reasons such as: scalable on demand disk storage space, backup and data replication and the ability to share and access data from anywhere and anytime. The main objective of the paper is to compare different kinds of Cloud storage service providers. It starts by offering a brief introduction to cloud storage followed by an outline of the general history of cloud services and then moves on to the specific history of two major cloud services: iCloud and Google cloud platform. Furthermore, the various features of the two cloud services are explored and a comparison is made between them

Molecular characterization of olive cultivars grown in Iraq using amplified fragment length polymorphism and simple sequence repeat markers

In this study, genetic relationships among olive cultivars grown in Iraq were investigated by means of two DNA molecular marker classes: amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR). Total genomic DNA was isolated from young leaves of the selected olive cultivars. Namely ‘Arbqween’, ‘Baashiqi’, ‘Dahkan’, ‘Labeeb’, ‘Khdhier’, ‘Manzenllo’, ‘Nepali’, ‘Qaysi’, ‘Shami’ and ‘Sorani’. AFLP-PCR technology was performed using nine selective primer combinations, yielding 250 bands, 145 (58%) of which were polymorphic while 10 SSR primer pairs generated 85 polymorphic bands on a total of 283 fragments (30%). According to AFLP markers, the unweighted pairgroup method with an arithmetic average (UPGMA) ordered olive cultivars into two main clusters irrespective of their origin at similarity level of 0.48. Similarly, UPGMA based on 85 polymorphic SSR loci ordered the olive cultivars into two main clusters at similarity level of 0.54. The combination of AFLP and SSR markers was then performed, thus generating two groups with 50% similarity. Genetic similarity index estimated by both DNA markers used in this study proved three cultivars to be very close to each other (‘Qaysi’, ‘Baashiqi’ and ‘Dahkan’) as they always clustered together in the resulting dendrograma. The scatter diagrams of the first two (PC1 and PC2) of the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) confirmed the results obtained by the two marker classes. The results of this research confirmed AFLP and SSR to be useful tools in genetic relationships among olive cultivars, in creating a molecular database for Iraqi olive cultivars, in breeding strategies and in correct cultivar identification.Keywords: Olea europaea, genetic diversity, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), sequence repeat (SSR) markers.African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(25), pp. 3914-392

Medicinal Activity of Alkaloidic Compound 1H-pyrido{2,3-b} indole Isolated from Solanum melongena Cortex Against Some Pathogenic Bacteria

Current study was carried out for extraction ,isolation ,separation and identification of the alkaloidic compound which is represented by   (1H-pyrido{2,3-b} indole from Iraqi Solanum melongena cortex by using cold ethanolic extract ,qualitative analysis ,quantitative isolation and gas-chromatography –mass spectrum(GC-MS) technique. This active compound was applied for estimation and investigation of its medicinal activity by using various concentration agains two pathogenic bacteria which were represented by Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus .the concentration (10, 15,  25. 50,  100  and 200 mg/ml),recorded inhibition zones diameters equal to b(20,21,22,21,23 and 41)against growth of E.coli bacteria strin wheras  the same concentrations showed inhibition zone diameters equal to (1.0,1.0,25,30 and 43 mm) against growth of  S.aureus bacteria strain the minimal inhibitory concentration was 0.1 gm/ml for both bacteria strains .Therefore (1H-pyrido(2,3,-b  ) indole compound  can be used for treatment of different diseases caused by these pathogenic organisms but this research demands further clinical and pharmaceutical studies . Keywords: Solanum  melongena cortex, 1H-pyrido{2,3-b} indole ,pathogenic bacteria ,GC-Mass technique .medicinal activity

The problems of novice mathematics teachers in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from their perspective and their educational supervisors

This study aimed to determine the problems that face the novice mathematics teacher from their perspective and their educational supervisors. The study followed a survey descriptive methodology and its sample consisted of (310) of novice teacher and (115) educational supervisors. The Study used the questionnaire. The results showed that the most prominent curriculums-related problems of novice teachers are: the weakness of the novice teacher on each of the use of modern teaching strategies, dealing with exploration and expansion lesson and the formulation of objectives that measure the levels and dealing with the issues of higher-order thinking skills. While the physical environment-related problems are: lack of mathematics lab, lack of availability of school references of teaching mathematics , a large number of students in one class, lack of teaching aids. Also lack of maintenance for equipment , and lack of facilities used to teach mathematics in LRC and school. Meanwhile; the most prominent moral environment-related problems of teachers was the teaching overload for the novice teacher. While the most prominent students and their parents-related problems of teachers are: lack of follow-up children's learning by parents and lack of knowledge of the teacher about the social background of students. The most prominent problems related with their personality are: the poor knowledge of teachers about rules and regulations, the lower job degree which the teachers deserve better systematically, the long distance between the teacher's home and work and feeling bored of monotony and routine of teacher's job

Different chemical behaviors and antioxidant activity of three novel schiff bases containing hydroxyl groups. X-ray structure of CH2{cyclo-C6H10-NH=CH-(2-O-naphth)}2.H2O

The antioxidant activities of three new Schiff base compounds, 1–3, were studied through their direct scavenging ability to eliminate free radicals using DPPH and ABTS methods and also through their indirect antioxidant activity as measured using the ferric thiocyanate (FTC) method. The number of OH groups in the compounds and their positions play a role in the activity. The crystal structure of CH2{cycloC6H10NHCH-(2-O-naphth)}2.H2O (1), has been determined and proves the existence of intramolecular hydrogen-bonds and hydrogen-bonded water molecules and reveals the keto-amine (NH⋯O) tautomer of this compound. One cyclo-hexyl ring was found to be disordered, and was resolved in two orientations. Hydrogen atoms of the NHCH groups were located in difference maps and were refined freely. Compounds 2 and 3 exhibit the enol-imine form. The UV–vis spectra of the three compounds have been studied in organic solvents of different polarity, and in basic and acidic media, and were found helpful in understanding the tautomeric forms in these compounds; the polarity was modified by adding (CF3COOH) or [(C2H5)3N] to the solvent. All three compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, UV–vis, FTIR, NMR and MS

أثر الضرر في فسخ العقود غير اللازمة للطرفين: دراسة فقهية مقارنة

الأهداف: تهدف الدراسة إلى بيان أثر الضرر في فسخ العقود غير اللازمة للطرفين، من خلال معرفة حقيقة هذه العقود وخصائصها، وبيان جزاء الفسخ بالضرر في العقود غير اللازمة للطرفين. المنهجية: استخدمت هذه الدراسة المنهج الاستقرائي، وذلك عبر استقراء ما يتعلق بموضوع العقود غير اللازمة للطرفين من كتب الفقهاء. كما استخدمت المنهج التحليلي لتحليل المادة العلمية، والمنهج المقارن وذلك عبر المقارنة بين أقوال الفقهاء والوصول إلى الراجح من الأقوال، ثم المنهج الاستنتاجي، وذلك عبر النظر في جزيئات المسائل المتعلقة بفسخ الضرر في العقود غير اللازمة للطرفين. النتائج: توصلت الدراسة إلى أن كل واحد من العاقدين في العقود غير اللازمة للطرفين مستقل بمطلق حريته التي باشر فيها العقد من حيث الالتزام بالعقد أو الرجوع عنه وفسخه ولو بعد الشروع في العمل، وأن لكل واحد من العقود غير اللازمة للطرفين ضوابط للفسخ بالضرر تختلف من عقد إلى أخر. الخلاصة: هناك أثر واضح للضرر على العقود غير اللازمة للطرفين. توصي الدراسة بمزيد من البحث في آثار الضرر في فسخ العقود، وخاصه في الصور المعاصرة للعقود، وتطبيقاتها في المعاملات المالية المعاصرة

Sequence analysis of the VSX1 and SOD1 genes in families with Keratoconus and a review of the literature

AbstractObjectiveKeratoconus (KC) is a non-inflammatory disorder of the cornea in which the cornea becomes thin and conical, inducing myopia and irregular astigmatism and resulting in mild to marked impairment of vision. The present study was designed to screen two candidate KC genes to identify pathogenic sequence variants responsible for KC in Saudi families.MethodsPeripheral blood samples from members of five Saudi families with KC from the Northern region were collected. Genomic DNA was isolated, and bidirectional sequencing was performed of all coding exons of VSX1 and SOD1 genes using Sanger sequencing.ResultsAll five of the KC families showed a pattern of autosomal recessive inheritance. Phenotyping of these families was performed by a senior ophthalmologist. Sequence analysis of the VSX1 and SOD1 genes failed to reveal any pathogenic sequence variant that could account for KC in the affected individuals.ConclusionOur failure to detect sequence variants in two of the known KC associated genes triggers an interest in other known KC candidate genes, including miR-184, DOCK9, IL1RN and SLC4A11. Future genotyping with dense SNP arrays followed by exome sequencing in these families will be a useful approach to identify the gene(s) underlying KC in this Saudi cohort, which may be different from those reported elsewhere

Performance Analysis of DoA Estimation for FDD Cell Free Systems Based on Compressive Sensing Technique

The concept of cell free (CF) massive MIMO systems is a prospective fifth generation communication technology that effort with base stations for the privilege of user-centric coverage. Most studies on the CF massive MIMO system in the past imply that systems that use time division duplexing (TDD), even despite the systems using frequency division duplex (FDD) predominate in today’s wireless communications. When the number of antennas increases in FDD systems, channel state information (CSI) collection and feedback overhead become major issues. In order to mitigate these issues, we make use of the condition that the so-called uplink and downlink multipath components are comparable. Base station takes use of the angle reciprocity may immediately obtain information on channel parameters from the uplink training signal. In this paper, for CF massive MIMO system based on FDD, we provide compressive sensing (CS) of directions of arrival (DoAs) estimation approach of access point cooperation based on the channel parameters. The suggested estimation approach outperforms the established subspace-based technique, according to simulation findings. Additionally, we showed that the results of our compressive sensing estimator against the conventional estimation method. The former demonstrates way far better outcome and performance accordingly than the latter