IMPLEMENTASI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN POWER POINT PADA KONSEP REDUKSI-OKSIDASI TERHADAP PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS X SMA NEGERI 6 AMBON

Telah dilakukan penelitian pembelajaran pada konsep reduksi-oksidasi yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar siswa melalui penerapan media pembelajaran power point  kelas X SMA Negeri 6 Ambon. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X MIA1 SMA Negeri 6 Ambon semester genap Tahun Pelajaran 2018-2019. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik tes dan observasi belajar siswa. Dari hasil analisa data diperoleh bahwa hasil belajar siswa kelas X MIA1 telah mencapai kriteria ketuntasan minimal yaitu pada aspek kognif, afektif, psikomotor dengan nilai akhir yang diperoleh adalah kualifikasi sangat baik 3 siswa (14,09%), kualifikasi baik 14 siswa (66,66%), dan kualifikasi cukup 4 siswa (19,05%). Data pencapaian N-gain yang diperoleh yaitu 17 siswa (80,95%) mencapai kategori gain tinggi dan 4 siswa (19,05%) mencapai gain sedang. Hasil respon siswa terhadap pembelajaran menggunakan power point diperoleh presentase rata-rata sebesar 76,69% dengan kategori sangat baik. Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan media pembelajaran power point memberikan hasil dan respon yang baik untuk hasil belajar siswa pada konsep reduksi-oksidasi dengan kriteria pencapaian n-gain yang diperoleh adalah 0,77

IMPLEMENTASI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN POWER POINT PADA KONSEP REDUKSI-OKSIDASI TERHADAP PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS X SMA NEGERI 6 AMBON

Telah dilakukan penelitian pembelajaran pada konsep reduksi-oksidasi yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar siswa melalui penerapan media pembelajaran power point  kelas X SMA Negeri 6 Ambon. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X MIA1 SMA Negeri 6 Ambon semester genap Tahun Pelajaran 2018-2019. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik tes dan observasi belajar siswa. Dari hasil analisa data diperoleh bahwa hasil belajar siswa kelas X MIA1 telah mencapai kriteria ketuntasan minimal yaitu pada aspek kognif, afektif, psikomotor dengan nilai akhir yang diperoleh adalah kualifikasi sangat baik 3 siswa (14,09%), kualifikasi baik 14 siswa (66,66%), dan kualifikasi cukup 4 siswa (19,05%). Data pencapaian N-gain yang diperoleh yaitu 17 siswa (80,95%) mencapai kategori gain tinggi dan 4 siswa (19,05%) mencapai gain sedang. Hasil respon siswa terhadap pembelajaran menggunakan power point diperoleh presentase rata-rata sebesar 76,69% dengan kategori sangat baik. Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan media pembelajaran power point memberikan hasil dan respon yang baik untuk hasil belajar siswa pada konsep reduksi-oksidasi dengan kriteria pencapaian n-gain yang diperoleh adalah 0,77

Modeling of a New Structure of Precision Air Conditioning System Using Secondary Condenser for Rh Regulation

A dynamic mathematical model for a new structure of precision air conditioning (PAC) has been developed. The proposed PAC uses an additional secondary condenser for relative humidity regulation compared to a basic refrigeration system. The work mechanism for this system and a vapour-compression cycle process of the system are illustrated using psychrometric chart and pressure-enthalpy diagram. A non-linear system model is derived based on the conservation of mass and energy balance principles and then linearized at steady state operating point for developing a 8th-order state space model suited for multivariable controller design. The quality of linearized model is analyzed in terms of transient response, controllability, observability, and interaction between input-output variables. The developed model is verified through simulation showing its ability for imitating the nonlinear behavior and the interaction of input-output variables

Evaluating Urban Streets and Public Transportation in Karbala City Using GIS

Because of the privilege of the city of Karbala with its religious character, this city has become a destination for all visitors from all cities of the world; as a consequence, there are now more people living in Karbala, which has increased the number of vehicles on the road and, consequently, the amount of traffic congestion. In this study, the degrees of public transportation service in the city of Karbala as well as the urban road network, were assessed using GIS. The collected data include the number of nodes, links, and the total length of Karbala's urban road network using a GIS program and traffic composition (bus and minibus). Then, a set of coefficients for evaluating the urban road network was calculated) β- Index, α- Index, γ- Index, η- Index and GTP- Index), After determining the percentage of buses and minibusses, it became clear that public transportation in Karbala is very weak and needs development, as the percentage of buses and minibusses did not exceed 30% of the total traffic volume

Cardiovascular medications and regulation of COVID-19 receptors expression

INTRODUCTION: Emerging epidemiological studies suggested that Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors may increase infectivity and severity of COVID-19 by modulating the expression of ACE2. METHODS: In silico analysis was conducted to compare the blood expression levels of SARS-CoV-2 entry genes between age and gender matched cohort of hypertensive patients versus control, and to determine the effect of common cardiovascular medications on the expression of COVID-19 receptors in vitro using primary human hepatocytes. RESULTS: The transcriptomic analysis revealed a significant increase of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in the blood of patients with hypertension. Treatment of primary human hepatocytes with captopril, but not enalapril, significantly increased ACE2 expression. A similar pattern of ACE2 expression was found following the in vitro treatments of rat primary cells with captopril and enalapril. Telmisartan, a second class RAAS inhibitors, did not affect ACE2 levels. We have also tested other cardiovascular medications that may be used alone, or in combination with RAAS inhibitors. Some of these medications increased TMPRSS2, while others, like furosemide, significantly reduced COVID-19 receptors. CONCLUSIONS: The increase in ACE2 expression levels could be due to chronic use of RAAS inhibitors or alternatively caused by other hypertension-related factors or presence of other comorbidities. Treatment of common co-morbidities often require chronic use of multiple medications, which may result in an additive increase in the expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2. Our data suggest that more research is needed to determine the effect of different medications, as well as medication combinations, on COVID-19 receptors

A Large Outbreak of Hepatitis E Among a Displaced Population in Darfur, Sudan, 2004: The Role of Water Treatment Methods.

BACKGROUND: The conflict in Darfur, Sudan, was responsible for the displacement of 1.8 million civilians. We investigated a large outbreak of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in Mornay camp (78,800 inhabitants) in western Darfur. METHODS: To describe the outbreak, we used clinical and demographic information from cases recorded at the camp between 26 July and 31 December 2004. We conducted a case-cohort study and a retrospective cohort study to identify risk factors for clinical and asymptomatic hepatitis E, respectively. We collected stool and serum samples from animals and performed a bacteriological analysis of water samples. Human samples were tested for immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M antibody to HEV (for serum samples) and for amplification of the HEV genome (for serum and stool samples). RESULTS: In 6 months, 2621 hepatitis E cases were recorded (attack rate, 3.3%), with a case-fatality rate of 1.7% (45 deaths, 19 of which involved were pregnant women). Risk factors for clinical HEV infection included age of 15-45 years (odds ratio, 2.13; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-4.46) and drinking chlorinated surface water (odds ratio, 2.49; 95% confidence interval, 1.22-5.08). Both factors were also suggestive of increased risk for asymptomatic HEV infection, although this was not found to be statistically significant. HEV RNA was positively identified in serum samples obtained from 2 donkeys. No bacteria were identified from any sample of chlorinated water tested. CONCLUSIONS: Current recommendations to ensure a safe water supply may have been insufficient to inactivate HEV and control this epidemic. This research highlights the need to evaluate current water treatment methods and to identify alternative solutions adapted to complex emergencies

The impact of multi-enzyme fortification on growth performance, intestinal morphology, nutrient digestibility, and meat quality of broiler chickens fed a standard or low-density diet

This research aimed to study the impact of supplementation of three multi-enzyme levels (0, 0.1, and 0.2% of feed) and two levels of dietary treatments [standard diet (SD) and low-density diet (LDD)] on growth performance, carcass traits, digestibility, and meat quality of broilers from 1 to 38 days of age. A total of 216 1-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly assigned to a factorial experiment (2 × 3) comprising six dietary treatments, each with six replicates and each replicate with six chickens. The results showed that the LDD significantly reduced body weight gain by 5.0%, compared with the SD. Multi-enzymes significantly improved body weight gain and the production index (PI) relative to the SD. The feed conversion ratio was significantly enhanced with increased multi-enzymes from 1 to 21 days. A significant relation between the multi-enzyme concentration and type of dietary treatment was observed in body weight gain and feed conversion ratio from 1 to 21 days of age. Nitrogen-free extract digestibility was significantly increased by using the SD diet compared with using the LDD. Multi-enzyme supplementation improved the digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, and nitrogen-free extract in the LDD. A significant relationship was found between the multi-enzyme concentration and type of dietary treatment on the pancreas, liver, and intestinal length percentages. The meat dry matter concentration was significantly higher in the LDD group than in the SD group. The low-density diet significantly reduced the total revenue compared with the SD, whereas broilers fed the SD recorded significantly higher total revenue and economic efficiency than those fed the LDD. The low-density diet significantly increased economic efficiency compared with the SD. Multi-enzymes significantly increased the total revenue, net revenue, and economic efficiency than the standard set. In conclusion, using multi-enzymes in broiler diets improved body weight gain. The LDD with multi-enzymes showed enhanced body weight gain compared with the SD without multi-enzymes

Enhanced expression of immune checkpoint receptors during SARS-CoV-2 viral infection

The immune system is tightly regulated by the activity of stimulatory and inhibitory immune receptors. This immune homeostasis is usually disturbed during chronic viral infection. Using publicly available transcriptomic datasets, we conducted in silico analyses to evaluate the expression pattern of 38 selected immune inhibitory receptors (IRs) associated with different myeloid and lymphoid immune cells during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Our analyses revealed a pattern of overall upregulation of IR mRNA during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. A large number of IRs expressed on both lymphoid and myeloid cells were upregulated in nasopharyngeal swabs (NPSs), while lymphoid-associated IRs were specifically upregulated in autopsies, reflecting severe, terminal stage COVID-19 disease. Eight genes (BTLA, LAG3, FCGR2B, PDCD1, CEACAM1, CTLA4, CD72, and SIGLEC7), shared by NPSs and autopsies, were more expressed in autopsies and were directly correlated with viral levels. Single-cell data from blood and bronchoalveolar samples also reflected the observed association between IR upregulation and disease severity. Moreover, compared to SARS-CoV-1, influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus infections, the number and intensities of upregulated IRs were higher in SARS-CoV-2 infections. In conclusion, the immunopathology and severity of COVID-19 could be attributed to dysregulation of different immune inhibitors. Targeting one or more of these immune inhibitors could represent an effective therapeutic approach for the treatment of COVID-19 early and late immune dysregulations

Sharīʻa, Islamism and Arab support for democracy

The Arab Spring and its aftermath reignited the debate over the relationship between Islamism and democracy. This analysis improves upon previous research by demonstrating the crucial contribution which a more precise understanding of the multiple meanings of the concept of Sharīʻa can have on our assessment of the future of democracy in the Arab world. While support for the Sharīʻa-conformity of laws has a positive impact on the preference for democracy, the insistence that Sharīʻa represents the word of God as opposed to the human attempt to interpret it reduces support for democracy. These findings are of considerable significance for academics and policy-makers interested in the future of democracy in the Arab world as it suggests that generic expressions of support for Sharīʻa are less relevant in explaining support for democracy than what Arab women and men consider to be its essence