Effect of feeding regime on fatty acid composition and conjugated linoleic acid content of perirenal, omental and tail fat in Akkaraman lambs

In this study, the effect of feeding regime on fatty acid composition including conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) of omental, perirenal and tail fat from Akkaraman lambs, the most widespread sheep breed in central Anatolia, was investigated. Forty-five suckling lambs, born in the same farm, were fed mainly maternal milk from birth to weaning and then the lambs were divided into three groups. One group (maternal milk-fed group) of the lambs was directly slaughtered after weaning. A second group (pasture group) was allowed to graze a natural pasture and slaughtered at three months after weaning. Third group (concentrate group) was fed concentrate ad-libitum together with 150 g/day alfalfa and slaughtered at three months after weaning. In all feeding regime, the predominant fatty acids were C 16:0 palmitic and C 18:0 stearic acid as saturated fatty acid (SFA), C 18:1ω9 oleic acid as monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and C 18:2 ω6 linoleic acid as polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). Omental, perirenal and tail fat of the pasture-fed lambs contained more total CLA, total ω3, ω3/ω6ratio compared with that of the concentrate-fed lambs. Moreover, omental, perirenal and tail fat of concentrate-fed lambs had higher ω6/ω3 ratio and this ratio was decreased by pasture feeding.Key words: Akkaraman lambs, pasture, suckling, concentrate, fatty acid composition, conjugated linoleic acid

Antibacterial activity and composition of the essential oils of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. and Myrtus communis L. growing in Northern Cyprus

Water-distilled essential oils from leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. and Myrtus communis L., collected from Northern Cyprus, were analysed by GC-MS. The major constituents of the essential oil from E. camaldulensis Dehn. were ethanone (25.36%), eucalyptol (13.73%), -caryophyllene (11.55%) and carvacrol (9.05%). Eucalyptol (50.13%) was identified as the main constituent of the essential oil of Myrtus communis L. The other important components were linalool (12.65%), -terpineol (7.57%) andlimonene (4.26%). M. communis showed some activity on Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria while E. camaldulensis was found to have a low activity. The higher efficacy of M. communis was confirmed by the agar dilution method

Determination of the seasonal changes on total fatty acid composition of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss in Ivriz Dam Lake, Turkey

Total fatty acid compositions and seasonal variations of Oncorhynchus mykiss in Ivriz Dam Lake, Turkey were investigated using gas chromatographic method. A total of 38 different fatty acids were determined in the fatty acid composition of rainbow trout. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were found to be higher than saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) in all seasons. Oleic acid (C18:1 9) is the major MUFA in all seasons. Palmitic acid (C16:0) was identified as the major SFA infour seasons. Docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6 3), linoleic acid (C18:2 6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 3) had the highest levels among the PUFAs. In the present study, 3 /6 ratios were found to be 1.24, 1.68, 0.61 and 0.98 in spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively

A New Source of Natural Antioxidants From Turkey: Linaria GenistifoliaSubsp. Genistifolia

The antioxidant properties of different solvent extracts (acetone, methanol and water) from Linaria genistifolia subsp. genistifolia were investigated. Antioxidant properties were evaluated by different methods including free radical scavenging (DPPH and ABTS), reducing power (CUPRAC and FRAP), phosphomolybdenum, β-carotene/linoleic acid and metal chelating assays. Also, total phenolic and flavonoid content were determined for each extracts. Generally, the acetone and methanol extracts exhibited strong antioxidant abilities with higher level of phenolics (40.17 mgGAEs/g for acetone and 28.18 mgGAEs/g for methanol). All extracts had remarkable inhibition abilities of linoleic acid oxidation (84.88% for acetone, 77.22% for methanol and 63.04 for water). The results indicate that Linaria genistifolia subsp. genistifolia could be considered as a source of natural antioxidant for preparing new food ingredients and pharmaceutical formulations

Studies on antioxidant activity, volatile compound and fatty acid composition of different parts of Glycyrrhiza echinata L.

The essential oil compound, fatty acid composition and the in vitro antioxidant activity of the root and aerial of Glycyrrhiza echinata L., a medicinal plant growing in Turkey, have been studied. The antioxidant capacity tests were designed to evaluate the antioxidant activities of methanol extracts. Total phenolic and flavonoid concentrations of each extract were also determined by using both Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and aluminum chloride. The aerial part was found to possess the highest total phenolic content (146.30 ± 4.58 mg GAE/g) and total antioxidant capacity (175.33 ± 3.98 mg AE/g). The essential oil from root and aerial parts was analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) systems. The major components identified were n-hexadecanoic acid, hexahydro farnesyl acetone, α-caryophyllen, hexanal and phytol. In fatty acid profiles of plant, palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acid were detected as the main components. The results of this study have shown that the extracts G. echinata are suitable as a natural antioxidant and food supplement source for pharmacological and food industries due to their beneficial chemical composition and antioxidant capacity

Studies on in vitro antioxidant activities of nine diff erent fruit tree leaves collected from Mediterranean region of Turkey

To investigate antioxidant of the methanolic and water extracts obtained from nine different fruit tree leaves(avocado, walnut, mulberry, fig, carob, lemon, pomegranate, grape, and loquat) collected from Mediterraneanregion of Turkey. The antioxidant activities were evaluated with different in vitro antioxidant assays includingphosphomolybdate assay, free radical scavenging assays (•OH, NO, and O2−), β-carotene/linoleic acid testsystem, and ferric reducing power. The contents of saponin and tannin in extracts were also determined. Thepresent study suggests that the extracts were good radical scavengers. These results suggest that the extractsexamined should be beneficial as a source of natural agents for the food industry and pharmacological applications

Seasonal changes on total fatty acid composition of carp (Cyprinus carpio L. ), in vriz Dam Lake, Turkey

The effects of seasonal variation on the fatty acid composition of carps Cyprinus carpio were determined. A total of 38 different fatty acids were determined in the composition of carps. There were quantitative differences between fatty acids in muscle tissue investigated, depending on the season. Oleic acid C18:1 9 was the major monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) in all seasons. Palmitic acid C16:0 was identified as the major saturated fatty acid (SFA) in four seasons. Palmitoleic acid C16:1 wasthe third highest fatty acid in total fatty acids. MUFAs were found to be higher than SFAs and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in all seasons. Docosahexaenoic acid C22:6 3, linoleic acid C18:2 6 and eicosapentaenoic acid C20:5 3 were the highest levels among the PUFAs. The percentages of 3 fatty acid were higher than those of total 6 fatty acid in the fatty acid composition of carp. In the present study, 3/6 ratios were found to be 1.08, 1.43, 1.64 and 1.60 in spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively. C. carpio may be a valuable food for human consumption in terms of fatty acids

Fatty acid composition of fl owers of Crepis foetida subsp. rhoeadifolia from Turkey

This study aims to describe the fatty acid composition of flowers of Crepis foetida subsp. rhoeadifolia. In order todefine qualitative and quantitative profile, fatty acids were derived to their methyl esters, and then these wereanalyzed by gas chromatography - flame ionization detector. 20 fatty acids were determined in the oil. Palmitic(C 16:0), myristic (C 14:0), and linoleic acids (18:2 ω6) were found to be major fatty acids. Total saturatedfatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were 62.67%, 17.54%, and19.79%, respectively. Also, total essential fatty acids (EFA) were determined ad 14.48%. Therefore, the oil canbe considered as a new source of PUFA, especially EFA

The creative drama method in cultural heritage education: Bursa Grand Mosque

The research presented here is based on the idea of using creative drama, which adopts the principle of learning by doing and experiencing, as a method to teach individuals about the artistic and historical elements of religious architecture and increase their sensitivity to cultural heritage. This particular study involved introducing Bursa Grand Mosque to 9th grade students, with the aim of raising their awareness of their cultural heritage through processes based on creative drama. The positive feedback from students showed the project was a success, and the authors propose that similar programmes in other mosques will provide historical and cultural contributions in terms of forming a connection between yesterday, today and tomorrow, and having a long-lasting, lifelong impact on the lives of students

Capacidad antioxidante y perfil de ácidos grasos de Centaurea kotschyi (Boiss. & Heldr.) Hayek var. persica (Boiss.) Wagenitz de Turquía

The antioxidant capacity of the methanolic extract and the fatty acid composition of C. kotschyi var. persica were investigated. Six different chemical methods were used to determine the antioxidant capacity. The fatty acid composition was analyzed using gas chromatography. The IC50 value of the extract was determined as 37.09 μg/ml (in the DPPH assay). In the β-carotene/linoleic acid system, the extract exhibited 65.22% inhibition against linoleic acid oxidation. The amount of total phenolic content and total antioxidant capacity were detected as 36.52 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g and 74.93 mg ascorbic acid equivalent (AE)/g, respectively. The major fatty acid in the composition of C. kotschyi var. persica was found to be C 18:3 ω3 (α-linolenic acid) by GC analysis. The results presented here indicate that C. kotschyi var. persica possess strong antioxidant properties. Therefore, the species can be used as a natural additive in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.La capacidad antioxidante de extractos metanólicos y composición de ácidos grasos de C. kotschyi var. pérsica fueron investigados. Seis métodos químicos diferentes fueron realizados para la determinación de la capacidad antioxidante. La composición de ácidos grasos fue analizada por cromatografía de gases. Los valores de IC50 de los extractos fueron 37.09 μg/ml (en el ensayo con DPPH). En el sistema β-carotene/ácido linoleico, el extracto mostró un 65.22% de inhibición frente a la oxidación del ácido linoleico. La cantidad total de contenido fenólico y capacidad antioxidante total fueron 36.52 mg equivalentes de ácido gallico (GAE)/g y 74.93 mg equivalentes de ácido ascórbico (AE)/g, respectivamente. El principal ácidos graso encontrado, por análisis de CG, en C. kotschyi var. pérsica fue el C 18:3 ω3 (ácido α-linolenico). Los resultados presentados aquí indican que C. kotschyi var. pérsica posee unas fuertes propiedades antioxidantes. Además, las especies pueden ser usadas como aditivos naturales en los alimentos, en cosmética y en industria farmacéutica