Gallium-68 DOTANOC imaging in paraganglioma/pheochromocytoma: presentation of sample cases and review of the literature.

Gallium-68 DOTANOC is a high affinity somatostatin receptor ligand, first introduced in 2005 for imaging neuroendocrine tumors. Due to its technically simple production, broad availability, favourable biodistribution and advantageous dosimetry, although not approved yet in all European countries, gallium-68 DOTANOC has rapidly gained acceptance in the diagnostic and therapeutic work-flow of different types of neuroendocrine tumors. Principal indications in clinical practice in countries where it is officially approved include diagnosis and staging, restaging after treatment, identification of sites of unknown primary and selection of patients with neuroendocrine tumors eligible for therapy with somatostatin analogues

European Perspective on 2015 American Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for Adult Patients with Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Proceedings of an Interactive International Symposium

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Malignant pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma : future considerations for therapy

Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma are rare neuroendocrine tumors. Knowledge about such neoplasms ameliorated in the last 10-15 years with the discovery of increasing number of germ line mutations even in apparently sporadic cases. Seemingly, genetic tests are going to be an integral part of diagnostic procedures. Standard therapies (advanced surgery, radiometabolic therapy, chemotherapy and radiotherapy) have revealed suboptimal results in tumor size reduction and survival. Currently, there is no standard therapeutic protocol and thus some patients end up with overtreatment while others are undertreated. An effective molecular target therapy aiming at permanent control of these highly complex neoplasms should be the aim of future efforts. In clinical setting investigatory trials with multiple drug therapies targeting a variety of different parallel pathways should be available. Successful management requires a multidisciplinary teamwork