Successful Pregnancy Following Repair of Vesicouterine Fistula Following Repeat Caesarean Section: A Case Report

A lady, para 2, both delivered by caesarean section for prolonged labour, presented with the complaints of menouria and infertility for 3 years following her last caesarean section. She had history of haematuria during menstruation and her menstrual flow is scanty. Her first baby was female and alive, but her second baby was stillborn following prolonged and obstructed labour. This has been continuously blamed by family and others for happening that events. Her fistula was confirmed by ultrasound scan, histerography and cystoscopy. The vesicouterine fistula was treated by local repair with omental patch through transperitoneal approach. Pregnancy following one year of successful repair has turned her from miserable to happiness in life.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bsmmuj.v5i1.11030 BSMMU J 2012; 5(1):76-78

Successful Pregnancy Following Repair of Vesicouterine Fistula Following Repeat Caesarean Section: A Case Report

A lady, para 2, both delivered by caesarean section for prolonged labour, presented with the complaints of menouria and infertility for 3 years following her last caesarean section. She had history of haematuria during menstruation and her menstrual flow is scanty. Her first baby was female and alive, but her second baby was stillborn following prolonged and obstructed labour. This has been continuously blamed by family and others for happening that events. Her fistula was confirmed by ultrasound scan, histerography and cystoscopy. The vesicouterine fistula was treated by local repair with omental patch through transperitoneal approach. Pregnancy following one year of successful repair has turned her from miserable to happiness in life.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bsmmuj.v5i1.11030 BSMMU J 2012; 5(1):76-78

Bacterial Isolates and Antimicrobial Susceptibility in Children with Acute Diarrhea at Ibn Sina Medical College, Bangladesh

Backround: Infectious diarrhea is one of common cause of children diarrhea causing mortality and morbidity worldwide. This study was performed to identify the common bacteria and their antimicrobial susceptibility in children with diarrhea. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted from April 2014 to March 2016 at IBN SINA Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh. Stool samples were cultured on MacConkey agar and blood agar. A standard biochemical procedure was used for full identification of bacterial isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were done on Mueller-Hinton agar by using disc diffusion method. Data were entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 20 and a p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 186 stool samples were tested for bacterial isolation and 55 (29.57%) cases were found to have bacterial isolates. From the total bacterial isolates, the predominant isolate was E. coli 39 (70.91%) followed by Salmonella 9 (16.36%) and Shigella Spp.7 (12.73%). As much as 84.62% E. coli were resistant to co-trimoxazole and cefuroxime while 92.31% E. coli were sensitive to amikacin and 71.79% were sensitive to cefepime and gentamicin. Salmonella were 100% sensitive to cefepime, ceftriaxone, cefixime, ceftazidime, and ciprofloxacin. Shigella were 85.71% sensitive to amikacin and cefepime. Conclusion: The results show that E. coli were the most frequently isolated pathogen in children. The majority of the bacterial isolates were resistant to multiple antibiotics. Hence, antibiotics susceptibility test is mandatory before prescribing any antibiotics

Evaluation of pharmacological and toxicological studies of an ayurvedic medicine Rasaraj Ras on biological system of the male Sprague-Dawley rats

Background: In this study, the pharmacological and toxicological effects along with possible side effects of the classical ayurvedic formulation Rasaraj Ras (RR) which is used as a traditional medicine in the treatment of hemiplegia in the rural population were evaluated.Methods: During this study, various experiments on body growth rate, organ-body weight ratio and tissue hydration indices were performed to evaluate its efficacy and toxicity. To find out the toxicological characteristic of RR, it was administered chronically to the male Sprague-Dawley rats at a dose of 40 mg/kg. After 28 days chronic administration of the RR preparation the following toxicological changes were noted.Results: All throughout the experimental period the RR treated animals were always maintaining negligible changes in body weight, but all throughout the experimental period no statistically significant increase or decrease was noted. There is a statistically significant decrease in the relative percent weight of the male rat heart. There is a statistically highly significant decrease in the absolute weight of the male rat liver. There is a statistically highly significant decrease in the relative percent weight of the male rat liver. There is a statistically significant decrease in the relative percent weight of the male rat kidney. In the tissue hydration index determination, no significant changes were noted in case of any organ.Conclusions: As RR decreases abnormally weight of several organs in body of treated rats, so it should not be administered chronically at a higher dose

Trapped in Statelessness: Rohingya Refugees in Bangladesh

The Rohingya people are one of the most ill-treated and persecuted refugee groups in the world, having lived in a realm of statelessness for over six generations, and who are still doing so. In recent years, more than 500,000 Rohingyas fled from Myanmar (Burma) to neighboring countries. This article addresses the Rohingya refugee crisis in Bangladesh, with special emphasis on the living conditions of this vulnerable population. We reviewed several documents on Rohingya refugees, visited a registered refugee camp (Teknaf), collected case reports, and conducted a series of meetings with stakeholders in the Cox’s Bazar district of Bangladesh. A total of 33,131 registered Rohingya refugees are living in two registered camps in Cox’s Bazar, and up to 80,000 additional refugees are housed in nearby makeshift camps. Overall, the living conditions of Rohingya refugees inside the overcrowded camps remain dismal. Mental health is poor, proper hygiene conditions are lacking, malnutrition is endemic, and physical/sexual abuse is high. A concerted diplomatic effort involving Bangladesh and Myanmar, and international mediators such as the Organization of Islamic Countries and the United Nations, is urgently required to effectively address this complex situation

Photoactive nano-confined Pt in titania nanotubes (Pt-TiNT) via microwave-assisted flow synthesis

Pt-TiNT with PtO nanoparticles dispersed within the lumen and interlayer spaces of titania nanotubes (TiNT) were prepared by a new process involving titanate nanosheets (TiNS) synthesis in an optimized microwave-assisted flow reactor, followed by ion-exchange with a Pt precursor, before triggering the titanate layer rolling to trap the Pt precursor clusters inside the titania nanotubes, followed by a thermal treatment. TEM, XRD, and Raman analyses confirm the total conversion of TiO2 into TiNS in 15 min at 120 °C and 4 bar, and the TiNS transformation into 181 nm-long TiNT with 10 and 6 nm outer and inner diameter, respectively. The 2% Pt-TiNT comprises 0.7 nm PtO clusters (according to XPS), causing slight distortions of the interlayer spaces, while a few larger 2–3 nm Pt clusters reside within the lumen. As a result, Pt-TiNT is 14-fold more active than TiNT for visible light (400–780 nm) photocatalytic oxidation of diclofenac under 2136 μW·cm−2 irradiation, and>1000-fold better than the uncatalyzed photoconversion reaction under 100 mW·cm−2 artificial solar lighting. In addition, nano-confinement of PtO clusters narrowed the bandgap of the TiNT, which, combined with its excellent absorptivity to harvest light, allowed a broader spectral range of photon energies to activate the photocatalyst.11 página

A Study of Feminine Identity Crisis in Anita Desai’s Fictional Work

This research delves into Anita Desai\u27s literary exploration of the feminine identity crisis, examining how her novels depict women\u27s battles against societal and familial restrictions. Through an intersectional feminist perspective, Desai\u27s works, including Fire on the Mountain, Cry the Peacock, and Voices in the City, are analyzed to reveal the enduring perception of women\u27s inferiority and their roles as sacrificial figures within the family structure. Employing a descriptive methodology and drawing from primary sources and socio-psychological frameworks, this study interprets Desai\u27s portrayal of women\u27s struggles for autonomy amidst societal pressures. Through thematic exploration and character analysis, it uncovers the nuances of female experiences, their quest for identity, and the entrenched influence of patriarchal norms. Ultimately, the research illuminates Desai\u27s depiction of women\u27s resilience and their journey toward emancipation in the face of systemic oppression

Writing as a Skill of Learning English in Bangladesh Education System Perspective

This paper investigates the role of writing as a learning skill in Bangladesh\u27s English education. It assesses writing instruction across primary, secondary, higher secondary, and tertiary levels, focusing on English textbooks by NCTB, class schedules at Willes Little Flower School and Dhaka City College, and question papers from SSC-2017 and HSC-2018. Data from Bangladesh Education Statistics 2017 highlights the shortage of senior teachers in universities. Through this analysis and reference to scholarly works, it underscores the significance of writing as a vital component of English language acquisition within Bangladesh\u27s educational framework. The paper concludes with recommendations for improvement