Characteristics of Strong Ground Motions in the 30 October 2020, MW6.9 Aegean Sea Earthquake

The eastern parts of the Aegean Sea were struck by a destructive MW 6.9 earthquake on 30 October 2020 at 11:51:27 UTC. The earthquake ruptured an East-West trending normal fault in the Aegean Sea between the northern coast of Samos Island and the southern coast of İzmir and also triggered a medium level tsunami and thousands of aftershocks across the region. 119 fatalities, 1,051 injuries, and many collapsed buildings were reported due to the earthquake in the affected region. The most catastrophic consequences of the earthquake were registered in the Bayraklı and Bornova districts, which are built on a deep alluvial Basin approximately 60–70 km away from the epicentre of the mainshock. This paper explains the damage with an extensive dataset of ground motion records of the mainshock and aftershocks, which are provided by both Greek and Turkish networks. A set of ground motion parameters such as peak ordinates, spectral quantities, intensity measures and duration parameters are calculated and analysed. The closest softer soil station in Samos Island produces the highest peak ground acceleration and velocity. The ground motion models employed commonly for the region overestimate the observed data beyond 60–70 km of Joyner-Boore distance except for the recently published local ground motion model, which utilises local earthquakes in the derivation of the model. Contrary to expectations, stiff soil recordings exhibit considerable spectral accelerations in the long period region, similar to those in soft soils. The calculated ground motion parameters are correlated with the results of the hybrid reconnaissance mission, organized by the Earthquake Engineering Field Investigation Team (EEFIT). Although the peak values and regarded intensity measures clearly highlight the variability in soil conditions in the most damaged area (Bayraklı and Bornova), velocity-based ground motion parameters seem to be the more responsive damage indicators. The spectral shapes of the normalised response spectra in the İzmir Basin are not compatible with the 2018 Turkish seismic code spectrum whereas their response spectra are below the 475-years return period design spectra provided in outdated and current Turkish seismic codes

Asırı Sulamanın Toplumsal-Ekinsel Nedenlerinin Çözümlenmesi - Harran Ovası Örneği-

The construction of Ataturk Dam, and the establishment of the irrigation facilities were created wrong irrigation, economic and environmental problems in addition to a heavy cost to the Republic of Turkey. The purpose of this study is to analyze the socio-cultural connection of producer’ over-irrigation on Harran Plain and may help to develop a research outline for similar studies. Theoretical study is based on the "Situational Functional Approach". Research under the Harran Plain a questionnaire were made with the 163 subjects constist of 86 producers in eight villages, 12 irrigation union presidents and general secretaries, 5 agricultural chamber presidents and agricultural engineers working in these officers, 26 pesticide dealers, 34 extentionst at provincial and district directorates of agriculture

Asırı Sulamanın Toplumsal-Ekinsel Nedenlerinin Çözümlenmesi - Harran Ovası Örneği-

The construction of Ataturk Dam, and the establishment of the irrigation facilities were created wrong irrigation, economic and environmental problems in addition to a heavy cost to the Republic of Turkey. The purpose of this study is to analyze the socio-cultural connection of producer’ over-irrigation on Harran Plain and may help to develop a research outline for similar studies. Theoretical study is based on the "Situational Functional Approach". Research under the Harran Plain a questionnaire were made with the 163 subjects constist of 86 producers in eight villages, 12 irrigation union presidents and general secretaries, 5 agricultural chamber presidents and agricultural engineers working in these officers, 26 pesticide dealers, 34 extentionst at provincial and district directorates of agriculture

Evaluation of Internship Practices in Vocational Colleges According to the Views of Academics (Kirklareli University Case)

Within the scope of university-industry cooperation, efforts on the preservation of the updating the educational programs in vocational colleges, re-arrangement of the education programs by determining the requirements of the enterprises and transferring the new technologies of the enterprises to the vocational colleges continue Within this scope, different internship application methods are applied in different universities. The compulsory internship of the student is controlled by the academic staff who are assigned as an internship advisor. Therefore, the first hand feedbacks are gathered by the advisors. For this reason, advisors' views on the practice of compulsory internship practice are an important data that must be referred to accomplish the mission of vocational colleges. In this research, it is aimed to collect the remarks of advisors in vocational colleges affiliated to Kirklareli University with regard to compulsory internship practice and different internship practice methods. The research was carried out in the spring semester of 2017-2018 academic year with the participation of teaching staff of Vocational Colleges of Kirklareli University. A total of 89 teaching staff participated in the research on the basis of volunteerism. Participants' opinions on internship practices were collected through 6 open-ended questions. The research was carried out using the purposive sampling method in qualitative research design and the obtained data were evaluated with the help of content analysis. According to findings, current internship practice was found to be inefficient in terms of the duration of internship, problems caused by workplace, low number of establishments in the region and responsibilities of students. The recommendation of the advisors, to implement a more effective internship, is to improve university-industry cooperation, increase supervision and communication

The Advantages and Limitations of Ultrasound Elastography in Diagnosis of Thyroid Carcinoma

Thyroid nodules have high prevalence in the general population. Only minorities of thyroid nodules are malignant; nevertheless, still biopsies are performed in differential diagnosis of malignant and benign thyroid nodules. Conventional ultrasound is widely used in diagnosis and characterization of thyroid nodules. There are several suspicious ultrasound features that predict thyroid cancer, such as solid consistence, marked hypoechogenicity, taller-than-wide shape, irregular or microlobulated or spiculated margins, no peripheral hypoechoic halo, and micro- or macrocalcifications. However, none of these signs have high sensitivity or specificity nor high degree of confidence for diagnosis or exclusion of thyroid carcinoma. Ultrasound elastography, recently developed, promising, noninvasive technique that evaluates tissue stiffness, has become one of the main focuses in thyroid imaging. There are two ultrasound elastography methods: strain ultrasound elastography (also known as real-time elastography or qualitative elastography) and shear wave elastography (quantitative elastography and acoustic radiation force impulse imaging). The purpose of this chapter is to present the principles of thyroid application, advantages, and limitations of both ultrasound elastography techniques

Mushroom poisoning: retrospective analysis of 294 cases

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to present special clinical and laboratory features of 294 cases of mushroom poisoning. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, 294 patients admitted to the Pediatric and Adult Emergency, Internal Medicine and ICU Departments of Cumhuriyet University Hospital were investigated. RESULTS: Of 294 patients between the ages of 3 and 72 (28.97 ± 19.32), 173 were female, 121 were male and 90 were under the age of 16 years. One hundred seventy-three patients (58.8%) had consumed the mushrooms in the early summer. The onset of mushroom toxicity symptoms was divided into early (within 6 h after ingestion) and delayed (6 h to 20 d). Two hundred eighty-eight patients (97.9%) and six (2.1%) patients had early and delayed toxicity symptoms, respectively. The onset of symptoms was within two hours for 101 patients (34.3%). The most common first-noticed symptoms were in the gastrointestinal system. The patients were discharged within one to ten days. Three patients suffering from poisoning caused by wild mushrooms died from fulminant hepatic failure. CONCLUSION: Education of the public about the consumption of mushrooms and education of health personnel working in health centers regarding early treatment and transfer to hospitals with appropriate facilities are important for decreasing the mortality

Analyzing Socio-Cultural Causes of Excessive Irrigation in Tribal Societies and Extension Needs: A Case Study of Harran Plain, Şanlıurfa

Besides, natural and technical factors effecting excessive irrigation, training activities of some governmental offices also have some influences on excessive irrigation tendencies of farmers, but they do not have a distinctive role. The main hypothesis of this research is that, in Harran Plain more than natural factors and extension activities and training, socio-cultural system affects irrigation behaviour of farmers. In other words, the main cause of excessive irrigation is socio cultural system. The main aim of this study is to analyze tribal system, to explain the excessive irriga-tion tendencies of farmers, and to develop and discuss a model which will help further studies. In this survey, 86 farmers, heads and secretaries of 12 irrigation unions, directors and agriculturalists working for 5 chamber of farmers, 26 agricultural chemical deal-ers, and 34 agricultural extension workers working at government agricultural prov-ince and county offices, in total 163 people, have been interviewed. In the survey the situation-specific approach has been used as the theoretical basis