Detection of Environmental Mutagens Through Plant Bioassays

Plants are present in almost all areas of the world and can accumulate many chemical compounds present in the soil, water, and atmosphere. As these chemicals which are potentially mutagenic or carcinogenic are absorbed by the plants sharing the same environment with us, bioassays on plants can be used to detect the presence of environmental hazards. Another reason for selecting plants for assessing adverse effects of these chemicals is the ease of experimentation with plants. Evaluating the effect of a substance on basic plant characteristics such as growth, survival, or reproduction is straightforward and repeatable. Thus, various plant species are commonly utilized as indicators of adverse environmental conditions. This chapter covers the detection of environmental mutagens through plant bioassays, considering the increasing importance of biomonitoring using plants for assessing the mutagenicity of relevant chemicals and industrial waste. From this point of view, a detailed literature search was made on the subject. The genotoxic, cytotoxic, and molecular studies have been investigated and the most useful and important parts and key points of these methods were summarized. This review would be useful for scientists who are planning to conduct research on plant bioassays with different types of methods and chemicals

1990 sonrası dönemde yaşanan finansal krizlerin Türkiye’nin makroekonomik dengeleri üzerindeki etkileri

06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan “Yükseköğretim Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun” ile 18.06.2018 tarihli “Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge” gereğince tam metin erişime açılmıştır.1990'lı yılların başında (finansal serbestleşme dönemi), uluslararası sermayenin spekülatif amaçlara yönelik olarak dünya çapında serbest dolaşım imkanını bulması ve ülkeden ülkeye hızla yer değiştirebilmesi, özellikle gelişmekte olan ülke ekonomileri açısından ciddi bir istikrarsızlık kaynağı olmaktadır. Nitekim çok sayıda gelişmekte olan ülkenin, gerekli yapısal reformları gerçekleştirmeksizin, hızlı bir biçimde uluslararası finansal piyasalara eklemlenmesi, peş peşe ağır finansal krizler yaşanmasına neden olmuştur. Bu nedenle finansal krizler, üzerinde sıklıkla durulan konulardan birisi olmuştur.Türkiye'nin finansal serbestleşme politikasına geçişini mümkün kılan 1989 Dönüşümü'nün ardından 1994, 2000 ve 2001 yıllarında maruz kaldığı krizler de bu bağlam içinde değerlendirilmektedir. Nitekim bu çalışmanın amacı da, yaşanan bu krizlerin genel bir değerlendirmesini yapmak ve son olarak ülkenin 2008 Küresel Finans Krizi'nden hangi ölçüde etkilendiğini ortaya koymaktır.Öncelikle ekonomik kriz kavramı tanımlanmıştır. Bu çerçeve içinde geliştirilmiş teorik yaklaşımlar, ekonomik kriz çeşitleri ve finansal kriz modelleri incelenmiştir. Daha sonra Türkiye Ekonomisi üzerinde derin izler bırakmış olan 1994, 2000 ve 2001 krizlerinin nedenleri, sonuçları ve kriz sonrası yaşanan gelişmeler, seçilmiş bazı temel makroekonomik göstergeler çerçevesinde analiz edilmiştir. Son olarak da bütün dünyayı etkisi altına alan 2008 Finans Krizi'nin genel bir değerlendirmesi yapılmış ve Türkiye'ye yansımaları incelenmiştir.In the early 1990s (the period of financial liberalization) the fact that international capital had the opportunity to move freely all around the world and could flow from one country to another swiftly became an important factor of instability especially for the economies of developing countries. Just as the access of a number of countries into international financial markets without carrying out required structural reforms resulted in deep financial crises one after another. On this account financial crisis has been one of the most spoken issues.After 1989 Transformation, which enabled Turkey to initiate financial liberalization policy, should be analyzed in this context. As a matter of fact the object of this study is to comment these crises generally and state how much Turkey was affected by the Global Financial Crisis in 2008.Firstly the concept of economic crisis is defined. On that score theoretical approaches, economic crisis types and financial crisis models are studied. Then the reasons, results and following process of 1994, 2000 and 2001 crises that had deep effects on Turkish Economy are analyzed based on some basic macroeconomic indicators. Finally 2008 Financial Crisis, which dominated all the world is considered generally and its reflections on Turkey is investigated

Tourism students’ entrepreneurial personality traits: An emprical research on undergraduate associate and bachelor’s students

Bu araştırmanın amacı, turizm eğitimi alan lisans ve ön lisans öğrencilerinin girişimci kişilik özelliklerinin tespit edilmesidir. Bu amaçla, Sakarya Üniversitesi ve Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi’nde turizm eğitimi alan 308 lisans ve ön lisans öğrencisi üzerinde bir alan araştırması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen veriler istatistiki metotlarla analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucu elde edilen bulgular, turizm öğrencilerinin girişimci kişilik özelliklerine önemli ölçüde sahip olduklarını göstermiştir. Ayrıca, girişimci kişilik özellikleri bakımından lisans ve ön lisans öğrencileri arasında anlamlı bir farklılık olduğu tespit edilmiştir.Aim of this study is to determine entrepreneurial personality traits of associate and bachelor’s degree tourism students. For this purpose, an empirical research was carried out on undergraduate 308 tourism students that studying at Sakarya University and Abant Dzzet Baysal University. Obtained data from the research was analyzed by statistical methods. Results of this research indicated that undergraduate tourism students dramatically have entrepreneurial personality traits. However, at the conclusion of the research it was determined that there was significant difference between associate and bachelor’s degree tourism students’ entrepreneurial personality traits

The effects of ghrelin on colonic anastomosis healing in rats

OBJECTIVES: In addition to its roles in the stimulation of growth hormone secretion and the regulation of appetite and metabolism, ghrelin exerts immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions in several organ systems. In this study, we investigated the effects of ghrelin on the healing of experimental colonic anastomoses. METHODS: Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups (n = 10 in each). A segment of colon was excised, and an end-to-end anastomosis was performed in the distal colon. The Ghrelin Group received 10 ng/kg/day IP ghrelin for seven days postoperatively, whereas the Control Group received an identical volume of saline. On the seventh postoperative day, the anastomotic bursting pressures and hydroxyproline levels were measured, and adhesion formation around the anastomoses was examined. Histopathological analyses were performed to evaluate inflammatory cell infiltration, fibroblast infiltration, collagen density and neovascularization. RESULTS: In the Ghrelin Group, the bursting pressure and hydroxyproline levels were significantly higher than in the Control Group. The adhesion formation scores were lower in the Ghrelin Group than in the Control Group. Although the inflammatory cell infiltration was diminished in the Ghrelin Group, the degrees of fibroblast infiltration, collagen density and neovascularization were not significantly different between the groups. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that ghrelin improves the healing of colonic anastomoses in rats

Türkiye ekonomisi: Kendi krizlerinden küresel finans krizine

2007 yılı ortalarında ABD’den yükselen istikrarsızlık dalgası, 2008 Kasımından itibaren, liberal kapitalist sistemin önemli bir bölümünü tesiri altına alan ağır bir finans krizine dönüşmüştür. Bir bütün olarak dünya ekonomisinde büyüme yavaşlarken enflasyon ve işsizlik artmıştır. 2000 yılı sonunda ve 2001 yılı başında peş peşe yaşadığı kendi finansal krizlerinin ardından yeni bir büyüme dalgası yakalayan Türkiye ekonomisinin, küresel finans krizini olabilecek en az hasarla atlattığı söylenebilir. Keza 2010 yılından itibaren kriz öncesi büyüme performansının yakalandığı görülmektedir. Ne var ki işsizlik sorunu ehemmiyetini korumaktadır; istihdam yaratmayan bir büyüme söz konusu olmaktadır. Diğer bir sorun, büyüme sürecinde cari işlemler açı- ğının artıyor olmasıdır

Corchorus olitorius L. (Jute) leaf and seed extracts exerted high antibacterial activity against food and plant pathogenic bacteria

Aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate antibacterial activities of methanol (MetOH), acetone (Ace), petroleum ether (PE) and aqueous (dw) leaf (L), root (R), and seed (S) extracts of Corchorus olitorius L. on both food- and plant-borne pathogens, with DPPH radical scavenging activities (DRSA), and quantitative and qualitative constituent analysis. Leaf PE has the highest strain susceptibility on both food- and plant-borne pathogens. Clavibacter michiganensis, Pseudomonas tomato, and Erwinia caratovora were susceptible to nearly all the leaf and seed extracts. Very low minimum inhibitory concentration (8-128 mL(-1)) and minimum bactericidal concentration (32-2048 mu g mL(-1)) were determined for both leaf and seed extracts against C. michiganensis. Total phenolic contents were correlated to DRSA. The phenolic compounds tested were higher in the leaf MetOH, cholorogenic acid being the most abundant one. Palmitic acid was determined in leaf PE and seed PE extracts. Results presented here demonstrate high antibacterial activity of C. olitorius leaf seed extracts against phytopathogens for the first time, and provide the most comprehensive data on the antibacterial activity screening against food-borne pathogens. Considering limitations in plant disease control, antibacterial activities of these extracts would be important in plant disease control.Baskent University Research Fund; Baskent University Institutional Review Board [DA10/17]This study was approved by Baskent University Institutional Review Board (Project no: DA10/17), and supported by Baskent University Research Fund

The TAC IR FEL oscillator facility project

Bilen, Bükem (Dogus Author) -- Full conference title: 31st International Free Electron Laser Conference (FEL 2009), 23-28 Aug 2009. Liverpool, United Kingdom.The TAC (Turkish Accelerator Center) IR FEL Oscillator facility, which has been supported by Turkish State Planning Organization (SPO) since 2006, will be based on a 15-40 MeV electron linac accompanying two different undulators with 2.5 cm and 9 cm periods in order to obtain IR FEL ranging between 2-250 microns. The electron linac will consist of two sequenced modules, each housing two 9-cell superconducting TESLA cavities for cw operation. It is planned that the TAC IR FEL facility will be completed in 2012 at Gölbasi campus of Ankara University. This facility will give an opportunity to the scientists and industry to use FEL in research and development in Turkey and our region. In this study, the results of optimization studies and present plans about construction process of the facility are presented

Predicting mortality and morbidity of geriatric femoral fractures using a modified frailty index and perioperative features: a prospective, multicentre and observational study

Introduction: Femoral fracture is associated with high geriatric mortality. Frailty is the increased vulnerability to stressors resulting from aging-associated decreases in physiological reserve. We aimed to predict 30-365-day postoperative mortality and morbidity rates using modified frailty index and perioperative characteristics in geriatric femoral fractures. Materials and Method: Using a prospective observational design, data were collected from patients >65 years undergoing femoral fracture surgery from 13 different hospitals in 2016 and 2017. Post-discharge follow-up periods were 30, 90, 180, and 365 days. Age, sex, modified frailty index and anaesthesia types used during surgery were recorded. Renal markers, troponin I and haemoglobin levels were examined preoperatively and postoperatively at 24 and 72 hours. Results: We included 392 patients in this study. The age of the patients were between 65 and 101 (mean, 79 +/- 11.9). Median modified frailty index was 5 (interquartile range, 2-7). Increase in modified frailty index increased mortality rate. Mortality rate at postoperative 30 days was 9.8%, while overall study mortality rate was 23%. Spinal anaesthesia was administered in 205 patients (52.3%, most frequent), followed by general in 110 (28.1%), peripheral nerve blocks in 21 (5.4) and spinal-epidural in 43 (11%). Anaesthesia type affected both intensive care unit (p<0.001) and total hospitalization (p<0.012) duration. A logistic regression model revealed that frailty index, preoperative creatinine and centre type were independent mortality predictors. Conclusion: Increased modified frailty index was associated with higher postoperative mortality risk, thus providing an additional way for improving risk stratification. Preoperative creatinine increase and centre types are determining factors in mortality

Final structure & design parameters of TARLA RF system

Doğan, Mehmet Sinan (Dogus Author) -- Conference full title: 5th International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC 2014; International Congress Center DresdenDresden; Germany; 15 June 2014 through 20 June 2014Turkish Accelerator and Radiation Laboratory in Ankara (TARLA) is an oscillator mode IR-FEL facility which is under construction since 2011. ELBE licensed superconducting modules housing TESLA RF cavities have been manufacturing for one year and the first module will be delivered in 2015. He Cryogenic System has also started to be manufacturing at similar time with the accelerator structures. It will be delivered in 2014. High Power RF amplifiers are started to tender procedures and delivery time is planning as 2015. The installation of high power transmission lines have to be completed at the same time with the delivery date of HPRF amplifiers to test the cavities and amplifiers. In this study, the final structural design of high power RF transmission lines and design parameters of RF amplifiers for TARLA is discussed