INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF 8-WEEK FOOTBALL TRAINING ON FINE MOTOR SKILLS AND SELECTED PHYSICAL FITNESS ELEMENTS IN 11-13 YEARS OLD CHILDREN GROUP

This study aims to investigate the effects of 8-week football training on selected physical fitness elements and fine motor skills in 11-13-year-old children. Among the children who participated in the study, the children playing football in Marmarisspor formed the experimental group (n: 30), and the children studying at Salih Zeki Gür Secondary School formed the control group (n: 30). In total, 60 volunteer children participated in the study. The experimental method is applied in this study. Football training was applied to the participating group for 8 weeks, 3 days a week, and 50-60 minutes, and no exercise was applied to the control group. Statistical analysis of the data obtained from the research was done in the SPPS (version 16.0) package program. After examining the normality distribution of pre-test and post-test values of experiment and control groups with the Shapiro-Wilk test, paired t-test was used to compare the averages. The significance level was accepted as p <0.05. As a result of the statistical analysis, among averages of pre-test and post-test values the standing height, body weight, body mass index, flexibility, handgrip strength, balance, fine motor skill, 30-meter sprint and aerobic capacity (ml/kg/min) of the experimental group, there was a significant difference at a significance level of p <0.05. When the pre-test-post-test values of the control group's height, body mass index, handgrip strength, balance, fine motor skill, 30-meter sprint and aerobic capacity (ml/kg/min) were compared, while it was observed that there was no significant difference (p> 0, 05); there was a significant difference between body weight and flexibility features (p <0.05). It has been observed that 8-week football training positively affects body weight, body mass index, flexibility, handgrip strength, balance, fine motor skill, 30-meter sprint, and aerobic capacity (ml/kg/min).  Article visualizations

Examining the impact of economy class flight satisfaction on brand loyalty in the light of falling aviation profitability after COVID-19: Case of Turkish Airlines

The aim of this study is to evaluate whether customer satisfaction for the most preferred economy class flight in airline businesses has a positive effect on brand loyalty. Turkish Airlines was chosen as the company that was discussed in the study. In the study, it was also aimed to investigate whether the perception of the effect of customer satisfaction on brand loyalty differs according to demographic characteristics. The study is also important because it provides up-to-date information about customer expectations that make the company preferable after the decline in airline profit rates after Covid-19. The first main hypothesis was created to measure whether customer satisfaction with economy class flight has a positive effect on brand loyalty. The second main hypothesis of the study was created to measure whether the perception of the effect of customer satisfaction on brand loyalty differs according to demographic characteristics. Questionnaire method was used methodologically in the collection of research data. 330 personnel responded to the questionnaire prepared according to a 5-point Likert scale. The SPSS-22 version was used in the analysis of the data, which includes the necessary complementary statistics and tests (frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Cronbach's Alpha, factor analysis, correlation analysis, regression test, t-test, analysis of variance, Post-Hoc test, etc.). In the study, it was concluded that there is a positive and significant relationship between economy class customer satisfaction and brand loyalty. In addition, it was revealed that there were statistically significant differences between the groups according to gender, job position and educational status, but there was no significant difference according to age and travel purpose

THE ALPHABET ISSUE IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA AND REFORMS PARALLEL TO TURKEY AIMING TO SIMPLIFY THE BOSNIAN WRITTEN LANGUAGE

Tanzimat’la birlikte Batılılaşma meselesi kapsamında dilin yeniden düzenlenmesi ve her kesimden insanın anlayabileceği biçimde sadeleştirilmesi, uzun bir dönem Türk entelektüellerin en mühim kültür meselelerinden birisi olmuştur. Genç Kalemler Dergisi ve bu dergi etrafında toplanan aydınlar tarafından başlatılan Yeni Lisan Hareketi kapsamında Türkçenin sadeleştirilmesi ve halka daha kolay ulaşılması düşüncesi, milliyetçi fikirlerin Osmanlı siyasi yaşamında yerini alması ile aynı dili konuşan Türk soylu halkların dil birliğine ve ortak bir alfabe kullanımına yönelik fikirlere dönüşecektir. Osmanlı Devleti’nin bir parçası olan Bosna Hersek ve Boşnaklar tarafında da Tanzimat döneminde yazı dilinin sadeleştirilmesi fikirleri tartışılmış, bu konu ile alakalı çeşitli çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Ziya Gökalp’ın halka doğru düsturuna benzer bir biçimde Bosna Hersek’te kayıt altına alınan sözlü kültür ürünleri, Boşnak yazı dilinin çerçevesini belirleme noktasında aydınlara yol göstermiştir. Boşnak aydınlar, Avusturya-Macaristan hâkimiyeti döneminde yazıya geçirilen sözlü kültür ürünleri vasıtasıyla Boşnak yazı dilinin, Boşnak halkının kullandığı şekilde sadeleştirilmesi ve Türk toplumu ile manevi birliğin korunması adına yazı dilinin ve Arap alfabesinin reforme edilmesi üzerine çalışmalar yapmışlardır. Bu makaleyi yazmaktaki amacımız Boşnakların etnik bir aidiyet unsuru olarak dilin sadeleştirilmesi meselesinde sözlü kültür ürünlerine yönelmeleri ile Türk ve Boşnak entelektüellerin gönül birliği olan coğrafyalarla manevi bağları koparmama ve Batılılaşma hedefleri doğrultusunda yapılan benzer reform çabalarını gözler önüne sermek ve yapılan çalışmalar ile bunların mahiyeti hakkında bilgi vermektir.Along with the Tanzimat, the restructuring of the language within the context of the Westernization issue and the simplification of it to make people able to understand in every way, is considered as one of the most important cultural issues of Turkish intellectuals.The idea of simplification of the Turkish language and its easier accession to the public within the scope of the New Language Movement initiated by the Genç Kalemler Magazine and those intellectuals gathered around this journal will turn into nationalist ideas in the Ottoman political life and ideas for the language unity and the use of the a common Turkish alphabet for those peoples speaking the same language. Ideas of simplification of the written language in the Tanzimat period were discussed by Bosniaks in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which was part of the Ottoman Empire, and various studies were conducted on this subject.The oral culture products, which were recorded in Bosnia and Herzegovina in a way similar to Ziya Gökalp's through the people principle, led the intellectuals to determine the framework of Bosnian language.The Bosnian intellectuals worked on the reforming of the text language and the Arabic alphabet in order to simplify the Bosnian text language used by the Bosnian people and to preserve the spiritual unity with the Turkish society through the oral culture products written during the period of Austrian-Hungarian rule.This article aims to reveal and provide information about similar reform efforts that enable Bosnians to focus on oral culture in order to simplify language as an element of ethnic belonging and not to break spiritual bond with the geographies that have moral ties in terms of Turkish and Bosniak intellectuals in line with the Westernization objectives

HISTORY OF BOSNIAK ORAL CULTURAL STUDIES

Nüfusunun büyük bir bölümünü Güney Slavlarının oluşturduğu Kuzeybatı Balkanlar, 6. yüzyılda başlayan Slav göçleri ile iki yüz yıllık bir süre zarfında Slavlaşmıştır. Bölgenin 15. yüzyılda Türkler tarafından fethedilmesi neticesinde İslam'ı kabul eden Slavlar diğer Slav gruplardan farklı olarak, Türk kültürü ve İslam inancı temelli yeni bir siyasal ve etnik oluşum içerisine girmiştir. Edebiyattan folklora, mimariden müziğe, yeni oluşumun medeniyet telakkisine Türk kültürü ve İslam medeniyeti kaynaklık etmiştir. Bölgede yaşayan Müslüman Slavların, diğer adıyla Boşnakların sözlü kültür ürünlerinin gerek yaratım gerekse icra bağlamında gelişimi bu etkinin sonucu olarak kendine has hususiyetleri ile diğer Slav gruplardan ayrı ve bağımsız bir şekilde gerçekleşmiştir. Çeşitli vesilelerle Bosna'ya yolu düşen Avrupalı ve Amerikalı birçok araştırmacı Boşnaklara ait sözlü kültür ürünlerini kayıt altına almış, bu araştırmacılardan bir kısmı da bu malzemeyi bilimsel yöntemler ışığında incelemiş ve değerlendirmiştir. Özellikle romantik milliyetçilik anlayışı ile sözlü kültür ürünlerinden tarih yazma girişimleri çerçevesinde Avrupa'da artan sözlü kültür araştırmaları kapsamında Güney Slavlarına ait sözlü kültür ürünleri de kayıt altına alınmıştır. Çalışmamız, 16. yüzyıldan itibaren Türk ve İslam etkisi ile teşekkül eden Boşnak sözlü kültürüne ait ürünler ile alakalı bilgi veren kaynaklar ve 18. yüzyıldan itibaren bu ürünlerin bir sistem dâhilinde ve belirli metotlar ışığında kayıt altına alınması ile alakalı bilgi vermektirNorthwest Balkans, whose major part of the population forwed by South Slavs, were Slavicised by the slavic migrations that had begin in 6th century in a period of two hundred years. In the wake of conquest of region in 15th century, unlike the other slavic groups, Islamic Slavs have entered a new political and ethnic formation based on Turkish culture and Islamic faith. Form Literature to folklore and from architecture to music, the source of new civilization was that Turkish culture and Islamic faith. Muslim Slavs; lived in that region in other words Bosniaks, development of verbal culture products in the context of creative and execution, came true in a peculiar way differently and independently from the other Slavic groups. Under the different purposes many European and American researches visited the region and reconded the products of oral culture and some of them examined and evaluated those materials in the lihgt of scientific methods. Oral culture products belonging to the South Slavs were also recorded in the context of European cultural conventions. This study inform the sources of Bosniaks vernacular products based on Turkish and İslamic orient and also enlighten the recording style in a systematic way and with certain method

Lieb-Schultz-Mattis type theorems for Majorana models with discrete symmetries

We prove two Lieb-Schultz-Mattis type theorems that apply to any translationally invariant and local fermionic d-dimensional lattice Hamiltonians for which fermion-number conservation is broken down to the conservation of fermion parity. We show that when the internal symmetry group Gf is realized locally (in a repeat unit cell of the lattice) by a nontrivial projective representation, then the ground state cannot be simultaneously nondegenerate, symmetric (with respect to lattice translations and Gf), and gapped. We also show that when the repeat unit cell hosts an odd number of Majorana degrees of freedom and the cardinality of the lattice is even, then the ground state cannot be simultaneously nondegenerate, gapped, and translation symmetric

Lieb-Schultz-Mattis anomalies and web of dualities induced by gauging in quantum spin chains

Lieb-Schultz-Mattis (LSM) theorems impose non-perturbative constraints on the zero-temperature phase diagrams of quantum lattice Hamiltonians (always assumed to be local in this paper). LSM theorems have recently been interpreted as the lattice counterparts to mixed 't Hooft anomalies in quantum field theories that arise from a combination of crystalline and global internal symmetry groups. Accordingly, LSM theorems have been reinterpreted as LSM anomalies. In this work, we provide a systematic diagnostic for LSM anomalies in one spatial dimension. We show that gauging subgroups of the global internal symmetry group of a quantum lattice model obeying an LSM anomaly delivers a dual quantum lattice Hamiltonian such that its internal and crystalline symmetries mix non-trivially through a group extension. This mixing of crystalline and internal symmetries after gauging is a direct consequence of the LSM anomaly, i.e., it can be used as a diagnostic of an LSM anomaly. We exemplify this procedure for a quantum spin-1/2 chain obeying an LSM anomaly resulting from combining a global internal $\mathbb{Z}^{\,}_{2}\times\mathbb{Z}^{\,}_{2}$ symmetry with translation or reflection symmetry. We establish a triality of models by gauging a $\mathbb{Z}^{\,}_{2}\subset\mathbb{Z}^{\,}_{2}\times\mathbb{Z}^{\,}_{2}$ symmetry in two ways, one of which amounts to performing a Kramers-Wannier duality, while the other implements a Jordan-Wigner duality. We discuss the mapping of the phase diagram of the quantum spin-1/2 $XYZ$ chains under such a triality. We show that the deconfined quantum critical transitions between Neel and dimer orders are mapped to either topological or conventional Landau-Ginzburg transitions.Comment: 84 pages, 6 figure

Lornoxicam use to reduce the pain associated with propofol injection

Aim: To investigate the efficacy of lornoxicam in the prevention of the pain associated with propofol injection.Material and method: Approval for this study was granted by the ethics committee of our hospital. Using a computer randomisation software, 120 patients undergoing elective surgery were assigned to four equal groups. In Group I (control group), immediately before anaesthesia induction, 10 ml of isotonic 0.9% NaCl solution (placebo) was administered intravenously (IV). In Groups II, III and IV, the same injection contained 2 mg, 4 mg and 8 mg of lornoxicam respectively. A tourniquet was then applied to the forearm for two minutes. Pain evaluation was made using a verbal pain score.Results: Differences in pain severity scores were statistically significant between Groups I and II, Groups I and III, Groups I and IV and between Groups II and III (p < 0.05). However, no significant difference was determined between Groups III and IV (p = 0.401).Conclusion: In all groups administered with lornoxicam, there was a significant reduction in the severity of pain associated with propofol injection, in comparison with the control group. Maximum effect is obtained with a dose of 4 mg

Symmetry fractionalization, mixed-anomalies and dualities in quantum spin models with generalized symmetries

We investigate the gauging of higher-form finite Abelian symmetries and their sub-groups in quantum spin models in spatial dimensions $d=2$ and 3. Doing so, we naturally uncover gauged models with dual higher-group symmetries and potential mixed 't Hooft anomalies. We demonstrate that the mixed anomalies manifest as the symmetry fractionalization of higher-form symmetries participating in the mixed anomaly. Gauging is realized as an isomorphism or duality between the bond algebras that generate the space of quantum spin models with the dual generalized symmetry structures. We explore the mapping of gapped phases under such gauging related dualities for 0-form and 1-form symmetries in spatial dimension $d=2$ and 3. In $d=2$, these include several non-trivial dualities between short-range entangled gapped phases with 0-form symmetries and 0-form symmetry enriched Higgs and (twisted) deconfined phases of the gauged theory with possible symmetry fractionalizations. Such dualities also imply strong constraints on several unconventional, i.e., deconfined or topological transitions. In $d=3$, among others, we find, dualities between topological orders via gauging of 1-form symmetries. Hamiltonians self-dual under gauging of 1-form symmetries host emergent non-invertible symmetries, realizing higher-categorical generalizations of the Tambara-Yamagami fusion category.Comment: 90 pages, 19 figure