Clinical Conditions and History of Illness Among Terminal Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is one of the public health problems in Indonesia. This study aimed to determine the clinical condition of premorbid and the incidence of ESRD. The study design is a case-control. The number of volunteers involved in this study was 100 patients. The cases were ESRD patients who were determined by the criteria of Pernefri and the controls were patients from the same hospital who were not ESRD by the requirements of ESRD Pernefri. Inclusion criteria of the study sample were ESRD sufferers need routine hemodialysis and doctor\u27s diagnosis supported by laboratory data, 15-75 years old and willing to fill out inform consent. Exclusion criteria for the study sample were patients with congenital kidney disease, Have a history of kidney transplants, and mental disorder. We collected demographic data, and patient\u27s clinical and drug history from medical records. Chi-square analysis with 2x2 tables and the Fisher\u27s exact test were used to determine the relationship of clinical conditions and history of disease with the incidence of ESRD. The results showed that anemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertriglyceridemia were related to the prevalence of ESRD. History of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and family history of ESRD are associated with an increased incidence of ESRD

The Effect of Physical Activity on Lymphocyte Count in Smokers Who Consume Black Cumin Seed (Nigella Sativa L.) Oil

Twenty percent of the total number of human leukocytes is lymphocytes. Lymphocytes are responsible for the control of the adaptive immune system. Physical activity is any body movement that requires energy to do it. Physical activity is related to changes in a person's immunity so that it can reduce the risks of diseases such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes, cancer, and stroke. Black Cumin Seed Oil (BCSO) in various studies has been widely used as a supplement, especially as an immune-modulator. The purpose of this study is to see the effect of physical activity on lymphocyte levels in smokers who have been given Black Cumin Seed Oil for 30 days. This study used a single-blind Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) method, with a total of 36 test subjects divided into four groups. Group 1 received placebo 3x1 capsules/day, group 2 received BCSO 3x1 capsules/day, group 3 received BCSO 3x2 capsules/day, and group 4 received BCSO 3x3 capsules/day. The intervention was carried out for 30 days, then on the 31st-day blood was drawn for analysis. Data analysis using an independent t-test to see the average group with high and low activity, while to see the average lymphocyte between treatment groups using one way ANOVA test. The test results were said to be significant if p <0.05. The p-value of the independent t-test is 0.045, and one way ANOVA test p-value is 0.343. In conclusion, physical activity can increase lymphocyte levels significantly, but not on BCSO administration

Gambaran medication error pada fase prescribing dan administrasi pada pengobatan stroke di IGD Rumah Sakit X di Yogyakarta

Stroke merupakan keadaan gawat darurat yang memerlukan penanganan dengan cepat dan tepat di IGD, namun kenyataannya sering dilaporkan kejadian medication error (ME) di IGD. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan gambaran kejadian ME di IGD rumah sakit X.Telah dilakukan penelitian observasional deskriptif dengan pengambilan data pasien secara prospektif pada bulan Desember 2014 – April 2015 di IGD Rumah Sakit X di Yogyakarta. Didapatkan sebanyak 106 pasien dengan kriteria inklusi subjek adalah pasien dengan diagnosis stroke non hemoragik maupun stroke hemoragik, baik dengan penyakit penyerta maupun tanpa penyakit penyerta. Data yang diperoleh di kaji terhadap kemungkinan terjadinya ME pada fase prescribing dan administrasi (cara pemberian) berdasarkan Persatuan Dokter Spesialis Syaraf Indonesia (PERDOSSI). Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan analisa monovariat untuk mengetahui gambaran karakteristik umum pasien (gambaran demografi), karakteristik klinik pasien serta gambaran kejadian, distribusi dan fase ME. Data gambaran kejadian, distribusi dan fase ME disajikan secara deskriptif (persentase). Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah pasien yang berusia lebih dari 60 tahun sebanyak 67 (63,20%). Sebanyak 85,80% pasien didiagnosis stroke non hemoragik dan sisanya sebanyak 14,20% didiagnosis stroke hemoragik. ME terjadi pada 104 pasien (98,10%). Distribusi kejadian ME pada fase prescribing dan administrasi per pasien adalah 28 pasien mengalami satu kejadian ME, 48 pasien mengalami dua kejadian ME, Sebanyak 20 pasien yang mengalami tiga kejadian ME, 8 pasien mengalami empat kejadian ME. Total kejadian medication error yang terjadi sebanyak 216 dari 106 pasien dengan nilai rata-rata 2 kejadian error per pasien. Medication error di fase prescribing sebanyak 98,11% dan medication error di fase administrasi sebanyak 61,32%

Black Cumin Seed Oilas Hepatoprotector in Decreasing SGPT and SGOT Activity and Increasing P53 Gene Expression in Sprague Dawley Rats Induced by Alloxan

The objective of this research was to determine the effect of BCSO on SGPT/SGOT levels and p53 expression in rats induced by alloxan. This study applied a post test only control group design. A total of 42 SD rats were divided into 6 groups. Group I was normal rats. Group II (negative control) was given alloxan. Group III and IV (treatment groups) were given BCSO with equivalent doses of 6.8 mg/kg and 68 mg/kg thymoquinone, respectively (BCSO 6.8 and BCSO68 groups). Group V (positive control) was given vitamin C. Group VI (control media) were given DMSO. BCSO and Vitamin C are given for 1 week. Alloxan was given on 7th day, i.p. On the 8th day did blood sampling for measurement of SGPT and SGOT levels. Liver retrieval was performed on the 9th day continued immunohistochemistry staining. The average levels of SGPT/SGOT were then analyzed with ANOVA test. p53 expression was analyzed by Kolmogorov Semirnov and Levene then followed by Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney. Statistical tests performed on 95% confidence level. The results showed that the induction of alloxan increased levels of SGPT/SGOT. BCSO68 reduced SGPT /SGOT levels in alloxan-induced rats (p < 0.05). Both BCSO 6.8 and BCSO68 increased the expression of p53 in liver tissue of alloxan – induced rats. Average percentage of p53 expression in group I to group VI were 11.12 ± 0.37; 19.24 ± 4.47; 30.31 ± 1.59; 40.43 ± 1.74; 29.67 ± 0.47; 12.02 ± 1.01, respectively. The result of statistical analysis showed the value of p < 0.05 in all groups except in group III. It can be concluded that BCSO may have hepatoprotective effect and increase the expression of p53 in the liver of alloxan-induced rats

EFEK HIPOGLIKEMIK EKSTRAK ETANOL UMBI KETELA RAMBAT (Ipomoea batatas P) (EEUKR) PADA MENCIT SWISS YANG DIINDUKSI ALOKSAN

Umbi ketela rambat banyak mengandung beta karoten, polifenol dan flavonoid. Aloksan terbukti merusak sel pankreas melalui mekanisme stress oksidatif. Senyawa betakaroten, polifenol dan flavonoid umbi ketela rambat diduga bersifat antioksidatif dan sitoprotektif sehingga menghambat kerusakan sel akibat paparan aloksan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian (Ipomoea batatas P) (EEUKR) terhadap kadar glukosa darah dan gambaran histopatologi pankreas pada mencit Swiss diinduksi aloksan. Digunakan 15 hewan uji mencit Swiss dengan rata-rata berat badan 20-30 gram. Hewan uji dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok, dimana masing-masing kelompok terdiri dari 3 ekor mencit. Kelompok I (kontrol negatif), diberi akuades. Kelompok II, III, IV dan V adalah kelompok perlakuan yang diberi EEUKR dengan dosis 2,5, 7,5, 22,5 dan 67,5 mg/KgBB/hari peroral selama 10 hari, 7 hari sebelum diinduksi dan 3 hari setelah diinduksi aloksan. Induksi aloksan dilakukan pada hari ke-7 secara intraperitoneal dengan dosis 120 mg/Kg BB. Dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar glukosa darah pada hari ke-4 dan hari ke-10 perlakuan. Pada hari ke-10 hewan uji dikorbankan. Pankreas diisolasi dan dilakukan pemeriksaan histopatologis. Dilakukan analisis varian untuk mengetahui kemaknaan perbedaan rata-rata kadar glukosa darah sewaktu antar kelompok dengan uji anova dan dilanjutkan dengan uji LSD pada taraf kepercayaan 95%. Data histopatologi pankreas dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa EEUKR dosis 22,5 dan 67,5 mg/KgBB/hari yang mempunyai efek sebagai agen hipoglikemia pada mencit Swiss. Kadar glukosa darah mencit Swiss sebelum diinduksi aloksan pada kelompok perlakuan dengan dosis 67,5 mg/kgBB EEUKR lebih rendah dari pada kadar glukosa darah kelompok aqua dan bermakna secara statistik (p<0,05). Kadar glukosa darah mencit Swiss yang telah diinduksi aloksan pada kelompok perlakuan dosis 22,5 dan 67,5 mg/kgBB EEUKR lebih rendah dari pada kadar glukosa darah kelompok normal dan bermakna secara statistik (p<0.05). Secara histopatologis persentase gambaran nekrosis pankreas mencit Swiss yang diinduksi aloksan pada kelompok perlakuan dosis 22,5 dan 67,5 mg/kgBB lebih rendah dari pada persentase nekrosis kelompok akua. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa EEUKR dosis 22,5 dan 67,5 mg/KgBB terbukti bersifat hipoglikemik pada mencit Swiss baik sebelum maupun setelah diinduksi aloksan. EEUKR juga terbukti menurunkan kejadian nekrosis pada pankreas mencit Swiss yang diinduksi aloksan. Kata kunci: ekstrak etanol umbi ketela rambat (EEUKR), efek hipoglikemik, induksi aloksan, diabetes mellitus

Health Education Improve Behavior and Self-efficacy on Personal Hygiene Among Children with Intellectual Disability

Personal hygiene is one of the basic human needs and must be kept clean, including scalp and hair, eyes, nose, ears, nails of hands and feet, skin and overall body care. Health education on personal hygiene is still concern not only for healthy children but also for children with disabilities. One of the ways is with audiovisual methods. This study aimed to analyze the effect of health education on personal hygiene with audiovisual methods. The study design used was pre-experiment without a control group. The number of samples was 30 using total sampling technique. Knowledge of personal hygiene before health education (pre-test) was mostly insufficient category, after being given health education (post-test) mainly was in proper group. The pre-test attitude was in low category, and the post-test was still the same. Pre-test and post-test of behavior were mostly being practiced. Pre-test and post-test of self-efficacy were in low category. There was an influence of health education on personal hygiene with audiovisual methods on the level of knowledge in intellectually disabled children (p&lt;0.05), but there was no effect on attitudes, behaviors, and self-efficacy in intellectually disabled children

Brief Counseling and Mobile Phone Short Message Service (SMS) Increase Patient Compliance

Abstract—Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that is irreversible and progressive. One of the factors that plays a role in the success of COPD disease control is compliance in taking the drug. This research aimed to know the effect of SMS and brief counseling on compliance level in COPD outpatient at Pulmonary special Hospital in Bantul Yogyakarta. The research was conducted between the December 2014 and January 2015. This research used experimental study with pre and post controlled group design. There were 33 patients for each group. The intervention group received SMS and brief counseling, while the control group received standard care. The level of compliance data was collected based on interviews using Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS) questionnaire. The results showed that from 66 patients, 49 patients (72.2%) had a high level of compliance, 12 patients (18.2%) a moderate compliance and 5 patients (7.6%) a low compliance. MMAS analysis results showed that there was significant difference p = 0.000 ( 0.05). SMS and brief counseling in patients with COPD effectively enhanced the patient's compliance

Validation of Diabetes Mellitus Patient Behavior Questionnaire in Primary Health Care Service

This study aimed to develop and validation a questionnaire as measurement instrument for knowledge and adherence behavior of DM patients in primary health care. Cross sectional study design was conducted in diabetes mellitus patient. Inclusion criteria were patients in the age group 18-65 years, diagnosed with DM, receiving at least one oral antidiabetic medication. Questionnaire questions for behavioral item were developed based on Diabetes Mellitus management guidelines and references to previous studies. Evaluation and validation by expert was carried out on diabetes mellitus experts and clinical psychologists. The pilot study was conducted on 10 healthy patients and 10 patients with diabetes who enrolled inclusion criteria. Questionnaire validation test was conducted with 41 DM outpatient at PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital in Yogyakarta. Collecting data by interviewing patients based on questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS with Pearson correlation coefficients for validation test and Cronbach alpha coefficients for reliability test of the questionnaire. Adherence behavior questionnaire consists of 12 question items, which are divided into three domains: cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains. Validation results showed 12 valid items where the pearson correlation value was&gt;0.308 (n=41). Cronbach alpha as reliability test results showed 0.78. This result showed a questionnaire were valid and reliable in Diabetes Mellitus patients. This instrument would be use in primary health care for measuring adherence behavior of DM patients