Self-Esteem Challenges of Nursing Students: An Integrative Review

Introduction: Self-esteem among nursing students is important in providing high-quality serviceto clients, yet each study in this field has described only a portion of existing relevant knowledge.Integrative review studies are the best practice for identification of existing nursing knowledge.The purpose of this study was to determine self-esteem challenges among nursing students. Methods: An integrative review was conducted in this study. The databases ProQuest, Medlineon PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar and Iran Medix were used for the review. The articleswere retrieved in three steps, including searching by search terms, reviewing the proceedingsbased on inclusion criteria and final retrieval and assessment of the available full texts. We used alist of keywords, including nursing, self-esteem and challenges and mixed them with "AND" and"OR" as a search strategy. Papers were included and eligible if they were associated with problemsrelated to nursing students’ self-esteem. Those studies that focused only on the self-esteem ofregistered nurses or patients were excluded. Search results were limited to the years 1960-2014. Results: Our findings showed three major challenges, including challenges associated withinconsistency in determining the level of students’ self-esteem, self-esteem associated challengesin professionalism of students, and the psychosocial challenges pertaining to the consequences oflow self-esteem. Conclusion: The findings suggest there is a need for more qualitative research to explore thefactors that contribute to self-esteem in nursing students with a particular focus on the factorsthat increase or decrease self-esteem. In addition, strategies to maintain and increase self-esteemneed to be designed, implemented and evaluated

Acoustical and Thermal Characterization of Insulating Materials Made from Wool and Sugarcane Bagasse

Utilizing agricultural waste and natural fibers minimizes environmental impact and can improve the acoustic and thermal conditions of buildings. Natural fibers can be an alternative to non-biodegradable synthetic sound-absorbing materials. This study aimed to investigate the acoustic and thermal properties of insulating materials made from wool and sugarcane bagasse. Thermal conductivity, thermal resistance, acoustic and moisture absorption, and fire properties of five insulating materials made from sheep wool, goat fiber, camel wool as well as pith and fiber bundles of sugarcane bagasse were determined. The measurement of the sound absorption coefficient was performed in an impedance tube. The thermal resistance and thermal conductivity coefficient were measured according to the ASTM D5334–08 Standard. The findings show that camel wool has the highest sound-absorbing performance, thermal insulation, and fire-resistant properties. The lowest value of the noise reduction coefficient (NRC) was 0.52 for goat fiber, and the highest was 0.74 for camel wool. The maximum sound absorption coefficient of camel wool was 0.95 at a frequency above 1000 Hz. Thermal conductivity varies between 0.038–0.046W/(M.K). Hence, all materials tested can be considered thermally insulating. The results showed insulating materials made from wool, especially camel wool, had better performance than fiber and pith of sugarcane bagasse

تعیین نقاط حادثه‌خیز تصادفات موتورسیکلت با استفاده از سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی در شهرستان‌های گناباد و بجستان، شرق ایران

Background and Aim: Recent studies have shown that motorcycle accidents are the most deadly Road Traffic Accidents. Detection of accident hot spots plays an important role in preventing these incidents. Therefore, this study has been done with the aim of detecting the accident hot-spots of motorcycle accidents in Gonabad and Bajestan counties. Methods: The present study is a retrospective cross-sectional study. The research tool was a standard questionnaire designed by the ministry of health and medical education in Iran. Data and spatial characteristics of motorcycle accidents were extracted from these questionnaires. To perform spatial analysis, the layer of motorcycle accidents in Gonabad and Bajestan counties was drawn by ArcGIS version 10 software. Results: In Gonabad and Bajestan counties in 2019, 732 motorcycle accidents were registered in Gonabad and Bajestan counties. 58% (N=430) of accidents occurred in the central part of Gonabad city. The highest density of accident hotspots in Gonabad city in the area of Imam Khomeini Square, Nasser Khosro Street, and Saadi Street at the intersection with Pasdaran Boulevard, Taleghani Boulevard, Jomee Bazar, and Shohada Street. Also, the highest number of accidents in Bajestan in Motahhari Boulevard, Shariati Boulevard, and Azadi Square are registered. Conclusion: The highest density of hot spots of motorcycle accidents has been recorded in the central part of Gonabad. Therefore, it seems necessary to take preventive measures by investigating the root causes of accidents in identified areas. In addition, the spatial analysis of the obtained maps can be useful in locating pre-hospital emergency bases and police stations. Please cite this article as: Jafari M, Tabrizi A, Esmaeilzadeh MH, Zamani A. Determining of Accidental Points of Motorcycle Accidents Using Geographic Information System (GIS) in Gonabad and Bajestan Counties, North-East Iran. Irtiqa Imini Pishgiri Masdumiyat. 2022;10(3):262-8.سابقه و هدف: مطالعات اخیر نشان داده‌اند تصادفات موتورسیکلت کشنده‌ترین تصادفات ترافیکی جاده‌ای هستند. تعیین نقاط این تصادفات نقش مهمی در پیشگیری از این حوادث دارد. لذا این مطالعه باهدف تعیین نقاط حادثه‌خیز تصادفات موتورسیکلت در شهرستان‌های گناباد و بجستان انجام شد. روش کار: مطالعه حاضر از نوع توصیفی –  مقطعی و گذشته‌نگر است. ابزار مطالعه پرسشنامه استاندارد طراحی‌شده توسط وزارت بهداشت و آموزش پزشکی ایران بود. داده‌ها و مشخصات مکانی تصادفات موتورسیکلت  از این فرم استخراج گردید. برای انجام آنالیز فضایی لایه نقاط وقوع حوادث موتورسیکلت در شهرستان‌های گناباد و بجستان به‌وسیله نرم‌افزار ArcGIS 10 ترسیم گردید. یافته‌ها: درمجموع در شهرستان‌های گناباد و بجستان در سال 2019، تعداد  732 مورد تصادف موتورسیکلت در شهرستان‌های گناباد و بجستان ثبت‌شده بود. 58 درصد (430 مورد) تصادفات در بخش مرکزی شهر گناباد رخ‌داده بود. بیشترین تراکم نقاط حادثه‌خیز در شهر گناباد در محدوده میدان امام خمینی، خیابان ناصرخسرو، خیابان سعدی در محل تقاطع با بلوار پاسداران، بلوار طالقانی، جمعه‌بازار و خیابان شهدا بود. همچنین بیشترین تعداد تصادفات در شهربجستان در محدوده بلوار مطهری، بلوار شریعتی و میدان آزادی ثبت‌شده است. نتیجه‌گیری: بیشترین تراکم نقاط حادثه‌خیز در بخش مرکزی شهر گناباد ثبت‌شده است. لذا اتخاذ اقدامات پیشگیرانه با بررسی علل ریشه‌ای وقوع تصادفات در مناطق شناسایی‌شده ضروری به نظر می‌رسد. علاوه بر این آنالیز فضایی نقشه‌های به‌دست‌آمده می‌تواند در مکان‌یابی پایگاه‌های اورژانس پیش بیمارستانی و ایستگاه‌های پلیس مفید باشد. به این مقاله، به صورت زیر استناد کنید: Jafari M, Tabrizi A, Esmaeilzadeh MH, Zamani A. Determining of Accidental Points of Motorcycle Accidents Using Geographic Information System (GIS) in Gonabad and Bajestan Counties, North-East Iran. Irtiqa Imini Pishgiri Masdumiyat. 2022;10(3):262-8

Evaluation of the adsorption capacity of nano-graphene and nano-graphene oxide for xylene removal from air and their comparison with the standard adsorbent of activated carbon to introduce the optimized one

Introduction: Volatile organic compounds from industrial activities are one of the most important pollutants released into the air and have adverse effects on human and environment. Therefore, they should be removed before releasing into atmosphere. The aim of the study was to evaluate xylene removal from air by nano-grapheme and nano-graphene oxide in comparison with activated carbon adsorbent. Material and Method:  After preparing adsorbents of activated carbon, nano-graphene, and nano-graphene oxide, experiments adsorption capacity in static mode (Batch) were carried out in a glass vial. Some variables including contact time, the amount of adsorbent, the concentration of xylene, and the temperature were studied. Langmuir absorption isotherms were used in order to study the adsorption capacity of xylene on adsorbents. Moreover, sample analysis was done by gas chromatography with Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID). Results: The adsorption capacities of activated carbon, nano-graphene oxide and nano-graphene for removal of xylene were obtained 349.8, 14.5, and 490 mg/g, respectively. The results of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) for nano-graphene and nano-graphene oxide showed particle size of less than 100 nm. While, the results of Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) showed particle size of 45nm for nano-graphene and 65 nm for nano-graphene oxide. Also, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) showed cube structure of nano-adsorbents. Conclusion: In constant humidity, increase in exposure time and temperature caused an increase in the adsorption capacity. The results revealed greater adsorption capacity of xylene removal for nano-graphene compared to the activated carbon, and nano-graphene oxide

Maternity and child health care services delivered by public health centers compared to health cooperatives: Iran's experience

Reform programs in some developing countries are focused in transferring these services to nongovernmental organizations or groups. In this WHO grant study our aim was to implement and evaluate the efficacy of a new model for transferring state service delivery governance to nongovernmental groups and studying if they can be efficient in field of child and maternity health services compared to public health centers. In this comparative study a total of 1000 households were selected systematically from the population covered by 9 health centers transferred to cooperatives and 18 current public health centers. Data were collected during a three months long study period and analyzed by SPSS 10 statistical package. Chi-Square and t-tests were used to analyze data. Overall health care coverage was higher for either cooperative or public health centers compared to private sector physicians (p = 0.005). Around 88.8% of under 6 years aged children were under coverage of health services provided by health centers in both groups and no difference was found. There was no statistically significant difference in quality of child health care services in declaring the date of health care visit and follow up in due time. There was no difference between the groups in perfect filling child growth cards but the ability of mothers in interpreting child growth cards was statistically higher for the population covered by cooperative health centers (p = 0.02). Growth status of children based on growth percentiles were relatively similar in two groups. Some health indices of target groups covered by public and cooperative health centers such as family planning, child health cares, perinatal cares, and the numbers of households covered by health volunteers were studied. The results showed that in all of these fields cooperative health centers had better rates. Observed differences were statistically significant (family planning: p = 0.03, infant health care: p = 0.03, 1-6 years old children cares: p = 0.009). The proportion of those women owning a vaccination record (card) was higher in population covered by cooperative health centers (p = 0.004). The rate for performing a cervical smear examination during the national program for cervical cancer screening was higher for the women covered by cooperative health centers (p = 0.01). No difference was found between the knowledge level of women covered by cooperative health centers about the importance of cervical examination when compared with public health centers. We conclude that in the field of target group children's health care and maternity health services, cooperatives sector not only acts as well as public sector meeting the standards of the program, but also has got a better function in some areas. This can be assumed as an achievement for the policy of transferring the health services to cooperative health centers along with ongoing governmental supervision

Iran's Experience of Health Cooperatives as a Public-Private Partnership Model in Primary Health Care: A Comparative Study in East Azerbaijan

Background: Iran started a new public-private partnership model in form of health coopera-tives which is somehow different from other types of health cooperatives throughout the world. In this study we compared the performance and quality of health services in public health cen-ters (PHCs) and cooperative health centers (CHCs).Methods: In this comparative study performance quality of two cohorts of public and coopera-tive health centers were compared in several health service delivery programs over the time pe-riod of 2001- 2002.Results: Screening program: the rate of visited population during screening program was higher in CHCs. Maternal health care program: In some of studied programs CHCs had better results. Child health care: Most indicators were better or similar in CHCs. School health program and Health education: All indices were better or similar in CHCs. Environmental health: population based positive function was not significantly different for the population covered by CHCs compared to population covered by PHCs. Management: Client and staff satisfaction as well as participation and attitudes of personnel towards management was better in CHCs. Mean annual cost per capita of the covered population by PHCs was higher.Conclusion: CHCs as a public private partnership model in Iran may deliver preventive health care services as effective as PHCs in many fields and even better in some areas

Nursing students' understanding of the concept of self-esteem:a Qualitative Study

Introduction: The concept of self-esteem has several definitions in different paradigms. Nursing has a unique and combined paradigm; therefore it is necessary to explore nursing students’ understanding of the concept of self-esteem. The present study aimed to discover the extent and characteristics of the concept of self-esteem from the perspective of Iranian nursing students through a qualitative approach. Methods: This study was conducted using the conventional content analysis method with the participation of 14 nursing students. Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants and data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews and analyzed simultaneously. Results: Study findings showed that the nursing students’ self-esteem is related to the sense of worthy they perceived as being a nursing student. Nursing students’ self-esteem was determined through sense of worthy related to their perceived professionalism level, socialization into the profession, and enthusing of them about being a nursing student. Conclusion: If a nursing student was proud of her or his nursing role, then he or she would enjoy the nursing course and all that entailed; such as communication with colleagues, performing the tasks and, generally her or his career