Mass transfer efficiency of a tall and low plate free area liquid pulsed sieve-plate extraction column

Acknowledgements The authors would like to acknowledge Chakwal group of industries for funding the project. Ms. Madiha, Ms. Zona, Mr. Sohaib, Mr. Abdullah, Mr. Mudassar, and Mr. Salahuddin also deserve our acknowledgements for their assistance in different ways.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

High sensitivity and multifunctional micro-Hall sensors fabricated using InAlSb/InAsSb/InAlSb heterostructures

Further diversification of Hall sensor technology requires development of materials with high electron mobility and an ultrathin conducting layer very close to the material's surface. Here, we describe the magnetoresistive properties of micro-Hall devices fabricated using InAlSb/InAsSb/InAlSb heterostructures where electrical conduction was confined to a 30 nm-InAsSb two-dimensional electron gas layer. The 300 K electron mobility and sheet carrier concentration were 36 500 cm(2) V-1 s(-1) and 2.5 x 10(11) cm(-2), respectively. The maximum current-related sensitivity was 2 750 V A(-1) T-1, which was about an order of magnitude greater than AlGaAs/InGaAs pseudomorphic heterostructures devices. Photolithography was used to fabricate 1 mu m x 1 mu m Hall probes, which were installed into a scanning Hall probe microscope and used to image the surface of a hard disk

Particulate suspension slip flow induced by peristaltic waves in a rectangular duct: Effect of lateral walls

AbstractThis paper looks at the influence of lateral walls on peristaltic transport of a particle fluid suspension model applied in a non-uniform rectangular duct with slip boundaries. The peristaltic waves propagate on the horizontal sidewalls of a rectangular duct. The flow analysis has been developed for low Reynolds number and long wavelength approximation. Exact solutions have been established for the axial velocity and stream function. The effects of aspect the ratio β (ratio of height to width) and the volume fraction density of the particles C on the pumping characteristics are discussed in detail. The expressions for the pressure rise and friction forces on the wall of a rectangular duct were computed numerically and were plotted with variation of the flow rate for different values of the parameters. It is observed that in the peristaltic pumping (Δp>0,Q>0) and retrograde pumping (Δp>0,Q<0) regions the pumping rate increases with an increase in M, while in the copumping region (Δp<0,Q>0) the behavior is quite opposite. Furthermore it is also observed that the pressure rise increases in the upper half of the channel and decreases in the lower half of the channel with the increase in lslip parameter

Indigenous communities of Peru: Level of accessibility to health facilities

"Objectives: This study aimed to geospatially model the level of geographic accessibility to health facilities among Amazonian Indigenous communities in a region of Peru. Methods: Spatial modeling of the physical accessibility of the Indigenous communities to the nearest health facility was performed through cost-distance analysis. The study area was Loreto, the region with the largest territorial area and number of Indigenous communities in Peru. The time required to reach a health facility was determined by cumulatively adding the time needed to cross the grids on the lowest cost route from the Indigenous communities’ locations to the nearest health facility, by considering Amazonian geographical conditions and the main types of transport used. Results: The median time to reach a health facility was 0.96 h (interquartile range: 0.45e2.41). Of the total communities (n ¼ 1043), only 479 (45.93%) communities were within 1 h from the nearest health facility, and 161 (15.44%) were more than 8 h away. The Indigenous communities more than 8 h away from a health estab- lishment were located in the border areas of the depart- ment of Loreto. Conclusion: One in two Indigenous communities is more than 1 h from the nearest health facility.

Directly Printable Organic ASK Based Chipless RFID Tag for IoT Applications

A chipless RFID tag with unique ASK encoding technique is presented in this paper. The coding efficiency is enhanced regarding tag capacity. The amplitude variations of the backscattered RFID signal is used for encoding data instead of OOK Strips of different widths are used to have amplitude variations. The ASK technique is applied using three different substrates of Kapton (R) HN, PET, and paper. To incorporate ASK technique, dual polarized rhombic shaped resonators are designed. These tags operate in the frequency range of 3.1-10.6 GHz with size of 70 x 42 mm(2). The presented tags are flexible and offer easy printability. The paper-based decomposable organic tag appears as an ultra low-cost solution for wide scale tracking. This feature enables them to secure a prominent position in the emerging fields of IoT and green electronics

Spiritual polarisation on social media: the case of Arab atheists on Twitter

Social media platforms provide an unprecedented method of communication, and they are considered an integral part of people's lifestyles. Also, these platforms facilitate forming communities, groups and networks. Hence, it attracted researchers to study people's interactions and analyse the enormous human-generated data. In this thesis, I focus on studying the online Arab communities as a case study of online communities to understand online spiritual-based groups and the polarisation among them. This work combines multi-disciplinary approaches of natural language processing, information retrieval, data science and social and technological networks to understand better the online social behaviour of Arabs with different religious beliefs. I explore the discussion among Arab Twitter users from religious and atheistic groups. I identify four types of Twitter users based on how they describe themselves: Atheistic, Theistic, Tanweeri (reformers), and Rationalists. This study shows that Arabs from different religious spectrums get involved in online discussions on local and regional topics. I collected two datasets from Twitter for users who discussed religions and atheism, in which I considered about 434 accounts in the first dataset and 2,673 accounts in the second one. The analysis shows that, whatever their attitude towards religions, Arab Twitter users tend to use their accounts to promote their beliefs and to show their stances towards others. I showed that the data that was generated by these four groups illustrate the rich socio-cultural context in which discussions among believers, non-believers and religious reformers unfold. I showed that there is a clear online polarisation between atheists and theists, while Rationalist and Tanweeri accounts are spread among and between the two polarised groups. Arab atheists are separated into two groups in terms of engagement based on the accounts they prefer to interact-with. I found that Arab atheists and theists mention and reply-to users from any religious groups and vice versa, but they tend to retweet and follow accounts from their own group. The findings of this thesis provide insights for researchers to understand the case study of Arab online communities and the religious and non-religious online polarisation. Also, it shows the implications for the studies of spiritual discourse on social media and provides a better cross-cultural understanding of relevant aspects

Planck 2018 results VIII. Gravitational lensing

We present measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) lensing potential using the final Planck 2018 temperature and polarization data. Using polarization maps filtered to account for the noise anisotropy, we increase the significance of the detection of lensing in the polarization maps from 5σ to 9σ. Combined with temperature, lensing is detected at 40σ. We present an extensive set of tests of the robustness of the lensing-potential power spectrum, and construct a minimum-variance estimator likelihood over lensing multipoles 8 ≤ L ≤ 400 (extending the range to lower L compared to 2015), which we use to constrain cosmological parameters. We find good consistency between lensing constraints and the results from the Planck CMB power spectra within the ΛCDM model. Combined with baryon density and other weak priors, the lensing analysis alone constrains σ8Ωm0.25 = 0.589 ± 0.020 (1σ errors)

Planck 2018 results. XI. Polarized dust foregrounds

The study of polarized dust emission has become entwined with the analysis of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization in the quest for the curl-like B-mode polarization from primordial gravitational waves and the low-multipole E-mode polarization associated with the reionization of the Universe. We used the new Planck PR3 maps to characterize Galactic dust emission at high latitudes as a foreground to the CMB polarization and use end-to-end simulations to compute uncertainties and assess the statistical significance of our measurements. We present Planck EE, BB, and TE power spectra of dust polarization at 353 GHz for a set of six nested high-Galactic-latitude sky regions covering from 24 to 71% of the sky