Pollination of Brassica campestris (Cruciferae) by Andrena savignyi (Andrenidae: Hymenoptera): Female vs. Male Pollination

Female and male solitary bees usually differ in their behavioral and morphological attributes and consequently in their pollination effectiveness. The current study was carried out at the research farm of The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan, to compare the foraging behavior and pollination efficiency of female and male Andrena savignyi Spinola, 1838 on Brassica campestris. The impact of different environmental factors (temperature, relative humidity, light intensity and wind speed) on foraging behavior was also studied. Andrena savignyi was the most abundant floral visitor of B. campestris and comprised 52.17% of the floral visitors. Female individuals fed on both nectar and pollen while male fed on nectar. Visitation frequency, visitation rate, pollen harvest and pollen deposition of females were significantly higher than that of males because of their larger size and more dry weight. The maximum abundance of females was recorded at 12:00 pm followed by a sharp decline until 4:00 pm whereas males attained their maximum abundance at 2:00 pm. The female pollinated flowers resulted in greater pod weight, pod length, number of seeds per pod, seed weight per pod and germination percentage than the males. Our results suggest that females of A. savignyi deliver better pollination of B. campestris than males in terms of its reproductivesuccess and germination percentage. Future studies should emphasis on exploring the biology and ecology of A. savignyi with special focus of its artificial nesting

Comparative Analysis Of Cloud Computing Security Issues

Almost all the organizations are seriously thinking to adopt the cloud computingservices, seeing its benefits in terms of cost, accessibility, availability, flexibility andhighly automated process of updation. Cloud Computing enhance the current capabilitiesdynamically without further investment. Cloud Computing is a band of resources, applicationsand services. In cloud computing customer’s access IT related services in terms of infrastructure platform and software without getting knowledge of underlying technologies. With the executionof cloud computing, organizations have strong concerns about the security of their data.Organizations are hesitating to take initiatives in the deployment of their businesses due to data security problem. This paper gives an overview of cloud computing and analysis of security issues in cloud computing

Evaluation of results of minimally invasive plating osteosynthesis (MIPO) technique in the treatment of fractures of distal tibia

Background: The limited soft tissue, subcutaneous location of large portion of tibia and precarious blood supply renders the treatment of distal tibial fracture very challenging. The main treatment of this type of fracture is reinstatement of the normal alignment and articular congruity. Conventional osteosynthesis is not suitable because distal tibia is subcutaneous bone with poor vascularity. Closed Reduction and MIPO with locking compression plate (LCP) has emerged as an alternative treatment option because it respects biology of distal tibia, maintains fracture haematoma and provides biomechanically stable construct, early mobilization, less complications and relatively higher rates of union.The aim of this study was to evaluate the functional and clinical outcomes of distal tibia fracture of patients, treated by internal fixation by minimally invasive plating osteosynthesis (MIPO) technique with locking compression plate (LCP).Methods: Sixty patients with distal tibia fracture with or without intra articular extension were treated in our department, Katihar Medical College and Hospital, Katihar with MIPO with LCP and were prospectively followed for average duration of 16 months (6-24 months).Results: There were 60 patients in the study including 48 males and 12 female of mean age 43 years. The mean follow up period of our patients varied ranging from 6 months to 24 months (average– 16 months). All fractures united at an average of 16 weeks (range- 12 to 20 weeks) except two cases of delayed union(>20 weeks) in patients with Gustilo – Anderson type III A fracture. There were five superficial wound infections which were treated with oral antibiotics and progressed to union and there were no failures of implants. There were two cases of delayed union and malalignment. Conclusions: Minimally invasive plating osteosynthesis (MIPO) is an effective method of treatment for distal tibial fractures. The use of indirect reduction techniques and small incision is technically demanding as it is effective, minimally invasive, optimises the operation time, promotes early healing and reduces the incidence of infections

Current mode fractional order filters using VDTAs with Grounded capacitors

In this work, the design of current mode Fractional order filter using VDTAs (Voltage differencing trans-conductance amplifier) as an active element with grounded capacitors has been proposed. The approximate transfer functions of low and high pass filters of fractional order on the basis of the integer order transfer has been shown and the form of those functions of filters is also implemented using VDTA as an active building block. In this work, filters of the different sequence have been realized. The frequency domain simulation results of the proposed filters are obtained on Matlab and PSPICE with TSMC CMOS 180 nm technology parameters. Stability and sensitivity is also verifie

Low Leakage and Robust Sub-threshold SRAM Cell using Memristor

This work aims to improve the total power dissipation, leakage currents and stability without disturbing the logic state of SRAM cell with concept called sub-threshold operation. Though, sub-threshold SRAM proves to be advantageous but fails with basic 6T SRAM cell during readability and writability. In this paper we have investigated a non-volatile 6T2M (6 Transistors & 2 Memristors) sub-threshold SRAM cell working at lower supply voltage of VDD=0.3V, where Memristor is used to store the information even at power failures and restores previous data with successful read and write operation overcomes the challenge faced. This paper also proposes a new configuration of non-volatile 6T2M (6 Transistors & 2 Memristors) sub-threshold SRAM cell resulting in improved behaviour in terms of power, stability and leakage current where read and write power has improved by 40% and 90% respectively when compared to 6T2M (conventional) SRAM cell. The proposed 6T2M SRAM cell offers good stability of RSNM=65mV and WSNM=93mV which is much improved at low voltage when compared to conventional basic 6T SRAM cell, and improved leakage current of 4.92nA is achieved as compared

Low Leakage and Robust Sub-threshold SRAM Cell using Memristor

This work aims to improve the total power dissipation, leakage currents and stability without disturbing the logic state of SRAM cell with concept called sub-threshold operation. Though, sub-threshold SRAM proves to be advantageous but fails with basic 6T SRAM cell during readability and writability. In this paper we have investigated a non-volatile 6T2M (6 Transistors & 2 Memristors) sub-threshold SRAM cell working at lower supply voltage of VDD=0.3V, where Memristor is used to store the information even at power failures and restores previous data with successful read and write operation overcomes the challenge faced. This paper also proposes a new configuration of non-volatile 6T2M (6 Transistors & 2 Memristors) sub-threshold SRAM cell resulting in improved behaviour in terms of power, stability and leakage current where read and write power has improved by 40% and 90% respectively when compared to 6T2M (conventional) SRAM cell. The proposed 6T2M SRAM cell offers good stability of RSNM=65mV and WSNM=93mV which is much improved at low voltage when compared to conventional basic 6T SRAM cell, and improved leakage current of 4.92nA is achieved as compared

STUDIES ON THE SYNTHESIS OF SOME NEW 1,2,4- TRIAZOLES DERIVATIVES AND EVALUATION FOR THEIR ANTI-FUNGAL ACTIVITY PROFILES

The synthesis of new heterocyclic compounds has always drawn the attention of medicinal chemist over the years mainly because they possess diverse biological properties. The literature survey on 1,2,4-triazoles revealed that they are endowed with wide variety of biological activities .During the present investigation a series of new 1,2,4-triazole derivatives N-(3-(2-(3- hydrazinyl-3-oxoalkanoyl)hydrazinyl)-5-(phenoxymethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)isonicotinamide(6a- 6e)were synthesized by reacting withN-(5-mercapto-3-(phenoxymethyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4- yl)isonicotinamide (5) and aliphatic dicarboxylic acid hydrazides (a-e). The structures of the newly All the compounds synthesised 6a to 6e were evaluated for antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Aspergillus Niger was carried out and MIC values were determined synthesized compounds were estblished by FT-IR, 1H-NMR and MASS spectral analysis. The compound 6a (n=0) was found to be the most potent antifungal agent. Keywords: 1,2,4-triazole derivatives, antifungal, Candida albicans, Aspergillus Nige

Autonomous Underwater Robotic System for Aquaculture Applications

Aquaculture is a thriving food-producing sector producing over half of the global fish consumption. However, these aquafarms pose significant challenges such as biofouling, vegetation, and holes within their net pens and have a profound effect on the efficiency and sustainability of fish production. Currently, divers and/or remotely operated vehicles are deployed for inspecting and maintaining aquafarms; this approach is expensive and requires highly skilled human operators. This work aims to develop a robotic-based automatic net defect detection system for aquaculture net pens oriented to on- ROV processing and real-time detection of different aqua-net defects such as biofouling, vegetation, net holes, and plastic. The proposed system integrates both deep learning-based methods for aqua-net defect detection and feedback control law for the vehicle movement around the aqua-net to obtain a clear sequence of net images and inspect the status of the net via performing the inspection tasks. This work contributes to the area of aquaculture inspection, marine robotics, and deep learning aiming to reduce cost, improve quality, and ease of operation.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2308.1382

Design and analysis of SOI and SELBOX junctionless FinFET at sub-15 nm technology node

969-975The structural and operational characteristics of a silicon on insulator (SOI) junctionless (JL) FinFET have been compared with the selective buried oxide (SELBOX) JL FinFET for 15 nm gate length and beyond using simulation studies. Simulations have been performed using silvaco TCAD (Atlas 3-D Module). SELBOX JL FinFET device has shown ~10 times improvement in ION/IOFF ratio with respect to the SOI JL FinFET. The SELBOX based device has subthreshold slope (SS) value of 69.08 mV/Dec whereas this is 84.1 mV/Dec for SOI based device. SELBOX JL FinFET has DIBL value of 31.57 mV/V whereas this is 119 mV/V for SOI JL FinFET. The comparison results, discussed, are for the channel length (gate length) of 15 nm. Furthermore, short-channel characteristics for the n-channel and p-channel SELBOX JL FinFET have been discussed. For channel length of 5 nm (which is a future technology node for mass production of semiconductor devices and systems), SELBOX device has shown favourable value of ION/IOFF ratio as 106 and SS as 96.86 mV/Dec. SELBOX JL FinFET has shown more immunity towards self-heating effect compared to the SOI JL FinFET. Performance of the SELBOX JL FinFET can be enhanced further independently by tuning various parameters such as the buried oxide thickness, the gap between buried oxide layers, substrate doping, and substrate bias