Properties of Bipolar Fuzzy Hypergraphs

In this article, we apply the concept of bipolar fuzzy sets to hypergraphs and investigate some properties of bipolar fuzzy hypergraphs. We introduce the notion of $A-$ tempered bipolar fuzzy hypergraphs and present some of their properties. We also present application examples of bipolar fuzzy hypergraphs

Direct NN-body simulations of globular clusters - II. Palomar 4

We use direct $N$-body calculations to study the evolution of the unusually extended outer halo globular cluster Palomar 4 (Pal~4) over its entire lifetime in order to reproduce its observed mass, half-light radius, velocity dispersion and mass function slope at different radii. We find that models evolving on circular orbits, and starting from a non-mass segregated, canonical initial mass function (IMF) can reproduce neither Pal 4's overall mass function slope nor the observed amount of mass segregation. Including either primordial mass segregation or initially flattened IMFs does not reproduce the observed amount of mass segregation and mass function flattening simultaneously. Unresolved binaries cannot reconcile this discrepancy either. We find that only models with both a flattened IMF and primordial segregation are able to fit the observations. The initial (i.e. after gas expulsion) mass and half-mass radius of Pal~4 in this case are about 57000 M${\odot}$ and 10 pc, respectively. This configuration is more extended than most globular clusters we observe, showing that the conditions under which Pal~4 formed must have been significantly different from that of the majority of globular clusters. We discuss possible scenarios for such an unusual configuration of Pal~4 in its early years.Comment: 14 pages, 12 figures, 1 tabl

Current mode fractional order band pass and band reject filter using VDTAs

In this proposed work, current mode fractional order band pass and band reject filters using voltage differencing trans-conductance amplifier (VDTAs) as an active building block have been proposed. The approximated transfer function of the band stop and band pass filters on the basis of the integer order transfer function has been shown and the similar form of the approximate transfer function has been implemented for the band stop and band pass filters by using VDTAs as an active building block. In this work, fractional order band stop and band pass filters of the different orders have been realized. The operation of the design has been tested using simulation results on PSPICE with TSMC CMOS 180 nm technology parameters

AN EFFICIENT AND COST-EFFECTIVE MATHEMATICAL MODEL TO ANALYZE BIG DATA

An efficient and cost-effective piecewise mathematical model is presented to represent a descriptive huge data mathematically. The techniques of function lines as decision boundaries are applied to incorporate the big data of the organization into slope intercept form. Which may be very helpful for a better understanding of discrete data to obtain sustainable and accurate results. Based on the boundaries limitation results of the collected data of the Federal Board of Revenue, the income tax against the income is studied. And finally the reliability of piecewise function to optimize the role of strategic management in any organization is investigated. The results showed that, the slope rate measured in the boundaries of income in percentage or increased slope rate is in good agreement with that predicted by the organization in descriptive form

Realization of resistorless floating inductor using modified CDTA

This paper briefly introduces a modified current differencing trans-conductance amplifier (M-CDTA) and its application in the simple realization of floating inductors. The proposed inductor is positive floating and lossless type offering the advantage of wider frequency bandwidth. The resulting equivalent inductance has been realized using one M-CDTA and one grounded capacitor and its inductance value can be adjusted electronically by proper tuning of the bias current. Results demonstrating the behavior of the circuit and its application confirming the theoretical analysis are verified through PSPICE simulations

Gradual efficiency improvement through a sequence of targets

The goal in efficiency analysis is not only to evaluate a decision-making unit (DMU) performance, but also to find an efficient target which provides information on inputs reduction and outputs increment values that are necessary to remove inefficiencies for each inefficient DMU. In data envelopment analysis (DEA), the target unit is located on the efficient frontier and possibly far from the unit under assessment. Therefore, in practice performance improvement seems to be disappointing or even impossible to achieve in only one step for some inefficient DMUs. In this regard, finding intermediate targets is of great importance in benchmarking literature. In this article, we find a sequence of targets instead of a single target for each inefficient unit. In our method, the intermediate target at each step has three properties: (I) the intermediate targets and the unit under evaluation are all similar in size; (II) efficiency scores are ascending through the sequence of targets; (III) the target unit at each step is close to the special part of the efficient frontier as much as possible. These properties lead to finding a target that is more achievable in real applications

OPEN CIRCUIT HEAT EXCHANGER DYNAMICS DURING FLOW REDUCTION TRANSIENT IN THEIR SECONDARY LOOPS

An experimental and theoretical analysis was conducted for simulation of open circuit cross flow heat exchanger dynamics during flow reduction transient in their secondary loops. Finite difference mathematical model was prepared to cover the heat transfer mechanism between the hot water in the primary circuit and the cold water in the secondary circuit during transient course. This model takes under consideration the effect of water heat up in the secondary circuit due to step reduction of its flow on the physical and thermal properties linked to the parameters that are used for calculation of heat transfer coefficients on both sides of their tubes. Computer program was prepared for calculation purposes which cover all the variables that affect such type of transient mechanisms. The effect of the power density in the primary circuit and the water flow reduction percentage on the average temperature build up of the water in the primary circuit was investigated. The elapsed time required for the primary circuit average temperature to reach a steady state value was also calculated. These calculations were supported with experimental measurements conducted on a standard cross flow heat exchanger apparatus. The experimental results were compared with the theoretical results for certain power density value at different flow reduction percentages which show a reliable agreement. This relative agreement was necessary to consider the mathematical model with certain assurance for calculating transient parameters for higher power densities that are out of apparatus ranges. The results proved that water average temperature build up in the primary circuit has sharp tendency when the percentage of flow reduction in the secondary circuit reach 25% of its nominal values

From Cavity Electromechanics to Cavity Optomechanics

We present an overview of experimental work to embed high-Q mesoscopic mechanical oscillators in microwave and optical cavities. Based upon recent progress, the prospect for a broad field of "cavity quantum mechanics" is very real. These systems introduce mesoscopic mechanical oscillators as a new quantum resource and also inherently couple their motion to photons throughout the electromagnetic spectrum.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, ICAP proceedings submissio