Comparison of the Efficacy of Eleven Soil Termiticides on the Formosan Subterranean Termite (Coptotermes formosanus)

Using the tunneling test, the standard test method recommended by the JWPA ( JWPS-TS-S), the minimum effective concentrations of 11 chemicals, known as major soil termiticides in Japan, were determined. Addition of the emulsifying agent, Tween 80, to the low water solubility chemicals among the termiticides yielded a 2- to 8-fold increase in their termiticidal efficacies. In contrast, addition of Tween 80 to the high water solubility chemicals produced no such enhancement of their termiticidal efficacies. In the confined test, in the case of the repellent-type chemicals of the 11 chemicals, all the test termites (10 workers and 2 soldiers) became intoxicated or paralyzed and moribund within one hour of exposure to the minimum concentration fulfilling the criteria of the JWPA standard test method. In the case of non-repellent type chemicals, all the workers became moribund within 2 hours of exposure to the minimum concentrations fulfilling the criteria of the standard test method; in contrast, it took 4 – 24 hours before the soldier termites became moribund

Effect of Norharmane in vitro on Juvenile Hormone Epoxide Hydrolase Activity in the Lower Termite, Reticulitermes speratus

The aromatic β-carboline norharmane was determined in workers, nymphs, and ergatoids of Reticulitermes speratus (Kolbe) (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Norharmane levels in workers, nymphs, and ergatoids collected in May (∼4.3 ng/termite) were higher than those in November (∼0.2 ng/termite). Fluorescence of norharmane was observed in histological sections in whole animals and in the fat body. Norharmane, at a final concentration of 1 mM, stimulated juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase (JHEH) activity of enzyme extract from ergatoids, but inhibited JHEH activity at higher concentrations. The elevated JHEH activity stimulated by norharmane should accelerate juvenile hormone metabolism in R. speratus

The Hyper Suprime-Cam SSP survey: Overview and survey design

Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) is a wide-field imaging camera on the prime focus of the 8.2-m Subaru telescope on the summit of Mauna Kea in Hawaii. A team of scientists from Japan, Taiwan, and Princeton University is using HSC to carry out a 300-night multi-band imaging survey of the high-latitude sky. The survey includes three layers: the Wide layer will cover 1400 deg2 in five broad bands (grizy), with a 5 σ point-source depth of r ≈ 26. The Deep layer covers a total of 26 deg2 in four fields, going roughly a magnitude fainter, while the UltraDeep layer goes almost a magnitude fainter still in two pointings of HSC (a total of 3.5 deg2). Here we describe the instrument, the science goals of the survey, and the survey strategy and data processing. This paper serves as an introduction to a special issue of the Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, which includes a large number of technical and scientific papers describing results from the early phases of this survey

Isomerization and Autoxidation of Resin Acids

この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました。Levopimaric acid (I), palustric acid (II), neoabietic acid (III), and abietic acid (IV) isomerized in chloroform, and rapidly approached to an equilibrium state under nitrogen atmosphere in the dark (92% abietic acid (IV), 5% palustric acid (II), 3% neoabietic acid (III), but the resin acids dissolved in a-pinene or octyl alcohol did not isomerize in the absence of air. Abietic acid (IV) gave dehydroabietic acid (V) and some complex oxidation products when kept in chloroform in the presence of air. The resin acids as well as apinene used as solvent were oxidized in the dark, but not oxidized in octyl alcohol even in the presence of air oxygen. Homoannular dienes, such as palustric acid (II) and levopimaric acid (I), yielded dehydroabietic acid (V) on oxidation, but heteroannular dienes, such as abietic acid (IV) and neoabietic acid (III), yielded only oxygen adducts, but not dehydroabietic acid (V). Levopimaric acid (I) was presumed to be the precursor in the biosynthesis of palustric acid (II), neoabietic acid (III), abietic acid (IV) and dehydroabietic acid (V)

Photochemical Dimerization of Resin Acids

この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました。Ultraviolet irradiation of levopimaric acid with a sensitizer gave dimer (II), 8, 12-bridged valence tautomer (III) and dehydroabietic acid (VI). The yield of the dimer (III) increased with increasing amount of the sensitizer. Ultraviolet irradiation of abietic acid (IV) either with or without the sensitizer gave dimer (V), although the reaction with the sensitizer was more rapid. The dimer (II) of levopimaric acid was thermally stable and had a high melting point (above 300℃), while the dimer (V) of abietic acid was thermally unstable and regenerated abietic acid when heated at 70℃