Magnitude of Severe Head Injury and Its Associated Factors among Head Injury Patients in Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia: A Two-Year Retrospective Study

BACKGROUND: Severe head injury is a major public health threat that is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in all age groups of the world’s populations including Ethiopia. In view of this, this study was assessed the severity of head injury and its contributing factors.METHODS: A Two-year retrospective study was conducted at Dilla University Referral Hospital, from December 2014 to November 2016. All head injury patients admitted to the surgical ward were included. Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with severity of head injury.RESULTS: A total of 106 eligible head injury patient charts were reviewed. The magnitude of severe head injury was 32.1%. Young populations, mainly males, were the highest risk groups, and road traffic accident was the main cause of severe head injury. In adjusted analysis, age interval greater than 45 years (aOR, 5.41; 95% CI:1.05- 29.09), alcohol consumption before the trauma (aOR, 4.16, 95%CI: 1.18, 14.61), delayed presentation (beyond 24 hours) after injury (aOR, 4.717; 95% CI: 1.02-21.81), and respiratory rate greater than 30 breaths per minute (aOR, 7.34; 95% CI: 1.88-28.73) were significantly associated with severe head injury.CONCLUSIONS: Severe head injury remains an important public health problem. Young adults were the highest risk groups of populations. Prevention of road traffic accidents, continuous awareness creation about the consequences of road traffic accident and close neurological monitoring offered by neuro-intensive care unit are recommended.KEYWORDS: Head Injury, Glasgow Coma Scale, Severe Head Injur

Adolescent-Parent Communication on Sexual and Reproductive Health issues in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Adolescent-parent sexual communication is an effective strategy to make healthy decisions, delay and protect from risky behavior. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize and estimate the level of adolescent- parent communication on sexual and reproductive health issues in Ethiopia.METHODS: Cross-sectional studies were systematically searched using databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library and gray literature. Information was extracted using a standardized form of JBI. Data were analyzed using the ‘meta’ packages of the Stata software (version 11.0). I-squared statistic was applied to check the heterogeneity of studies. Funnel plot and Egger's test were used to check for publication bias. P-value <0.05 on the Egger test was considered indicative of statistically significant publication bias.RESULTS: A total of 359 articles were identified, of which 19 were eligible for meta-analysis. Adolescent-parent communications on SRH issues were significantly reported within the range of 25.3% to 36.9% and more preferred to discuss with their friends. The overall pooled level of adolescent parent communication was 40.70 (95%CI: 34.26-47.15). Adolescents who lived in urban areas, having good knowledge of SRH issues, adolescents who agreed on the importance of discussion and adolescents who ever had sexual intercourse were more likely to discuss SRH issues with their parents.CONCLUSION: The overall pooled level of adolescent-parent communication was 40.70%, and also adolescent-parent communications were dominantly reported with the ranges of 25.3% to 36.9%. Being urban dweller, being knowledgeable, and being agreed on the importance of discussion were significantly associated with adolescent-parent communication. Cultural taboo, shame and lack of communication skills were reasons that hindered communication between parents and adolescents. Therefore, program implementers should work to increase adolescent-parent communication

6,6′-Dihydr­oxy-2,2′-[(pentane-1,5-diyl­dioxy)bis­(nitrilo­methyl­idyne)]diphenol

The mol­ecule of the title compound, C19H22N2O6, assumes a W-shaped configuration with the dihedral angle between the two halves of the mol­ecule being 82.48 (5)°. There is one half-mol­ecule in the asymmetric unit with a crystallographic twofold rotation axis passing through the central C atom of the five methylene groups in the [—CH=N—O—(CH2)5—O—N=CH—] bridge. The dihedral angle formed by the two benzene rings in each mol­ecule of the title compound is 84.18 (4)°. There are strong intra­molecular O—H⋯N and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and weak inter­molecular π–π stacking inter­actions between neighbouring benzene rings, and the inter­molecular plane-to-plane distances are 3.488 (2) and 3.841 (3) Å along the b and c axes, respectively. In the crystal structure, inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link each mol­ecule to two others, forming an infinite three-dimensional supra­molecular structure

Married women’s empowerment and associated factors on achievement of their ideal number of children in Dilla Zuria woreda, Gedeo zone, Southern-Ethiopia: a community based cross sectional study

Background: Women’s empowerment in health care decision has been recognized as an important dimension to their access to reproductive health service and for better maternal and child health outcomes. However, the effect of women’s empowerment on achievement of their ideal number of children remains relatively unexplored in the context of Ethiopia. Hence, this current study aimed to explore the impact of women empowerment on their ability to achieve their ideal number of children among married women.Methods: Community based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1 to February 1, 2015 among married women aged 15-49 years in Dilla Zuraia Woreda, Gedeo Zone. Systematic sampling technique was used to select a total of 592 study participants. Pre-tested structured questionnaires were used for gathering data. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed using SPSS version 20.0 statistical package.Results: This study demonstrates that 82.8% of women achieved their ideal number of children that they need to have in their whole life. About (69.4%) of married women had empowerment to achieves their ideal number of children. Women’s empowerment as measured by household decision making and attitude towards gender role were positively associated with women’s ideal number of children. The finding that empowerment as measured by household decision-making and gender role attitudes was less influential in predicting achievement of ideal fertility than husband‘s desires of children. Our study also suggests education was associated with a smaller ideal number of children.Conclusions: Our study documents showed low empowerment, but strong association between women empowerment and achievement of their ideal number of children. The findings suggest different targeting strategies to improve women’s status, as well as men’s awareness and involvement in sexual issues via women’s empowerment

Response speed control of helicity inversion based on a “regulatory enzyme”-like strategy

In biological systems, there are many signal transduction cascades in which a chemical signal is transferred as a series of chemical events. Such successive reaction systems are advantageous because the efficiency of the functions can be finely controlled by regulatory enzymes at an earlier stage. However, most of artificial responsive molecules developed so far rely on single-step conversion, whose response speeds have been difficult to be controlled by external stimuli. In this context, developing artificial conversion systems that have a regulation step similar to the regulatory enzymes has been anticipated. Here we report a novel artificial two-step structural conversion system in which the response speed can be controlled based on a regulatory enzyme-like strategy. In this system, addition of fluoride ion caused desilylation of the siloxycarboxylate ion attached to a helical complex, resulting in the subsequent helicity inversion. The response speeds of the helicity inversion depended on the reactivity of the siloxycarboxylate ions; when a less-reactive siloxycarboxylate ion was used, the helicity inversion rate was governed by the desilylation rate. This is the first artificial responsive molecule in which the overall response speed can be controlled at the regulation step separated from the function step

6,6′-Dihydr­oxy-2,2′-[(propane-1,3-diyl­dioxy)bis­(nitrilo­methyl­idyne)]diphenol

The mol­ecule of the title compound, C17H18N2O6, adopts a V-shaped conformation, the dihedral angle between the two halves of the mol­ecule being 81.31 (4) °. There is one half-mol­ecule in the asymmetric unit, with a crystallographic twofold rotation axis passing through the central C atom. There are strong intra­molecular O—H⋯N and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds involving the hydr­oxy group and adjacent O and N atoms. In the crystal structure, inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules, forming an infinite three-dimensional supra­molecular structure

Coordination Programming: Science of Molecular Superstructures for Chemical Devices

金沢大学理工学域物質科学系本研究では、新規なハイブリッド型金属錯体ナノチューブの構成要素となり得る円筒型化合物とその関連化合物の構築を目指した研究を行った。構成要素としてペンタセンキノンを用いた系では、クラウンエーテルとアルカリ金属イオンとの錯形成を利用した大環状自己集合錯体の構築を行った。ペンタセンキノンに二つの15-クラウン-5部位を導入した分子を合成し、これとカリウムイオン、ルビジウムイオン、セシウムイオンを錯形成させたところ、大環状の2:2型錯体が定量的に生成した。すなわち、扁平なチューブの構成要素となる大環状構造を簡単な手法で効率的に得ることに成功した。さらに、チューブの三つ又分岐部に相当する構造の構成要素となり得るカゴ型メタロホスト分子の合成を行い、その特異なゲスト認識能を明らかにした。研究課題/領域番号:24108707, 研究期間(年度):2012-04-01 – 2014-03-3

コクリツ ミンゾクガク ハクブツカン カンシュウ シブサワ ケイゾウ ボツゴ 50ネン ヤネウラベヤ ノ ハクブツカン Attic museum

書

25-Allyloxy-5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butyl-26,27,28-trihydroxycalix[4]arene chloroform disolvate

In the title solvated calixarene, C(47)H(60)O(4) x 2 CHCl(3), the host chalice displays an almost undistorted cone conformation, stabilized by three strong O-H...O hydrogen bonds at the calixarene's lower rim. One chloroform solvent molecule is fixed in the calixarene cavity by C-H...pi interactions, while the second is accommodated in a clathrate-like mode in elliptical packing voids. These voids are spanned by six host molecules connected via C-H...pi contacts and van der Waals interactions. Within the crystal structure, one tert-butyl group of the calixarene host is disordered over two orientations, with occupancies of 0.884 (4) and 0.116 (4). Furthermore, both solvent molecules show disorder, with occupancies of 0.857 (2) and 0.143 (2) for the cavitate-type, and 0.9359 (17) and 0.0641 (17) for the clathrate-type chloroform solvent molecules

1,1′-[(Hexane-1,6-diyldi­oxy)bis­(nitrilo­methyl­idyne)]dinaphthalene

The title compound, C28H28N2O2, was synthesized by condensation of 1-naphthaldehyde with 1,6-bis­(amino­oxy)hexane in ethanol. The mol­ecule is disposed about a crystallographic centre of symmetry. In the crystal structure, mol­ecules are linked through strong inter­molecular π–π stacking inter­actions [interplana distance = 2.986 (2) Å], forming a three-dimensional network