Olivenoelproduktion in der Tuerkei: Struktur und Exportpotential

Available from Bibliothek des Instituts fuer Weltwirtschaft, ZBW, Duesternbrook Weg 120, D-24105 Kiel A 197613 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

Effects on the economic performance of farmers of the risks encountered in the production of organic cotton, and risk management strategies: A Turkish case study

WOS: 000286331800007This study has importance in terms of determination of risks and risk management strategies that affect the economic performance of farmers who produce organic cotton. With this aim, Turkey, a major organic cotton producer, was investigated as a case study. In the study, the most important sources of risk affecting economic performance of farmers were determined as variability in yield, high production costs and low price premiums. These were followed by the difficulties in production, climate conditions, and institutional uncertainty. Management of production, marketing and capital, conformity to regulations, sharing of information, and crop variety are the strategies developed for management of these risk sources, respectively. The strategies developed by the farmers towards risk sources will not be enough alone. The strategies developed by the farmers must be supported both by the government and NGOs

Profitability and Efficiency in the Cotton Ginning Industry: A Case Study from the Aegean Region of Turkey.

WOS: 000297843000008In order to make a more concrete evaluation of the cotton ginning sector, it is necessary to determine the structural characteristics of the factories, costs and profitability, the level of technical efficiency, and the potential for improvement in the industry. It is felt that this study enables such an evaluation by setting out the costs, profitability and efficiency of the cotton ginning industry in Turkey and other major cotton-producing countries. The results obtained from the study show that unit production costs of ginning factories are high and that they have low operating profits. In particular, it was found that ginning factories do not operate efficiently with regard to the labour force employed and the amount of capital invested. At the same time, some suggestions have been made for the improvement of ginning factories. In this regard, attention was drawn to measures to increase the capacity of ginning factories and to raise the level of technology used, and ways of getting government supports, and to the topic of education.USDA gin labs; National Cotton Ginners Association (NCGA); Valco; AshleyEducation is also important to economic and technical efficiency in the ginning industry in Turkey. In this regard, continuing education on new ginning technology and improved practices is contemplated for managers (ginnery owners) and workers in the cotton ginning industry. The Cotton Ginner Schools in the USA are a good example of this. These schools have been in place since 1986, with over 8000 students attending during that time period and the ginner schools continue to thrive with yearly enrollments of over 300 students. The schools are supported by the USDA gin labs, National Cotton Ginners Association (NCGA), land-grant universities, industry experts, and regional ginner associations (Valco and Ashley, 2007). It would seem to be beneficial for an important cotton-producing country like Turkey to have schools such as these

The Effect of Clay Mineral Content on the Dynamic Response of Reconstituted Fine Grained Soil

Fine grained soils with considerable amount of silt may exhibit sand-like or clay-like behavior depending on several factors such as the amount of fines and clay content, as well as the consistency limits, other variables being kept unchanged. This unpredictable behavior makes silts highly problematic, especially under seismic conditions. This paper describes the laboratory behavior of low plasticity Adapazari silt, known to be highly sensitive to cyclic loading. In the first phase of the basic study reported herein, Adapazari silt was mixed with different percentages of bentonite and kaolin and the behavior of these reconstituted mixtures was investigated in cyclic triaxial and dynamic simple shear tests. The purpose was to identify basic index properties and their threshold values to delineate sand- and clay-like behavior. Such a distinction may make it possible to complement field penetration resistance with appropriate adjustment factors to evaluate the pore pressure development potential, thus the risk of ground failure during an earthquake. The results show that there is a range of liquid limit and plasticity index values above which cyclic failure is significantly mitigated. It can now be stated that silts of intermediate and high plasticity may be deemed of relatively low potential for ground failure during seismic loading

An integrated thermopile structure with high responsivity using any standard CMOS process

This paper reports a new thermopile structure using n-poly/p(+)-active layers that are available in any CMOS technology. The thermopile structures are obtained by post-etching of the fabricated and bonded chips. P+-active layers are placed in n-well regions, which are protected from etching by electrochemical etch-stop technique in a TMAH solution. The characterization results show that Seebeck coefficients of the n-poly and p(+)-active layers are -335 mu V/K and 450 mu V/K, respectively. Tests show that a cantilever type thermopile with 21 thermocouples will result in responsivity and detectivity of 43 V/W and 1.06 x 10(7) (cm.root Hz)/W, respectively, when n-well is present and 617 V/W and 1.5x10(8) (cm.root Hz)/W, respectively, when n-well is removed

BRAF V600E Mutation: A Significant Biomarker for Prediction of Disease Relapse in Pediatric Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disease presenting with usually a localized disease but sometimes a widespread aggressive disorder especially in children. Among the somatic mutations in RAF-MEK-ERK pathway, especially BRAF mutation has been detected so far in LCH. We aimed in this study to investigate the prognostic significance of the mutations of target genes playing a role in the RAF-MEK-ERK pathway in pediatric LCH. Mutation analyses were performed on tumor DNA extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens of 38 pediatric LCH cases using a direct sequencing technique for BRAF, ARAF, MAP2K1, and MAP3K1 genes. The mutational status was correlated statistically with survival, clinical progression (disease relapse), and the established clinical prognostic parameters of LCH such as age, gender, localization, multisystem disease, central nervous system risk lesions, and risk organ or special-site involvement. BRAF V600E mutation was detected in 14 cases (36.8%), whereas ARAF mutation was found in only 1 case. No mutations were identified for MAP2K1 and MAP3K1 genes. The association of BRAF V600E mutation was significant in children with multisystem disease, younger age (<2 years), skin, and special organ involvement. BRAF V600E mutation was an independent predictive parameter for disease relapse. We therefore conclude that BRAF V600E mutation may be a significant marker for predicting disease progression in LCH and a candidate for targeted therapy for children with disease relapse and multisystem disease