Pressure and convective heat-transfer measure- ments in a shock tunnel using several test gases

Pressure and convective heat-transfer measurements on hemisphere-cylinder, blunted 30 degree cone, in shock tunnel using several test gase

The impact of supply chain-related factors on the environmental performance of manufacturing firms in Turkey

This paper investigates the impact of supply chain-related factors on the adoption of proactive environmental strategies, and the impact of such strategies on environmental investments and environmental performance. Data were collected from 96 Turkish manufacturers using an online questionnaire. The model was tested with PLS, a structural equation modelling method. The results show that a proactive environmental strategy leads to higher environmental investments which in turn lead to higher environmental performance. The results also show that two supply chain-related factors, organizational commitment and collaboration with suppliers, positively impact proactivity, whereas customer pressure does not have any significant direct impact on proactivity but it does positively impact environmental investments

Kepatogenan Satelit Rna Yang Berasosiasi Dengan Cucumber Mosaic Virus (Cmv-satrna) Pada Tanaman Cabai

Pathogenicity of RNA satellite associated with cucumber mosaic virus (CMV-satRNA) on hot pepper plant. The objective of this experiment was to determine the pathogenicity of RNA satellite associated with CMV (CMV-satRNA) on hot pepper plant and effects of mix infection of CMV-satRNA and other viruses naturally infecting hot pepper, PVY (potato virus Y) and TMV (tobacco mosaic virus). Two green house experiments were conducted in Gedong Meneng Bandar Lampung during June—November 2004. The treatments of the the first experiment were arranged in a completely randomized design with five replications. The treatments were hot pepper plant inoculated with CMV-satRNA, severe strain CMV-G, and control uninoculated plant. The second treatment was arranged in a complete block randomized design in a factorial experiment with four replications. The first factor was single inoculation of CMV-satRNA, PVY, TMV, double inoculatoin of CMV-satRNA and PVY, CMV-satRNA and TMV, PVY and TMV, and control uninoculated plant. The second factor was two hot varieties, Taro and Laris. The results of the first experiment showed that infection of CMV-satRNA did not significantly reduce the yield of hot pepper plant compared to severe strain CMV-G. The result of the second experiment indicated that mix infection of CMV-satRNA and TMV or CMV-satRNA and PVY did not induced a synergetic reaction on hot pepper plants

Penggunaan Pelacak Nonradioaktif (Digoxigenin-dna Probe) Untuk Mendeteksi Peanut Stripe Virus

The use of nonradioactive probe (Digoxigenin-DNA) for detection of peanut stripe virus. The objective of this experiment was to develop the nonradioactive-labeled probe to detect peanut stripe virus (PStV) in peanut leaves and seeds. Digoxigenin labeled cDNA (dig-DNA probe) was synthesized from recombinant plasmid (pHS1.23) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The probe containing 1.195 bp (base pair) corresponding to 3' termini, included part of NIb (nuclear inclusion body) gene, coat protein gene, and 3' untranslated region of PStV genome was used to detect the existence of PStV in peanut leaves and seeds of infected peanut plants

Respon Beberapa Genotipe Kedelai Terhadap Infeksi Cpmmv (Cowpea Mild Mottle Virus)

Response of various soybean genotipes against cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV) infection. The green house experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of CPMMV infection on growth and yield of various soybean varieties. Treatments were arranged in completely randomized block design in split plot experiment. Mainplots were virus-inoculated and uninoculated plants; subplots were eight soybean varieties: Wilis, Orba, MLG 2521, Taichung, B 3570, Dieng, Tidar, and Pangrango. The results of this experiment showed that CPMMV infection decreased vegetative growth and yield of soybean plant. The decrease of dry weigth of soybean plant proved that CPMMV infection inhibited the vegetative growth. Taichung variety susceptible to CPMMV was indicated by significant reduction of the growth and yield. B3570 line tolerance to CPMMV infection was proved by lower reduction of the yield

Obogaćivanje kefira vlaknima jabuke i limuna

The effects of apple and lemon fiber addition on some properties of kefir were investigated. Five different kefirs were produced (A is control, B, C, D, E, F and G: contain 0.25 % apple fiber, 0.5 % apple fiber, 1 % apple fiber, 0.25 % lemon fiber, 0.5 % lemon fiber and 1 % lemon fiber, respectively) and stored for 20 days at 4±1 °C. pH, titratable acidity, dry matter, water activity, water holding capacity, viscosity, L, a and b values, sensorial analysis, total lactic bacteria, Lactococcus spp., Leuconostoc spp. and yeast counts of kefirs were determined at 1st, 10th and 20th days of storage. The addition of apple and lemon fiber enhanced rheological, microbiological and sensorial properties of kefirs (p<0.01). Apple and lemon fiber could be used for kefir production at a rate of 0.25 or 0.5 %.Istražen je utjecaj dodatka vlakana jabuke i limuna na neka svojstva kefira. U tu svrhu proizvedeno je pet različitih kefira (A je kontrolni, B, C, D, E, F i G: sadrže 0,25 % jabučnih vlakana, 0,5 % jabučnih vlakana, 1 % jabučnih vlakana, 0,25 % limunskih vlakana, 0,5% limunskih vlakana i 1 % limunskih vlakana), koji su bili pohranjeni 20 dana na 4±1 °C. pH, titriracijska kiselost, suha tvar, aktivnost vode, kapacitet zadržavanja vode, viskoznost, L, a i b vrijednosti, senzorska analiza, ukupni broj bakterija mliječne kiseline, Lactococcus spp., Leuconostoc spp. i broj kvasaca u kefiru određeni su 1., 10. i 20. dana skladištenja. Dobiveni rezultati upućuju na to da dodatak vlakana jabuke i limuna poboljšava reološka, mikrobiološka i senzorska svojstva kefira (p<0,01), te da se vlakna jabuke i limuna mogu koristiti za proizvodnju kefira do udjela od 0,25 % ili 0,5 %

The anesthetic effects of clove oil and 2-phenoxyethanol on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at different concentrations and temperatures

In this study, anesthetic effects of five different concentrations of 2-phenoxyethanol (0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 ml/L) and clove oil (0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 1.25 and 1.50 ml/L) on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were studied at temperatures 7, 13 and 18ºC. For this purpose, 900 fish (39.08 ± 1.13 g and 15.48 ± 0.21 cm) were used in the experiment. Induction time of 2-phenoxyethanol and clove oil varied between 1.05 and 3.36 min at all concentrations, except for 0.2 ml/L (for 2-phenoxyethanol only) and at every temperature application. Full recovery time occurred between 2.44 and 7.14 min for 2-phenoxyethanol and 3.23 - 6.11 min for clove oil. It was found that full recovery times significantly increased with increase in 2-phenoxyethanol concentrations (r^2=0.81). The same increasing trend was observed in clove oil, but the increase was not strong compared to 2-phenoxyethanol (r^2=0.21). On the other hand, full induction times of 2-phenoxyethanol and clove oil significantly declined with the increase in concentrations (r^2=0.74; r^2=0.84 for 2-phenoxyethanol and clove oil, respectively). Based on the ideal induction (less than 3 min) and recovery (less than 5 min) time criteria, it can be suggested that the most appropriate concentrations for rainbow trout were 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 ml/L for 2-phenoxyethanol and 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 ml/L for clove oil