Novel CLOCK and NR1D2 variants in 64 sighted Japanese individuals with non-24-hour sleep-wake rhythm disorder

journal articl

Absence of in vivo mutagenicity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in single intratracheal instillation study using F344 gpt delta rats

Abstract Introduction It is known that fibrous particles of micrometer length, such as carbon nanotubes, which have same dimensions as asbestos, are carcinogenic. Carcinogenicity of nanomaterials is strongly related to inflammatory reactions; however, the genotoxicity mechanism(s) is unclear. Indeed, inconsistent results on genotoxicity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been shown in several reports. Therefore, we analyzed the in vivo genotoxicity induced by an intratracheal instillation of straight MWCNTs in rats using a different test system\u2014the Pig-a gene mutation assay\u2014that can reflect the genotoxicity occurring in the bone marrow. Since lungs were directly exposed to MWCNTs upon intratracheal instillation, we also performed the gpt assay using the lungs. Findings We detected no significant differences in Pig-a mutant frequencies (MFs) between the MWCNT-treated and control rats. Additionally, we detected no significant differences in gpt MFs in the lung between the MWCNT-treated and control rats. Conclusions Our findings indicated that a single intratracheal instillation of MWCNTs was non-mutagenic to both the bone marrow and lung of rats

Tokyo Guidelines 2018 diagnostic criteria and severity grading of acute cholecystitis (with videos)

The Tokyo Guidelines 2013 (TG13) for acute cholangitis and cholecystitis were globally disseminated and various clinical studies about the management of acute cholecystitis were reported by many researchers and clinicians from all over the world. The 1st edition of the Tokyo Guidelines 2007 (TG07) was revised in 2013. According to that revision, the TG13 diagnostic criteria of acute cholecystitis provided better specificity and higher diagnostic accuracy. Thorough our literature search about diagnostic criteria for acute cholecystitis, new and strong evidence that had been released from 2013 to 2017 was not found with serious and important issues about using TG13 diagnostic criteria of acute cholecystitis. On the other hand, the TG13 severity grading for acute cholecystitis has been validated in numerous studies. As a result of these reviews, the TG13 severity grading for acute cholecystitis was significantly associated with parameters including 30-day overall mortality, length of hospital stay, conversion rates to open surgery, and medical costs. In terms of severity assessment, breakthrough and intensive literature for revising severity grading was not reported. Consequently, TG13 diagnostic criteria and severity grading were judged from numerous validation studies as useful indicators in clinical practice and adopted as TG18/TG13 diagnostic criteria and severity grading of acute cholecystitis without any modification. Free full articles and mobile app of TG18 are available at: http://www.jshbps.jp/modules/en/index.php?content_id=47. Related clinical questions and references are also include

TG18 management strategies for gallbladder drainage in patients with acute cholecystitis: Updated Tokyo Guidelines 2018 (with videos)

Since the publication of the Tokyo Guidelines in 2007 and their revision in 2013, appropriate management for acute cholecystitis has been more clearly established. Since the last revision, several manuscripts, especially for alternative endoscopic techniques, have been reported; therefore, additional evaluation and refinement of the 2013 Guidelines is required. We describe a standard drainage method for surgically high-risk patients with acute cholecystitis and the latest developed endoscopic gallbladder drainage techniques described in the updated Tokyo Guidelines 2018 (TG18). Our study confirmed that percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage should be considered the first alternative to surgical intervention in surgically high-risk patients with acute cholecystitis. Also, endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage or endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage can be considered in high-volume institutes by skilled endoscopists. In the endoscopic transpapillary approach, either endoscopic naso-gallbladder drainage or gallbladder stenting can be considered for gallbladder drainage. We also introduce special techniques and the latest outcomes of endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage studies. Free full articles and mobile app of TG18 are available at: . Related clinical questions and references are also include

A histopathologic study of the controlling role of T cells on experimental periodontitis in rats

Background/purpose: The onset and progression of periodontitis involve bacterial infection and the immune response. T cells function in the immune response and reportedly induce bone resorption in inflammatory bone loss. However, the exact role of T cells in periodontal destruction remains unclear. Using our experimental model of periodontitis, we aimed to investigate the influence of T cells on periodontal destruction. Materials and methods: Male athymic nude (Nu) and euthymic wild-type (WT) rats were divided into the immunized (I-Nu and I-WT), non-immunized (nI-Nu and nI-WT). The immunized groups were immunized intraperitoneally with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The non-immunized groups received phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Nothing was administered to the non-treated groups. LPS was applied to the right palatal gingival sulcus in the immunized and non-immunized groups daily for 20 days. Loss of attachment, numbers of inflammatory cells and osteoclasts, and levels of alveolar bone were investigated histopathologically and histometrically. Osteoclasts were stained with tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. The numbers of IL-4-positive cells were evaluated immunohistologically. Results: Loss of attachment, numbers of inflammatory cells, levels of alveolar bone, and the number of osteoclasts were significantly increased in the nI-WT group compared with the nI-Nu group. However, the parameters were significantly increased in the I-Nu group compared with the I-WT group. The number of IL-4-positive cells was greater in the I-WT group than in the I-Nu group. Conclusion: T cells promote inflammation in non-immunized animals; however, they regulate these processes in immunized animals

The CGH array analysis of the MSH2 gene in Nalm-6 genome.

<p>Part of the chromosome 2 covering the MSH2 gene is presented. The chromosome region where one allele is deleted is boxed with black color and the region where both alleles are missed is boxed with red color. The region covering MSH2 is indicated with a red thick line.</p

Strategy for re-expression of MSH2 from the endogenous promoter by gene targeting.

<p>The MSH2 gene is located on chromosome 2 and the indicated allele has the region from exon 1 to exon 8 of MSH2. Region from exon 9 to 16 is deleted in both chromosomes. The synthetic exon from exon 9 to exon 16 was introduced into downstream of exon 8 by targeting. After Cre recombination, Neo^R is removed, and lox71 and lox66 creates a defective lox sequence, which is no longer a target of Cre recombinase. DT-A stands for diphtheria toxin-A.</p