動物モデルにおけるヒト化抗ポドプラニン・キメラ抗原受容体発現ヒト細胞傷害性T細胞による固形腫瘍に対する抗腫瘍効果の改善

京都大学新制・課程博士博士(医学)甲第24490号医博第4932号新制||医||1063(附属図書館)京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻(主査)教授 河本 宏, 教授 髙折 晃史, 教授 上野 英樹学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Medical ScienceKyoto UniversityDFA

Detecting a Taxi from a Video for Visually Handicapped People

This paper proposes a method of detecting a specific moving object, a taxi in particular, on a road from a video provided from a camera attached to a user. In order to raise the quality of life of visually handicapped people, a computer vision system which works in place of their eyes and a brain may be useful. As one of such systems, this study focuses its attention on finding a taxi on a road which is a convenient vehicle to such people as a means of transfer outdoors. The novel idea of this study is that a camera and a PC system for finding a taxi is carried by a user, a visually handicapped person, for example. The proposed method employs the HOG features to represent a vehicle, and finds a taxi by Real AdaBoost and color information with the detected vehicle. The performance of the proposed method is shown experimentally.The 34th Chinese Control Conference and SICE Annual Conference 2015, July 28-30, 2015, Hangzhou, Chin

Airway inflammation in Japanese COPD patients compared with smoking and nonsmoking controls

Purpose: To assess the importance of inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by measuring airway and systemic inflammatory biomarkers in Japanese patients with the disease and relevant control groups. Patients and methods: This was the first study of its type in Japanese COPD patients. It was a non-treatment study in which 100 participants were enrolled into one of three groups: nonsmoking controls, current or ex-smoking controls, and COPD patients. All participants underwent standard lung function assessments and provided sputum and blood samples from which the numbers of inflammatory cells and concentrations of biomarkers were measured, using standard procedures. Results: The overall trends observed in levels of inflammatory cells and biomarkers in sputum and blood in COPD were consistent with previous reports in Western studies. Increasing levels of neutrophils, interleukin 8 (IL-8), surfactant protein D (SP-D), and Krebs von den Lungen 6 (KL-6) in sputum and clara cell 16 (CC-16), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and KL-6 in serum and plasma fibrinogen were seen in the Japanese COPD patients compared with the non-COPD control participants. In sputum, significant correlations were seen between total cell count and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9; P＜0.001), neutrophils and MMP-9 (P＜0.001), macrophages and KL-6 (P＜0.01), total cell count and IL-8 (P＜0.05), neutrophils and IL-8 (P＜0.05), and macrophages and MMP-9 (P＜0.05). Significant correlations were also observed between some inflammatory cells in sputum and biomarkers in serum, with the most significant between serum CC-16 and both total cell count (P＜0.005) and neutrophils (P＜0.005) in sputum. Conclusion: These results provide evidence for the first time that COPD in Japanese patients is a multicomponent disease, involving both airway and systemic inflammation, in addition to airway obstruction. Therefore, intervention with anti-inflammatory therapy may provide additional benefit in disease management of COPD in Japan

Multiscale element mapping of buried structures by ptychographic x-ray diffraction microscopy using anomalous scattering

We propose an element mapping technique of nano-meso-microscale structures buried within large and/or thick objects by ptychographic x-ray diffraction microscopy using anomalous scattering. We performed quantitative imagings of both the electron density and Au element of Au/Ag nanoparticles at the pixel resolution of better than 10 nm in a field of view larger than 5 × 5 μm2 by directly phasing ptychographic coherent diffraction patterns acquired at two x-ray energies below the Au L3 edge. This method provides us with multiscale structural and elemental information for understanding the element/property relationship linking nanoscale structures to macroscopic functional properties in material and biological systems. © 2011 American Institute of Physics.Yukio Takahashi, Akihiro Suzuki, Nobuyuki Zettsu, Yoshiki Kohmura, Kazuto Yamauchi, and Tetsuya Ishikawa, "Multiscale element mapping of buried structures by ptychographic x-ray diffraction microscopy using anomalous scattering", Appl. Phys. Lett. 99(13), 131905 (2011) https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3644396

High-resolution and high-sensitivity phase-contrast imaging by focused hard x-ray ptychography with a spatial filter

We demonstrate high-resolution and high-sensitivity x-ray phase-contrast imaging of a weakly scattering extended object by scanning coherent diffractive imaging, i.e., ptychography, using a focused x-ray beam with a spatial filter. We develop the x-ray illumination optics installed with the spatial filter to collect coherent diffraction patterns with a high signal-to-noise ratio. We quantitatively visualize the object with a slight phase shift ([formula omitted]) at spatial resolution better than 17 nm in a field of view larger than [formula omitted]. The present coherent method has a marked potential for high-resolution and wide-field-of-view observation of weakly scattering objects such as biological soft tissues.Yukio Takahashi, Akihiro Suzuki, Shin Furutaku, Kazuto Yamauchi, Yoshiki Kohmura, and Tetsuya Ishikawa, "High-resolution and high-sensitivity phase-contrast imaging by focused hard x-ray ptychography with a spatial filter", Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 094102 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4794063

Bragg x-ray ptychography of a silicon crystal: Visualization of the dislocation strain field and the production of a vortex beam

We experimentally demonstrate the visualization of nanoscale dislocation strain fields in a thick silicon single crystal by a coherent diffraction imaging technique called Bragg x-ray ptychography. We also propose that the x-ray microbeam carrying orbital angular momentum is selectively produced by coherent Bragg diffraction from dislocation singularities in crystals. This work not only provides us with a tool for characterizing dislocation strain fields buried within extended crystals but also opens up new scientific opportunities in femtosecond spectroscopy using x-ray free-electron lasers.Yukio Takahashi, Akihiro Suzuki, Shin Furutaku, Kazuto Yamauchi, Yoshiki Kohmura, and Tetsuya Ishikawa, Phys. Rev. B 87, 121201, 2013