Switching strategy between HP (high pressure)- and LPEGR (low pressure exhaust gas recirculation) systems for reduced fuel consumption and emissions

EGR (Exhaust gas recirculation) plays a major role in current Diesel internal combustion engines as a cost-effective solution to reduce NO emissions. EGR systems will suffer a significant evolution with the introduction of NO after-treatment and the proliferation of more complex EGR architectures such as low pressure EGR or dual EGR. In this paper the combination of HPEGR (high pressure EGR) LPEGR (low pressure EGR) is presented as a method to minimise fuel consumption with reduced NOx emissions. Particularly, the paper proposes to switch between HPEGR and LPEGR architectures depending on the engine operating conditions in order to exploit the potential of both systems. In this sense, given a driving cycle, in the case at hand the NEDC, the proposed strategy seeks the EGR layout to use at each instant of the cycle to minimise the fuel consumption such that NO emissions are kept below a certain limit. The experimental results obtained show that combining both EGR systems sequentially along the NEDC allows to keep NO emission below a much lower limit with minimum fuel consumption.This work has been partially supported by Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia through Project INNPACTO EGRCOEN.Lujan Martinez, JM.; Guardiola García, C.; Pla Moreno, B.; Reig, A. (2015). Switching strategy between HP (high pressure)- and LPEGR (low pressure exhaust gas recirculation) systems for reduced fuel consumption and emissions. Energy. 90:1790-1798. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2015.06.138S179017989

Nano-Opto-Electro-Mechanical Systems

A new class of hybrid systems that couple optical, electrical and mechanical degrees of freedom in nanoscale devices is under development in laboratories worldwide. These nano-opto-electro-mechanical systems (NOEMS) offer unprecedented opportunities to dynamically control the flow of light in nanophotonic structures, at high speed and low power consumption. Drawing on conceptual and technological advances from cavity optomechanics, they also bear the potential for highly efficient, low-noise transducers between microwave and optical signals, both in the classical and quantum domains. This Progress Article discusses the fundamental physical limits of NOEMS, reviews the recent progress in their implementation, and suggests potential avenues for further developments in this field.Comment: 27 pages, 3 figures, 2 boxe

Large volume, high-performance applications of fibers in civil engineering

This article presents an overview of fiber applications in cementitious composites. The socio-economic considerations surrounding materials development in civil engineering in general, and fiber reinforced cementitious materials in particular, are described. Current FRC appliations are summarized, and the where, how, and why fibers are used in these applications, are documented. An attempt is made to extract common denominators among the widely varied applications. The R&D and industrial trends of applying fibers in enhancing structural performance are depicted. An actual case study involving a tunnel lining constructed in Japan is given to illustrate how a newly proposed structural design guideline takes into account the load carrying contribution of fibers. Composite properties related to structural performance are described for a number of FRCs targeted for use in load carrying structural members. Structural applications of FRCs are currently under rapid development. In coming years, it is envisioned that the ultra-high performance FRC, with ductility matching that of metals, will be commercially exploited in various applications. Highlights of such a material are presented in this article. Finally, conclusions on market trends are drawn, and favorable fiber characteristics for structural applications are provided. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 660–686, 2002Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/34401/1/2263_ftp.pd

Geographical Distribution and Ecotypic Differentiation of Wild Rice in Thailand

この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました。1) Geographical distributions of the wild rices, Oryza sativa f. spontanea and O. perennis were mapped after an extensive collection covering almost all areas in Thailand. 2) The wild rices are found to distribute in swamp areas in dry season. The cultivated rice grows well also in these areas. So the suitable area for rice cultivation might be judged from the distribution of the wild rices. 3) Collected samples were raised in a green house in order to investigate the nineteen characters in detail by the use of the principal component analysis. The ecotypes of the samples collected from north and northeast Thailand had a wide range of variation. 4) The characters that seem responsible for ecotypic differentiations are self-fertility, length-breadth ratio of grains, bending of nodes, length of uppermost internode, etc

Morphology of Rice Grains Recovered from Ruins in Thailand

この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました

The Alteration of Cultivated Rice in Thailand and Cambodia

この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました