5 research outputs found
Single-centre evaluation and staging of rectal carcinoma on a 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging and correlation with histological profile
Purpose: To assess magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of rectal carcinoma in correlation with pathology, and to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of 3-Tesla MRI. Material and methods: A total of 86 patients were included. 3T MR imaging was conducted pre-operatively, with imaging data correlated to pathology results. High-resolution, 2-dimensional, T2-weighted fast-spin echo sequences in the sagittal, axial, and coronal planes used to tumour staging. Diffusion-weighted images were used to increase the accuracy of tumour evaluation. Results: Rectal carcinoma was staged as T3 in 45.3% of all patients (n = 39), without involvement of the mesorectal fascia in 31.4% (n = 27), and with a possible or obvious invasion in 14% of patients (n = 12). The diagnostic accuracy of 3T MRI was 97.6% for the T1 stage, 92.1% for T2, 89% for T3, and 90% for T4 tumours. MR-derived extramural vascular invasion (EMVI) was found in 16.2% (n = 14), with an estimated diagnostic accuracy of 95%. Diffusion-weighted images and apparent diffusion coefficient were estimated for the different histology types of rectal carcinoma. The average apparent diffusion coefficient for adenocarcinoma was 0.846 ± 0.17, for mucinous adenocarcinoma it was 1.17 ± 0.08, and for signet cell and squamous carcinomas it was 0.91 ± 0.11 and 0.796 ± 0.21 mm2/s, respectively. Conclusions: 3T MRI enables high levels of diagnostic accuracy in local rectal carcinoma staging, including assessment of mesorectal fascia infiltration and EMVI-status with high accuracy
Two new root endophyte and nematode cyst parasite species of the widely distributed genus Laburnicola
Fungal root endophytes, including the common form group of dark septate endophytes (DSEs), represent different taxonomic groups with potentially diverse life strategies. During surveys of DSE communities and of nematode cysts colonizing fungi, isolates representing Laburnicola ( Didymosphaeriaceae , Pleosporales ) lineages were discovered. Here we carried out a comprehensive study of the phylogenetic relationships and taxonomy of fungi collected from plant roots in Hungary, Mongolia, and Kazakhstan and from eggs of the cereal cyst nematode Heterodera filipjevi in Turkey. In addition to the study of the morphology and culture characteristics of the strains, four loci (internal transcribed spacer, partial large and small subunit regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA and partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha) were used to infer the molecular phylogenetic relationships of the strains within Laburnicola . The isolates were found to represent two distinct lineages, which are described here as novel species, Laburnicola nematophila and L. radiciphila . The interaction of the strains with plants and nematodes was examined using in vitro bioassays, which revealed endophytic interactions with the plant roots and parasitic interactions with the nematode eggs. Analyses of similar ITS sequences found in public databases revealed that members of the genus Laburnicola are widely distributed characteristic members of the plant microbiome, and they are reported as parasites of plant parasitic cyst nematodes here for the first time
Root-Colonizing Endophytic Fungi of the Dominant Grass Stipa krylovii From a Mongolian Steppe Grassland
In several terrestrial ecosystems such as grasslands, plants live together with various
root-colonizing dark septate endophytes (DSEs), fungi that are relatively frequent
colonizers of healthy belowground tissues of plants in these environments. They are
important members of the plant microbiota and may have various effects on plant
survival under different stress conditions; however, their general functions in relation
to plants and the greater ecosystem remain elusive. Although an increasing number
of studies has been published focusing on DSEs in Asian grasslands, our knowledge
is limited. Especially in Mongolia, where the steppe region represents a significant
area, information is not available on these root colonizers. In this study, we aimed to
characterize DSEs of a common dominant gramineous plant species, Stipa krylovii in a
semiarid grassland of Mongolia. Root samples were collected in a natural steppe and
were processed for isolation of fungal endophytes. For molecular identification of the
isolates, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the nrDNA was obtained for all
the isolates investigated; furthermore, the partial translation elongation factor 1-a (TEF)
gene and large subunit (LSU) and small subunit (SSU) of rDNA were also amplified and
sequenced in case of representative isolates. In vitro tests were used to examine the
rough symbiotic nature of the fungi, and root colonization was visualized. A majority of
the 135 isolates examined in detail was found to belong to several orders of Ascomycota
(110 isolates) and some to Basidiomycota (25 isolates). A significant number of the
isolates represented presumably novel taxa, and dominant similarities of the lineages
have been found with relatively frequent and known grass root endophytes of semiarid
areas in other geographic regions. These endophytes included Periconia macrospinosa,
Microdochium bolley, and Darksidea, the genus of which comprised one fourth of the
isolates. We found numerous lineages, which have been detected not only from Asian
steppe ecosystems, but also from prairies in North America and sandy grasslands in
Europe. Therefore, our results strengthen the hypothesized worldwide presence of a
common and dominant core group of a DSE community in arid and semiarid grasslands
Fungal Planet description sheets: 1284–1382
Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Antartica,
Cladosporium austrolitorale from coastal sea sand. Australia, Austroboletus yourkae on soil, Crepidotus innuopurpureus on dead wood, Curvularia stenotaphri from roots and leaves of Stenotaphrum secundatum and Thecaphora
stajsicii from capsules of Oxalis radicosa. Belgium, Paraxerochrysium coryli (incl. Paraxerochrysium gen. nov.)
from Corylus avellana. Brazil, Calvatia nordestina on soil, Didymella tabebuiicola from leaf spots on Tabebuia
aurea, Fusarium subflagellisporum from hypertrophied floral and vegetative branches of Mangifera indica and
Microdochium maculosum from living leaves of Digitaria insularis. Canada, Cuphophyllus bondii from a grassland.
Croatia, Mollisia inferiseptata from a rotten Laurus nobilis trunk. Cyprus, Amanita exilis on calcareous soil. Czech
Republic, Cytospora hippophaicola from wood of symptomatic Vaccinium corymbosum. Denmark, Lasiosphaeria
deviata on pieces of wood and herbaceous debris. Dominican Republic, Calocybella goethei among grass on a
lawn. France (Corsica), Inocybe corsica on wet ground. France (French Guiana), Trechispora patawaensis on
decayed branch of unknown angiosperm tree and Trechispora subregularis on decayed log of unknown angiosperm
tree. Germany, Paramicrothecium sambuci (incl. Paramicrothecium gen. nov.) on dead stems of Sambucus nigra.
India, Aureobasidium microtermitis from the gut of a Microtermes sp. termite, Laccaria diospyricola on soil and
Phylloporia tamilnadensis on branches of Catunaregam spinosa. Iran, Pythium serotinoosporum from soil under
Prunus dulcis. Italy, Pluteus brunneovenosus on twigs of broadleaved trees on the ground. Japan, Heterophoma
rehmanniae on leaves of Rehmannia glutinosa f. hueichingensis. Kazakhstan, Murispora kazachstanica from
healthy roots of Triticum aestivum. Namibia, Caespitomonium euphorbiae (incl. Caespitomonium gen. nov.) fromstems of an Euphorbia sp. Netherlands, Alfaria junci, Myrmecridium junci, Myrmecridium juncicola, Myrmecridium
juncigenum, Ophioceras junci, Paradinemasporium junci (incl. Paradinemasporium gen. nov.), Phialoseptomonium
junci, Sporidesmiella juncicola, Xenopyricularia junci and Zaanenomyces quadripartis (incl. Zaanenomyces gen.
nov.), from dead culms of Juncus effusus, Cylindromonium everniae and Rhodoveronaea everniae from Evernia
prunastri, Cyphellophora sambuci and Myrmecridium sambuci from Sambucus nigra, Kiflimonium junci, Sarocladium
junci, Zaanenomyces moderatricis-academiae and Zaanenomyces versatilis from dead culms of Juncus
inflexus, Microcera physciae from Physcia tenella, Myrmecridium dactylidis from dead culms of Dactylis glomerata,
Neochalara spiraeae and Sporidesmium spiraeae from leaves of Spiraea japonica, Neofabraea salicina from Salix
sp., Paradissoconium narthecii (incl. Paradissoconium gen. nov.) from dead leaves of Narthecium ossifragum,
Polyscytalum vaccinii from Vaccinium myrtillus, Pseudosoloacrosporiella cryptomeriae (incl. Pseudosoloacrosporiella
gen. nov.) from leaves of Cryptomeria japonica, Ramularia pararhabdospora from Plantago lanceolata,
Sporidesmiella pini from needles of Pinus sylvestris and Xenoacrodontium juglandis (incl. Xenoacrodontium gen.
nov.and Xenoacrodontiaceae fam. nov.) from Juglans regia. New Zealand, Cryptometrion metrosideri from twigs
of Metrosideros sp., Coccomyces pycnophyllocladi from dead leaves of Phyllocladus alpinus, Hypoderma aliforme
from fallen leaves Fuscopora solandri and Hypoderma subiculatum from dead leaves Phormium tenax. Norway,
Neodevriesia kalakoutskii from permafrost and Variabilispora viridis from driftwood of Picea abies. Portugal, Entomortierella
hereditatis from a biofilm covering a deteriorated limestone wall. Russia, Colpoma junipericola from
needles of Juniperus sabina, Entoloma cinnamomeum on soil in grasslands, Entoloma verae on soil in grasslands,
Hyphodermella pallidostraminea on a dry dead branch of Actinidia sp., Lepiota sayanensis on litter in a mixed forest,
Papiliotrema horticola from Malus communis, Paramacroventuria ribis (incl. Paramacroventuria gen. nov.) from leaves
of Ribes aureum and Paramyrothecium lathyri from leaves of Lathyrus tuberosus. South Africa, Harzia combreti
from leaf litter of Combretum collinum ssp. sulvense, Penicillium xyleborini from Xyleborinus saxesenii, Phaeoisaria
dalbergiae from bark of Dalbergia armata, Protocreopsis euphorbiae from leaf litter of Euphorbia ingens and Roigiella
syzygii from twigs of Syzygium chordatum. Spain, Genea zamorana on sandy soil, Gymnopus nigrescens
on Scleropodium touretii, Hesperomyces parexochomi on Parexochomus quadriplagiatus, Paraphoma variabilis
from dung, Phaeococcomyces kinklidomatophilus from a blackened metal railing of an industrial warehouse and
Tuber suaveolens in soil under Quercus faginea. Svalbard and Jan Mayen, Inocybe nivea associated with Salix
polaris. Thailand, Biscogniauxia whalleyi on corticated wood. UK, Parasitella quercicola from Quercus robur. USA,
Aspergillus arizonicus from indoor air in a hospital, Caeliomyces tampanus (incl. Caeliomyces gen. nov.) from office
dust, Cippumomyces mortalis (incl. Cippumomyces gen. nov.) from a tombstone, Cylindrium desperesense from air
in a store, Tetracoccosporium pseudoaerium from air sample in house, Toxicocladosporium glendoranum from air
in a brick room, Toxicocladosporium losalamitosense from air in a classroom, Valsonectria portsmouthensis from
air in men’s locker room and Varicosporellopsis americana from sludge in a water reservoir. Vietnam, Entoloma
kovalenkoi on rotten wood, Fusarium chuoi inside seed of Musa itinerans, Micropsalliota albofelina on soil in tropical
evergreen mixed forests and Phytophthora docyniae from soil and roots of Docynia indica. Morphological and
culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes
Multilocus molecular phylogenetic-led discovery and formal recognition of four novel root colonizing Fusarium species from Northern Kazakhstan and the phylogenetically divergent Fusarium steppicola lineage
In this study DNA sequence data was used to characterize 290 Fusarium strains
isolated during a survey of root colonizing endophytic fungi of agricultural and nonagricultural
plants in Northern Kazakhstan. The Fusarium collection was screened for
species identity using partial translation elongation factor 1-α ( TEF1 ) gene
sequences. Altogether , 16 different Fusarium species were identified , including
eight known and four novel species, and the discovery of the phylogenetically
divergent F. steppicola lineage. Isolates of the four putatively novel fusaria were
further analyzed phylogenetically with a multilocus dataset comprising partial sequence
of TEF1 , RNA polymerase II largest ( RPB1 ) and second-largest ( RPB2 )
subunits, and calmodulin ( CaM ) to assess their genealogical exclusivity. Based on
the molecular phylogenetic and comprehensive morphological analyses, four new
species are formally described herein : F. campestre , F. kazakhstanicum , F.
rhizicola and F. steppicola