Constituents of flowers essential oils of Smirnovia iranica Sabeti from Iran

Background and aims: Smirnova iranica Sabeti is one of the valuable and adapted shrub native species to the sandy fields of Central Iran and of Fabaceae family that in terms of the production of forage and soil conservation and creating a beautiful landscape and medicinal value is critically important. No study has been conducted on this plant essence in Iran, so far. Methods: In the habitat of the plant, located in Kashan sandy areas, during flowering in the third week of April in each site, flowers were collected and after extraction of essential oils using simultaneous method of distillation and extraction using organic solvents, a chromatography device connected to a mass spectrometer (GC/MS) was used in order to identify the combinations of essential oils. Results: The essence yields were 0.02 and the color of essential oils was yellowish. The important and main combinations of essential oils were Hexadecanoic acid, Tetradecanoic acid and 6,10,14-Trimethyl-2-pentadecanone which consisted more than 10 percent of the composition. Conclusion: It can be concluded that Smirnova iranica sabeti is a versatile plant found in sandy fields of Iran with medicinal, anti-virus, anti-cancer and anti-bacterial properties

Conflict of Laws in International Oil Contracts

The contract which is signed between different nationalities is called international agreement. International agreements are slightly more complex than domestic contracts. Because we are dealing with more than one rule and in addition, the existence of principles of international rules cannot be ignored. Nationality difference is the first case that is investigated in international contracts. The second factor is the domicile of the parties that is a communication element in international contracts. The third factor is the place of contract performance and the forth factor states the contracts between two sides. What is the main purpose of this article is the subject and purpose of the international oil conventions that investigates the governing principles over them, the governing law example of the contract and also provides solutions to adopt a law which has been proposed

Effect of the pillar ligand on preventing agglomeration of ZnO nanoparticles prepared from Zn(II) metal-organic frameworks

Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) represent a new class of highly porous materials. On this regard,  two nano porous metal-organic frameworks of [Zn2(1,4-bdc)2(H2O)2∙(DMF)2]n (1) and [Zn2(1,4-bdc)2(dabco)]·4DMF·1⁄2H2O (2), (1,4-bdc = benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate, dabco = 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane and DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide) were synthesized and characterized. They were used for preparation of ZnO nanomaterials. With calcination of 1, agglomerated ZnO nanoparticles could be fabricated, but by the same process on 2, the tendency of ZnO nanoparticles to agglomeration was decreased. In addition, the ZnO nanoparticles prepared from compound 2 had smaller diameter than those obtained from compound 1. In fact, the role of organic dabco ligands in 2 is similar to the role of polymeric stabilizers in formation of nanoparticles. Finally, considering the various applications of ZnO nanomaterials such as light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, photodiodes, gas sensors and dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), it seems that preparation of ZnO nanomaterials from their MOFs could be one of the simple and effective methods which may be applied for preparation of them

Conflict of Laws in International Oil Contracts

The contract which is signed between different nationalities is called international agreement. International agreements are slightly more complex than domestic contracts. Because we are dealing with more than one rule and in addition, the existence of principles of international rules cannot be ignored. Nationality difference is the first case that is investigated in international contracts. The second factor is the domicile of the parties that is a communication element in international contracts. The third factor is the place of contract performance and the forth factor states the contracts between two sides. What is the main purpose of this article is the subject and purpose of the international oil conventions that investigates the governing principles over them, the governing law example of the contract and also provides solutions to adopt a law which has been proposed

Conflict of Laws in International Oil Contracts

The contract which is signed between different nationalities is called international agreement. International agreements are slightly more complex than domestic contracts. Because we are dealing with more than one rule and in addition, the existence of principles of international rules cannot be ignored. Nationality difference is the first case that is investigated in international contracts. The second factor is the domicile of the parties that is a communication element in international contracts. The third factor is the place of contract performance and the forth factor states the contracts between two sides. What is the main purpose of this article is the subject and purpose of the international oil conventions that investigates the governing principles over them, the governing law example of the contract and also provides solutions to adopt a law which has been proposed

Novel derivatives of phthalimide with potent anticonvulsant activity in PTZ and MES seizure models

Objective(s): Phthalimide-based derivatives have anticonvulsant activity like as phenytoin by inhibition of sodium channel. In our previously research we mentioned about some phthalimide derivatives as potent anticonvulsant agents. Materials and Methods: Fourteen analogs of 2-substituted phthalimide pharmacophore were synthesized and then were evaluated for the anticonvulsant activities in pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures (PTZ) and maximal electroshock seizure (MES) models. Results: The in vivo screening results showed that all the analogs have the ability to protect against the maximal electroshock and PTZ. The compounds 3 and 9 elevated clonic seizure thresholds at 30 min which were more active than the standard medicine phenytoin. Compounds 3, 6, 7, 11, 13 and 14 with 100% protection were the most potent ones in tonic seizure. The most potent compound in the both PTZ and MES models was compound 3. Using a model of the open pore of sodium channel, all of the compounds were docked. Results of docking showed that the ligands interacted mainly with residues II-S6 of NaV1.2 by making hydrogen bonds and have additional hydrophobic interactions with other domains in the channel's inner pore. Conclusion: Some of these compounds are more potent than phenytoin simultaneously in the clonic and tonic seizures