Simultaneous input and output matrix partitioning for outer-product-parallel sparse matrix-matrix multiplication

Cataloged from PDF version of article.FFor outer-product-parallel sparse matrix-matrix multiplication (SpGEMM) of the form C=A×B, we propose three hypergraph models that achieve simultaneous partitioning of input and output matrices without any replication of input data. All three hypergraph models perform conformable one-dimensional (1D) columnwise and 1D rowwise partitioning of the input matrices A and B, respectively. The first hypergraph model performs two-dimensional (2D) nonzero-based partitioning of the output matrix, whereas the second and third models perform 1D rowwise and 1D columnwise partitioning of the output matrix, respectively. This partitioning scheme induces a two-phase parallel SpGEMM algorithm, where communication-free local SpGEMM computations constitute the first phase and the multiple single-node-accumulation operations on the local SpGEMM results constitute the second phase. In these models, the two partitioning constraints defined on weights of vertices encode balancing computational loads of processors during the two separate phases of the parallel SpGEMM algorithm. The partitioning objective of minimizing the cutsize defined over the cut nets encodes minimizing the total volume of communication that will occur during the second phase of the parallel SpGEMM algorithm. An MPI-based parallel SpGEMM library is developed to verify the validity of our models in practice. Parallel runs of the library for a wide range of realistic SpGEMM instances on two large-scale parallel systems JUQUEEN (an IBM BlueGene/Q system) and SuperMUC (an Intel-based cluster) show that the proposed hypergraph models attain high speedup values. © 2014 Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics

Functional Anatomy and Physiology of Airway

In this chapter, we scope the importance of functional anatomy and physiology of the upper airway. The upper airway has an important role in transporting air to the lungs. Both the anatomical structure of the airways and the functional properties of the mucosa, cartilages, and neural and lymphatic tissues influence the characteristics of the air that is inhaled. The airway changes in size, shape, and position throughout its development from the neonate to the adults. Knowledge of the functional anatomy of the airway in these forms the basis of understanding the pathological conditions that may occur. The upper airway extends from the mouth to the trachea. It includes the mouth, the nose, the palate, the uvula, the pharynx, and the larynx. This section also describes the functional physiology of this airway. Managing the airway of a patient with craniofacial disorders poses many challenges to the anesthesiologist. Anatomical abnormalities may affect only intubation, only airway management, or both. This section also focuses on the abnormal airways in obesity, pregnancy, children and neonate, and patients with abnormal facial defects

Pathophysiology of Apnea, Hypoxia, and Preoxygenation

Because intubation becomes a long procedure as potential, arterial oxygen (O2) desatu-ration should be taken into account during the intubation. Since oxygen reserves are not always sufficient to meet the duration of intubation, preoxygenation should be routine before anesthetic induction and tracheal intubation. Surveys show that maximal preoxygenation increases oxygen reserves in the body and significantly delays arterial hemoglobin desaturation and hypoxia. In cases of respiratory insufficiency oxygenation can be improved by positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) or pressure support. Effective technique and FeO2 monitoring can increase the effectiveness of preoxygenation and thus increase the safety margin. Preoxygenation failures have to be identified and alternative oxygenation methods must be readily available in order to be applied quickly and easily. Although genetic and environmental factors play a role in diseases such as heart attack, stroke and cancer, which have become the cause of the worst death in the twenty-first century, the underlying problem in the development of these pathological conditions is hypoxia. Better understanding of hypoxic areas in ischemic tissues or growing tumors as well as increased knowledge of hypoxia cellular and molecular responses will allow possible applications in the treatment of major diseases associated with tissue hypoxia

Mineralogical-Petrographical Investigation and Usability as the Gemstone of the North Anatolian Kammererite, Tokat, Turkey

Kammererite formations were observed in the region of Tokat province in the north of Anatolia. Kemmererite (purple, reddish, pink color) is present in the form of nodules or veins in chromium levels found in Mesozoic basic-ultrabasic rocks. In the surveys, it was found that archerite minerals do not show a widespread distribution and have different shades of pink and color and glassy brightness. Thin-section analyses were performed from kammererite samples. In the investigations, kammererite mineral showed brownish or pinkish pleochroism in plane-polarized light. In crossed polars, it was observed that they had interference color in grayish tones. Due to its low hardness, kammererite was treated with epoxy to increase its durability. In addition, it has been determined that they can be used in both jewelry and ornamental objects with the applied cabochon cutting styles

Silicified Woods Consist with Malachite, Azurite, and Hematite in the Middle Eocene Çekerek Formation, Tokat—Turkey

Abstract: In the vicinity of Yücepinar Village of Zile district of Tokat province, there are silicified wood formations in agglomerate levels in the Çekerek formation Middle Eocene aged. These formations consist of well— preserved tree trunks of about 1.5 m in diameter or branches and trunk parts in mm—1 m length. Generally, they are open-brownish cream; in some places they demonstrate dark brown, green, and blue colors. According to XRD and FT-IR analysis results of the samples, it is determined that the silicified wood formations are composed of quartz, cristobalite, malachite, azurite, hematite, graphite, and goethite minerals. According to XRF and ICP-MS analyzes of silicified woods, the high iron content (Fe2O3 8.29–63.79%) in the samples causes red brown color while the increase in copper content (Cu >10 000 ppm) causes blue and green colors. As a result of the cabochon cuts made from the silicified wood samples to be used for jewellery, products which have rich color composition and silky brilliance, keep the polish well and with high-strength are obtained. Particularly because of its color compositions, it is separated from similar silicified wood samples on the Earth. As a result of the surface studies carried out in the study area, it was observed that the silicified wood formations did not propagate much. In order to determine the reserves of these formations, which are thought to have significant economic value, it is necessary to carry out a more detailed exploration activity with trenching and drilling in the region. © 2021, Pleiades Publishing, Inc

A case study of personalization sciences in three dimensional brand character design

Text in Turkish; Abstract: Turkish and EnglishIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 148-155)xiii, 166 leavesGünümüzde markaların farklılaşmak için oluşturdukları marka kişiliği kavramı markanın sürekli ve sürdürülebilir olması açısından büyük bir önem taşımaktadır. Marka kişiliğinin hedef kitle ile iletişimi markanın başarısını etkilemektedir. Marka kişiliğinin oluşturulmasında kullanılan Jung’un evrensel nitelikli arketip yaklaşımının 2000’li yılların başında motivasyon teorileri birleştirilerek marka kişiliklerinin oluşturulmasında kullanılması önem kazanmıştır. Marka algısının doğru konumlandırılmasına yardımcı olmak için tasarlanan karakterlerin ifade ediliş biçimi marka iletişiminin temelini oluşturmaktadır. Marka karakterlerinin tasarlanmasında temel süreç tüketici beklentilerinin araştırılması ve bu beklentileri en iyi şekilde karşılayacak karakterin tasarlanmasıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı marka kişiliğini oluşturan marka arketip karakterlerinin analizlerinin yapılması ve seçilen bir markanın arketip yaklaşımına uygun karakter tasarımının yapılmasıdır. Araştırmada marka kişiliği ve arketip kavramları incelenerek, marka karakteri tasarımında kullanılan arketiplere yönelik sorunlar ve marka karakterinde tasarım unsurları ele alınmıştır. Seçilen markaların karakterlerinin analizleri yapılarak incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın uygulama kısmında seçilen bir markanın arketip karakteri tasarımı süreci elde edilen bulgulara uygun bir şekilde tasarlanmış ve detaylı bir şekilde gösterilmiştir.Today, the concept of brand personality created by brands to differentiate is of great importance in terms of sustainability and sustainability of the brand. Communication of the brand personality with the target audience affects the success of the brand. The universal archetypal approach of Jung, which is used to create brand personality, has gained importance in the beginning of 2000s by combining motivation theories in creating brand personalities. The way in which characters are designed to help position the brand correctly is the basis of brand communication. The basic process in designing brand characters is to investigate consumer expectations and to design the character that best meets these expectations. The purpose of this study is to analyze the brand archetypal characters that make up the brand personality and to design a character suitable for the archetypal approach of a chosen brand. In the research, the concepts of brand personality and archetype are examined, and the problems related to archetypes used in brand character design and design elements in brand character are discussed. The characters of the selected brands were analyzed and analyzed. The archetypal character design process of a brand selected in the application part of the research was designed in accordance with the findings obtained and shown in detail

Theoretical research on structural, electronic, mechanical, lattice dynamical and thermodynamic properties of layered ternary nitrides Ti(2)AN (A = Si, Ge and Sn)

WOS: 000449621500085First-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations within generalized gradient approximation (GGA) are carried out to investigate the structural, electronic, mechanical, lattice dynamical and thermodynamic properties of Ti(2)AN (A = Si, Ge and Sn) MAX phases. The optimized geometrical parameters such as lattice constants (a, c) and the internal coordinates have been calculated. Electronic band structure and corresponding density of states (DOS) have been obtained. The analysis of the band structures and density of states have shown that these compounds are electrical conductors. The elastic constants have been ascertained using the stress-strain method. The isotropic elastic moduli, known as bulk modulus (B), shear modulus (G), young's modulus (E), poisson's ratio (nu), vickers hardness (H-nu) and linear compressibility coefficients (alpha) have been studied within framework of the Voigt-Reuss-Hill approximation for ideal polycrystalline Ti(2)AN (A = Si, Ge and Sn) MAX aggregates. Furthermore, the phonon dispersion curves as well as accompanying phonon density of states have been comprehensively computed. And also raman and infrared modes at the G point have been obtained. Within the thermodynamic properties, specific heat capacity, entropy, helmholtz free energy and internal energy changes were analyzed depending on the temperature of Ti(2)AN (A = Si, Ge and Sn) compounds. The obtained results are presented in comparison with present theoretical data for Ti2SiN. This is the first quantitative theoretical study of the electronic properties and other properties for Ti2GeN and Ti2SnN compounds and therefore theoretical results for these compounds need to be verified experimentally. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Cache locality exploiting methods and models for sparse matrix-vector multiplication

Ankara : The Department of Computer Engineering and Information Science and the Institute of Engineering and Science of Bilkent University, 2009.Thesis (Master's) -- Bilkent University, 2009.Includes bibliographical references leaves 52-56.The sparse matrix-vector multiplication (SpMxV) is an important kernel operation widely used in linear solvers. The same sparse matrix is multiplied by a dense vector repeatedly in these solvers to solve a system of linear equations. High performance gains can be obtained if we can take the advantage of today’s deep cache hierarchy in SpMxV operations. Matrices with irregular sparsity patterns make it difficult to utilize data locality effectively in SpMxV computations. Different techniques are proposed in the literature to utilize cache hierarchy effectively via exploiting data locality during SpMxV. In this work, we investigate two distinct frameworks for cacheaware/oblivious SpMxV: single matrix-vector multiply and multiple submatrix-vector multiplies. For the single matrix-vector multiply framework, we propose a cache-size aware top-down row/column-reordering approach based on 1D sparse matrix partitioning by utilizing the recently proposed appropriate hypergraph models of sparse matrices, and a cache oblivious bottom-up approach based on hierarchical clustering of rows/columns with similar sparsity patterns. We also propose a column compression scheme as a preprocessing step which makes these two approaches cache-line-size aware. The multiple submatrix-vector multiplies framework depends on the partitioning the matrix into multiple nonzero-disjoint submatrices. For an effective matrixto-submatrix partitioning required in this framework, we propose a cache-size aware top-down approach based on 2D sparse matrix partitioning by utilizing the recently proposed fine-grain hypergraph model. For this framework, we also propose a traveling salesman formulation for an effective ordering of individual submatrix-vector multiply operations. We evaluate the validity of our models and methods on a wide range of sparse matrices. Experimental results show that proposed methods and models outperforms state-of-the-art schemes.Akbudak, KadirM.S

A cognitive approach to semantic analysis of fonts in advertisements

Reklam kampanyalarında font seçimi ve tipografi, sürecin sonunda ortaya çıkacak işin ne kadar dikkat çekeceğini ve mesajın ne kadar doğru iletildiğini belirler. Reklam kampanyalarında ulaşılmak istenen hedef kitleye ve oluşturulmak istenen duyguya uygun font seçilmesi gerekir. Fontun duygusal, algısal ve estetik bir boyutu olduğu gibi biçimsel, izleyişsel ve görsel bir boyutu da vardır. Reklam kampanyaları için yazı karakteri seçerken yazı karakterinin insanlar üzerinde oluşturduğu etki, hedef kitle üzerinde oluşturulmak istenen duygu ile eşleşmelidir.Font and typography are two elements which determine the ability of an ad to attract the attention of the audience and are also critical in conveying the right message with the right tone. Font selection should be made according to the target audience and the desired emotion change in the audience. Fonts have emotional, perceptive and aesthetical dimensions as well as visual and formal dimensions. The font of an advertisement should match with the desired emotional affect on the target audience. In this study, the relationship and harmony between the visual elements and fonts in various advertisements are evaluated with cognitive approaches based on semantics analysis.Publisher's Versio

Efficacy of a Novel Molecular Tool in Silencing Arabidopsis Genes

RNA interference (RNAi), a pathway capable of silencing genes, has until recently only been achievable in the laboratory by the use of one method, expression of inverted repeat sequences of DNA. These constructs generate a double-stranded RNA, which in turn induce post-transcriptional silencing of other genes that bear sequence homology with the transgene. This approach of targeted gene silencing is extremely useful for studying the function of genes and engineering new traits in both plants and animals. It has recently been discovered that a transgene lacking the polyadenylation signal, called a truncated transgene, is also capable of inducing RNAi in plant cells. This technique was used in efficiently silencing two genes of Arabidopsis thaliana, the Phytochrome A (PHYA) and Phytochrome B (PHY B) genes; however, the effectiveness of this method on a broader range of genes is unknown. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of truncated-transgene expression on the homologous native genes in the Arabidopsis genome. More specifically, the rate of silencing of three genes, Variegated 2 (VAR2), Brassinosteroid Insensitive 1 (BRI1) and Apetala 1 (AP1) due to the expression of truncated VAR2, BRI1, and AP1 transgenes, respectively, in Arabidopsis thaliana was examined. This experiment provided important data for assessing the efficacy of truncated transgene based gene silencing system for plants