A Presentation For The Automorphisms Of The 3-Sphere That Preserve A Genus Two Heegaard Splitting

Scharlemann constructed a connected simplicial 2-complex $\Gamma$ with an action by the group ${\mathcal H_{2}}$ of isotopy classes of orientation preserving homeomorphisms of $S^3$ that preserve the isotopy class of an unknotted genus 2 handlebody $V$. In this paper we prove that the 2-complex $\Gamma$ is contractible. Therefore we get a finite presentation of ${\mathcal H_{2}}$.Comment: Completely rewritten. 21 pages with 22 figure

Effect of plant growth regulators on in vitro shoot multiplication of Amygdalus communis L. cv. Yaltsinki

An efficient protocol was established for in vitro shoot multiplication from apical shoot tips derived from mature trees of almond (Amygdalus communis L.) cultivars, Yaltsinki. Explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (1962) (MS) medium containing various concentrations of 6-benzyladenin (BA) and kinetin (kin) for shoot multiplication. Shoot multiplication was best achieved from explant on MS medium containing 30 gl-1 sucrose, 7 gl-1 agar and 1.0 mgl-1 BA. This amount of BA (1.0 mgl-1) gave the best multiple shoot formation response with an average of 16.10 shoots per explant. In addition, shoots were cultured on the media containing 1.0 mgl-1 BA and kin combined with three different auxins (0.25 and 0.5 mgl-1 of IAA, IBA and NAA) separately. It was noted that 1.0 mgl-1 BA and kin combinated with NAA had inhibitory effect on new shoot formation and no shoot formation was induced. However, explants cultivated on medium containing 1.0 mgl-1 BA and 0.5 mgl-1 IAA resulted in 11.25 shoots per explant. The effect of four different sucrose concentrations (20, 30, 40, 50 gl-1) on the multiplication of shoots was also investigated. The best shoot multiplication was obtained in MS media containing 30 gl-1 sucrose with an average of 15.40 shoots per explant

Anesthetic management in a patient with Friedreichs Ataxia: a different approach

Friedreich's Ataxia (FA) is a rare autosomal recessive disease. FA is clinically characterized by progressive ataxia, especially loss of reflex and power in the lower extremities, spasticity and loss of proprioceptive sensory. There is an increased sensitivity to non-depolarizing muscle relaxants in neurodegenerative diseases. Care must be taken of anesthesia management for the use of volatile anesthetics and muscle relaxants, and precautions should be taken for difficult airway management which is due to secondary to kyphoscoliosis and comorbidities. In this case, anesthesia management of emergency operation for septal hematoma by TIVA without using of muscle relaxants and minimalized hemodynamic response depending on the intubation by videolaryngoscope were presented. [Med-Science 2017; 6(1.000): 109-10

Localization For Wireless Sensor And Actor Networks With Meandering Mobility

Environmental monitoring applications for wireless sensor and actor networks rely on position estimation in order to process or evaluate the observed data. The absence of efficient positioning techniques for sensor nodes operating in harsh environments calls for novel approaches. While monitoring the Amazon river, unprecedented characteristics of the river and its surroundings challenge the node communications and drifting of the nodes makes it difficult to use the existing positioning methods. To address these challenges, we propose a multi-hop localization technique that takes advantage of sensor mobility with local information exchange. The collected information is used to enrich the environmental data with location information. The maximum hop distance for actor affiliation is also adapted according to network characteristics to improve energy consumption behavior. The motion of the sensor nodes follows the advection of the fluid parcels in the river, which is modeled as a combination of a central streamline with a meandering motion around the rough surface. This translates into a stretching topology with correlated motion for sensor nodes. Through extensive simulations, we show that the nodes can be efficiently positioned using the proposed approach, as our technique is compliant with the movement patterns of the sensor nodes in the realistic mobility model of the river

Ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing various types of surgery

Ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane (ESP) block is regional anesthesia technique for the management of thoracic and abdominal neuropathic pain. ESP block may also be a good option to provide postoperative analgesia. In this case report, we describe our experiences of ESP block used for postoperative analgesia in three patients undergoing laparoscopic-assisted percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), laparoscopic-assisted total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH), and a unilateral total mastectomy. In all three patients, ESP block provided effective analgesia and increased patient satisfaction according to their pain management scores (numerical rating scale [NRS]). [Med-Science 2022; 11(1.000): 403-6

The clinical and histopathological effects of perineural dexmedetomidine in combination with bupivacaine in sciatic nerve block in rabbits undergoing sevoflurane anesthesia

Many drugs or additives have been tried as adjuvants in the blocking of nerve blocks with local anesthetics, and it is aimed to increase the duration of action and analgesia quality of local anesthetics in this way. In this study, we aimed to see the adjuvant efficacy of Dexmedetomidine [Dex] added to bupivacaine and its effect on analgesia and histopathological effects in rabbits by administering sevoflurane anesthesia. Twenty-four rabbits were randomly allocated to 3 groups; Group S: sham [0.5 ml saline], Group B: perineural bupivacaine [0.5 mg/kg] [0.5 ml] and Group BD: perineural bupivacaine [0.5 mg/kg] combined with Dex [20 µr/kg] [0.5 ml]. Analgesia measurement was evaluated by hotplate test, the paw withdrawal response was performed for sensorial and motor blockades also were recorded at baseline, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after drug administration. Dissected nerve tissue was also examined for histopathologic evaluation. In the hot-plate test applied for the measurement of acute thermal pain; when compared to Group S, significant prolongation was found in Group B and Group BD at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes [p [Med-Science 2022; 11(2.000): 547-53

Nasotracheal intubation with c-mac video-laryngoscope in a patient with Treacher Collins Syndrome

Treacher Collins Syndrome (TCS) is a dominantly inherited autosomal disease, which is limited to head and neck. In management of difficult airways seen in patients with TCS, the direct laryngoscope, video-laryngoscope (VL), and fiber-optic laryngoscope (FOB) were successfully utilized. No study indicating the successful execution of nasotracheal intubation on a patient with TCS by using C-MAC video-laryngoscope was found in literature review. In this case study, we aimed to share our airway management on a patient with TCS, for whom we planned nasotracheal intubation due to a dental surgery. [Med-Science 2017; 6(3.000): 585-7

Superb Microvascular Imaging Compared With Power Doppler Ultrasound in Assessing Synovitis of the Knee in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis A Preliminary Study

Objectives-To investigate the efficiency of Superb Microvascular Imaging (SMI; Toshiba Medical Systems, Tustin, CA) in assessing inflammation of the synovium in the knee of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) compared with power Doppler ultrasound (PDUS)