On Modeling Geometric Joint Sink Mobility with Delay-Tolerant Cluster-less Wireless Sensor Networks

Moving Sink (MS) in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) has appeared as a blessing because it collects data directly from the nodes where the concept of relay nodes is becomes obsolete. There are, however, a few challenges to be taken care of, like data delay tolerance and trajectory of MS which is NP-hard. In our proposed scheme, we divide the square field in small squares. Middle point of the partitioned area is the sojourn location of the sink, and nodes around MS are in its transmission range, which send directly the sensed data in a delay-tolerant fashion. Two sinks are moving simultaneously; one inside and having four sojourn locations and other in outer trajectory having twelve sojourn locations. Introduction of the joint mobility enhances network life and ultimately throughput. As the MS comes under the NP-hard problem, we convert it into a geometric problem and define it as, Geometric Sink Movement (GSM). A set of linear programming equations has also been given in support of GSM which prolongs network life time

Islam in China seas: Islam and Muslims in Myanmar

In China seas, Malakka strait has been a center of trade zone for Asian countries today. It has been a strategic maritime root where kingdoms of Majapahit, Tiriwizara, Malakka Kingdom, Pagan, Hantawaddy and Konbong Kingdoms of Myanmar benefited tremendously. Trade and diplomatic relationship Between China and Burma has been traditionally excellent till date for they are connected by land as well as sea. Burma, presently called Myanmar has been an important country from the perspective of geo-politics in the region, but the history of Muslims with the population of 5 million in this country beyond the Second World War II has been worse to the extent, they are struggling for survival. Muslims have been living in Myanmar for the last few thousand years. The previous Buddhist rulers of the country and the British administration that followed, provided full rights of citizenship to them without discrimination. Thus, they enjoyed every segment of life, business, the community, society, educational institutions and politics. In the light of these welcoming circumstances, Muslims were happy to contribute to the nation by joining the army, the police force, government institutions such as health care, education, trade, business, agriculture as well as in politics and as legislators in the parliament of Myanmar. Nevertheless, their unfortunate history began when military rule came into power in 1962. All the rights and responsibilities they had enjoyed over the years became restricted. Discrimination policies were applied in every segment of national institutions even their citizenship rights were threatened. The discrimination continued to the extent that their racial status as one of the 145 races of Myanmar was removed. Consequently, frequent riots, afflictions and violence against Muslim minorities became the norm, resulting in a peaceful coexistence between Muslim minorities and the majority Buddhists becoming impossible. The objective of this paper was to research the historical existence and identification of Muslims in Myanmar. It is hoped that the findings of this work will support a theory of peaceful coexistence between Muslims and Buddhists in Myanmar

Empowering youth: developing spiritual and intellectual enhancement in youth

In this era of information and technology engaging around us, knowledge has been made the essential foundation to build a modern and dynamic generation of a country. Even our holy book of guidance, the Quran, has repeatedly called believers to continue to seek knowledge as a way to transform ourselves as vicegerents of the Almighty. Chapter 45, verse 13 of the Quran, emphasized that knowledge is the perfect medium for us to reflect and understand the attributes of Allah through his creations. Thus, as the generation of this modernized era, we should consistently seek the opportunity to increase our knowledge in various aspects, be it spiritually or otherwise. To this, it cannot be denied that most of our knowledge is attained through a formal educational institution, specifically schools. Such an institution provides convenient learning space, ambiance, and facilities to mould the students into a figure that is well equipped with concrete facts and information, as well as the fundamental communication skills needed. The assistance of schools in shaping these students give out great importance since they are considered to be future leaders. Focus and emphasis should be channelled to improvise the characteristics of the youth of today, as we know by nurturing them to become successful leaders of tomorrow should be carried out at a young age. Through this study, we get to witness first-hand the situation that the students nowadays are going through at school. The prerequisites to a good education, which are the school facilities and the school environment must be taken care of, to establish a quality learning process. However, the standard of youth in our society is not up to the mark as anticipated. The background of this study is to highlight the decay of morality, lack of discipline, deterioration of healthcare, and its system in schools, weakening the mental strength of our youth, which is rampant in our community. Hence, the objective of this paper is to observe the five main attributes of the students, discipline, physical strength, spiritual power, mental quality, and behaviour change, which are the primary key to determine whether our youths are on the right track in configuring leaders of tomorrow. The methodology applied in this research is quantitative, for that, questionnaires will be prepared, interviews with school children from targeted primary and secondary schools in Gombak area will be conducted, analysis of interviews’ reports will be conducted consequently, and finally, the publication of the polished paper is planned at the end

Internet Usage from Islamic Perspective: A Preliminary Survey with First Year Medical Students, Kuantan Campus, Pahang 2015

Background: The internet today has become a greater part of every citizen?s life which helps many successful, although, many fall in failure if not utilize it carefully. The usage of the Internet is bringing welfare of mankind while avoiding different types of drawback, many of us unable to identify it. This study measured the level of Internet addiction (IA) among students and explored their perspectives on using the Internet based on religious background. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was done at IIUM, Kuantan Campus, Pahang in July 2015. A total of 103 first year medical students was organized purposely. Internet addiction of the participants was assessed using online questionnaires containing Internet Addiction Test-20. Benefits (7-items) and disadvantages (5-items) Internet usage from Islamic perspective was analysed with (12) relevant questionnaires pertaining basic themes of Islam such as, ?Islamic Religion, Ibadah, Greeting, Social Responsibility, Muslim?s Issues, Ummah, Da?wah, Islamic Business, Al Quran, Hadith, Sunna, Islamic Study?. Results: Prevalence of normal (5.8%, n=6), mild IA (48.5%, n=50), moderate IA (44.7%, n=46) and severe IA (1%, n=1) were resulted respectively. Mean (SD) age of students was 20.9 (0.5) years, 35.9% male, 64.1% female, 96.1% residents at dormitory, 48.5% using the Internet more than 7 years, 64.1% spend on line 2 to 5 hours/day and 78.6% Smartphone users. Regarding Islamic perspective, 80% of the users acknowledged that Internet usage can provide benefits in enhancing Islamic knowledge, while 20% disagreed with regarding positive Internet usages. For negative usages of the Internet, 60% of the users approved as negative and 40% recognized as it was beneficial. Conclusion: Internet usage has been proven to be beneficial to all Muslims and it can be an effective tool for Da?wah activities, but it is highly recommended that it has to be utilized with a great caution while keeping the importance of the concept of Islamic teaching

Distribution and the current state of Lagochilus acutilobus (Lamiaceae) in connection with the oil and gas sector development in Uzbekistan

The northern part of the Ustyurt plateau is the main area in Uzbekistan where rare and interesting species Lagochilus acutilobus occurs. The intensified exploration and production of natural gas carried out in recent years by Uzbekistan’s National holding company “Uzbekneftegaz” together with the Russian companies “Lukoil” and “Gazprom” is the main factor degrading the soil and vegetation in this region. Trial drilling, expansion and reconstruction of gas pipelines, as well as the accompanying intensification of transport, cause changes in the distribution and resources of the Lagochilus acutilobus populations.Monitoring of Lagochilus acutilobus was performed in the conditions of strong environmental changes caused by the direct impact of anthropogenic factors enhanced by desiccation of the Aral Sea, the western coast of which bordered previously on the eastern part of the Ustyurt plateau. The species distribution was determined during a series of expeditions in 2011-2013. The maps prepared in the GIS technology show the route and the species occurrence sites located by a GPS receiver. The paper presents the types of plant communities and vegetation complexes in which the studied species occurred. Furthermore, there were determined differences in the abundance of Lagochilus acutilobus in these ecological systems

Muslims in Myanmar

Muslims of Myamar have been living in the country for more than one thousand years; yet their identities remained unanswered. Their lives are full of challenges and the frequent clashes between them and the Buddhists signify an uncomfortable atmosphere. Their life is an example of identity crisis prevailing in our contemporary world. Currently, their economic life, educational level, social, religious and political status is below the recognized standard. The alarming numbers of poor, jobless, destitute, uneducated, illiterate, refugees and locally displaced Muslims are on the rise. Once the social and moral values are at desperate level, maintaining Islamic identity for the Muslims of Myanmar is unthinkable. Since 2012 Myanmar has shown its desire to participate in democratization whereas many reform activities have taken place. However, the contributions of Muslims are still unacknowledged whether they themselves are inactive or are put aside. The current violence pertaining to Rohingya in the western part of Myanmar highlighted again the ailing episode of Muslims. The violence is seen frequently in Myanmar. It is suggested that the reason of affliction against the Muslims is Islamophobia. This book suggests to the Muslims of Myanmar that they need to solicit the minority status on the basis of religion so as to officially claim the right of minority as well as to enhance their literacy rate and educational standards, particularly in tertiary education by which they can be considered as an indispensable community in the process of democratization of the nation paving the way for ending disputes and see prosperity of the Muslims again

Distribution of freshwater turtles in Punjab, Pakistan

A total of 3528 specimens of freshwater turtles belonging to two families viz., Geoemydidae (brown river turtle, Kachuga smithi; Indian saw-backed turtle, K. tecta; Brahminy river turtle, Hardella thurgi; spotted pond turtle, Geoclemys hamiltonii) and Trionychidae (Indian soft-shell turtle, Aspederates gangeticus; peacock soft-shell turtle, A. hurum; narrow-headed soft-shell turtle, Chitra indica; Indian flap-shell turtle, Lissemys punciata) were identified. Kachuga smithi (43.62%) and K. tecta (42.06%) had abundant population status, whereas, Hardella thurgi (0.88%) and Chitra indica (0.54%) were rare. Capturing of turtles for supply to foreigners and export is a major threat to these animals. Fishermen also kill them during fishing. Canal closure and de-silting is also harmful to turtles. It is concluded that it is necessary to provide immediate legal protection/coverage to all turtle species under the Punjab Wildlife Act, 1974, Pakistan; otherwise turtle species will become extinct

Penggunaan Metode VaR (Value At Risk) dalam Analisis Risiko Investasi Saham dengan Pendekatan Generalized Pareto Distribution (GPD)

Investasi di pasar modal bertujuan untuk memperoleh return, sebesar-besarnya dengan risiko tertentu. Pengukuran risiko merupakan hal yang sangat penting berkaitan dengan investasi dana yang cukup besar, sehingga dapat mengurangi terjadinya kerugian berinvestasi. Salah satu metode yang berkembang pesat dan sangat populer dipergunakan saat ini ialah Value at Risk (VaR). Karena pada data finansial diduga mempunyai kecenderungan adanya kasus ekor gemuk (heavy tailed), maka pengukuran risiko dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan Generalized Pareto Distribution (GPD). Data yang digunakan adalah data saham Semen Gresik dari periode bulan Agustus 2007 sampai bulan Maret 2012. Hasil perhitungan VaR dengan metode GPD diperoleh besar risiko penanaman saham pada Semen Gresik dalam kurun waktu 20 hari ke depan terdapat potensi 1 hari diantaranya investor akan mengalami kerugian minimal Rp. 31.200.000,00